CLASSIFICATION OF MENTAL DISORDERS What mental disorder is not
An expectable or culturally approved response
DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL to a common stressor or loss, such as the death DISORDERS (DSM) of a loved one, is not a mental disorder. Published by the American Psychiatric Association Socially deviant behavior (e.g., political, DSM (1952) religious, or sexual) and conflicts that are DSM – II (1968) primarily between the individual and society DSM – III (1980) are not mental disorders unless the deviance or DSM – III – R (1987) conflict results from a dysfunction in the DSM IV (1994) individual, as previously described. DSM IV – TR (2000) Elements of a Diagnosis: Diagnostic Criteria DSM-5 (2013) Diagnostic criteria are offered as guidelines for making diagnoses, and their use should be informed by clinical judgment. The primary purpose of DSM-5 is to assist trained clinicians in the diagnosis of their patients’ mental The text descriptions in DSM-5, including disorders as part of a case formulation assessment introductory sections of each diagnostic that leads to a fully informed treatment plan for chapter, can help support diagnosis (e.g each individual. providing differential diagnoses; describing the criteria more fully under “Diagnostic Features”). The symptoms contained in the respective diagnostic criteria sets do not constitute Elements of a Diagnosis: Descriptors comprehensive definitions of underlying disorders, Subtypes and Specifiers which encompass cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and physiological processes that are far more Medication-Induced Movement Disorders and complex that can be described in these brief Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of summaries. Clinical Attention Principal Diagnosis Rather, they are intended to summarize Provisional Diagnosis characteristic syndromes of signs and symptoms Coding and Reporting Procedures that point to an underlying disorder with a characteristic of developmental history, biological Elements of a Diagnosis: Descriptors and environmental risk factors, neuropsychological Following the assessment of diagnostic criteria, and physiological correlated and a typical clinical clinicians should consider the application of course. disorder subtypes and/or subtypes as appropriate. Definition of a Mental Disorder Severity and course specifiers should be applied to denote the individual’s current A mental disorder is a syndrome characterized presentation, but only when the full criteria are by clinically significant disturbance in an met. individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or When full criteria are not met, clinicians should behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the consider whether the symptom presentation psychological, biological, or developmental meets criteria for an ”other specified” or processes underlying mental functioning. “unspecified” designation. Mental disorders are usually associated with significant Where applicable, specific criteria for defining distress or disability in social, occupational, or other disorder severity (e.g. mild, moderate, severe, important activities. extreme), descriptive features (e.g., with good to fair insight; in a controlled environment), and of course (e.g., in partial remission, in full remission, recurrent) are provided with each diagnosis. On the basis of the clinical interview, text Specific Phobia descriptions, criteria and clinician judgment, a Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) final diagnosis is made. Panic Disorder Agoraphobia The general convention in DSM-5 is to allow Generalized Anxiety Disorder multiple diagnoses to be assigned for those Substance/Medication-Induced Anxiety presentations that meet criteria for more than Disorder one DSM-5 disorder. OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE AND RELATED DISORDERS DSM 5 CLASSIFICATION Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS Body Dysmorphic Disorder Hoarding Disorder Intellectual Disabilities Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder) Communication Disorders Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder Autism Spectrum Disorder Substance/Medication-Induced Obsessive- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Compulsive and Related Disorder Specific Learning Disorder Motor Disorders TRAUMA- AND STRESSOR-RELATED DISORDERS Tic Disorders Reactive Attachment Disorder SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM AND OTHER PSYCHOTIC Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder DISORDERS Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Acute Stress Disorder Schizotypal Personality Disorder Adjustment Disorders Delusional Disorder Brief Psychotic Disorder DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS Schizophreniform Disorder Schizophrenia Dissociative Identity Disorder Schizoaffective Disorder Dissociative Amnesia Substance/Medication-Induced Psychotic Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder Disorder SOMATIC SYMPTOM AND RELATED DISORDERS BIPOLAR AND RELATED DISORDERS Bipolar I Disorder Somatic Symptom Disorder Bipolar II Disorder Illness Anxiety Disorder Cyclothymic Disorder Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Substance/Medication-Induced Bipolar and Symptom Disorder) Related Disorder Factitious Disorder DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS FEEDING AND EATING DISORDERS • Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder • Major Depressive Disorder Pica • Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) Rumination Disorder • Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder • Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Anorexia Nervosa Disorder Bulimia Nervosa Binge-Eating Disorder ANXIETY DISORDERS ELIMINATION DISORDERS Separation Anxiety Disorder Selective Mutism Enuresis Encopresis NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDERS • Delirium SLEEP-WAKE DISORDERS • Major and Mild Neurocognitive Disorders
SUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE DISORDERS MEDICATION-INDUCED MOVEMENT DISORDERS AND
• Alcohol-Related Disorders OTHER ADVERSE EFFECTS OF MEDICATION o Alcohol Use Disorder o Alcohol Intoxication OTHER CONDITIONS THAT MAY BE A FOCUS OF o Alcohol Withdrawal CLINICAL ATTENTION o Other Alcohol-Induced Disorders • Caffeine-Related Disorders • Cannabis-Related Disorders END • Hallucinogen-Related Disorders • Inhalant-Related Disorders • Opioid-Related Disorders • Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Related Disorders • Stimulant-Related Disorders • Tobacco-Related Disorders • Non-Substance-Related Disorders • Gambling Disorder
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