E.1.

Startup
Keystrokes
Keys to Hold Down
C
D
N
R
T

Option
Shift-Option-⌘-Delete
Option-⌘-P-R
Option-⌘-O-F
⌘-V
⌘-S
Mouse down
6 and 4 keys
Shift

Shift

E.2. In the Finder

⌘-space
Option-⌘-space
→, ←
Option-→
Option-←
⌘-↑
Shift-Option-⌘-↑
⌘-↓ (or ⌘-O)
Option-click the flippy triangl
Tab
Shift-Tab
space bar
space bar
Option-click Zoom button
Option-click Close button
Option-click Minimize button
⌘-drag an icon
Option
⌘-drag
⌘-click window title

E.3. Apple Menu 

Option
Option

E.4. Finder Menu

Option
Shift-⌘-Q
Shift-Option-⌘-Q
Shift-⌘-Delete
Shift-⌘-Delete
Shift-Option-⌘-Delete
Option-"Empty Trash"
⌘-comma
⌘-H
Shift-⌘-H

E.5. File Menu

⌘-N
Shift-⌘-N
Option-⌘-N
⌘-O or ⌘-↓
Control-⌘-O
Option-click File menu
⌘-W
Option-⌘-W
⌘-I
Option-⌘-I
Control-⌘-I
⌘-D
⌘-L
⌘-Y
Option-⌘-Y
⌘-R
⌘-T
Shift-⌘-T
⌘-Delete
⌘-E
⌘-F
Shift-⌘-F

E.6. Edit Menu

⌘-Z
⌘-C, ⌘-X, ⌘-V
⌘-A
Option-⌘-A

E.7. View Menu

⌘-1, -2, -3, -4
Control-⌘-1, -2, -3, -4, -5,
-6
Option
Option
Option-⌘-T
⌘-J

E.8. Go Menu
⌘-[, ⌘-]
⌘-↑
Control-⌘-↑
Shift-⌘-C
Shift-⌘-H
Shift-⌘-D
Shift-⌘-K
Shift-⌘-I
Shift-⌘-A
Shift-⌘-G
⌘-K

E.9. Window Menu

⌘-M
Option-⌘-M
Option

E.10. Help Menu

Shift-⌘-?

E.11. Power Keys

Control-
Option-⌘-
Control-Option-⌘-
Control-⌘-power

E.12. The Dock

Option-click a Dock icon
Option-⌘-D
icon
Option-⌘-click a Dock icon
Control-click a Dock icon
Hold mouse down on Dock
app icon
⌘-drag an icon onto a Dock
icon
⌘-drag a Dock icon
Option-⌘-drag an icon onto
the Dock
E.13. Managing
Programs
Option-click a Dock icon
Option-click in a window
⌘-H
Option-⌘-H
F8
Shift-F8
Control-1, 2, 3, 4…
Control-↑, ↓, ←, →
F9
Shift-F9
F10
F11
F12

⌘-Tab

⌘-Tab

⌘-~
Option-⌘-Esc
Shift-⌘-3

Shift-⌘-4

⌘-space

E.14. Dialog Boxes

⌘-comma
Esc
Enter or Return
Option-⌘-F
⌘-D, ⌘-R
Effect
Starts up from a CD
Starts up from the first partition
Starts up from network server
Resets the laptop screen
Puts the Mac into FireWire Target Disk mode
Shows icons of all startup disks and partitions, so you can choose one for starti
up.
Starts up from external drive (or CD)
Zaps the parameter RAM (PRAM). (Hold down until you hear the second chime.
Brings up Open Firmware screen (pre-Intel Macs).
Shows Unix console messages during startup, logout, and shutdown
Starts up in single-user (Unix command-line) mode
Ejects a stuck CD or DVD
Starts up in 64-bit mode
Just after powering up: Turns off kernel extensions
Just after logging in: Prevents Finder windows and startup items from opening.
(They'll return the next time you start up.)

Highlights Spotlight box
Opens Spotlight window
Expands or collapses a selected folder in list view
Expands a folder in a list view and all folders inside it
Collapses folder and all folders inside it
Opens parent folder
Selects the Desktop
Opens the selected icon
Expands or collapses all folders within that window
Selects next icon alphabetically
Selects previous icon alphabetically
Opens Quick Look preview of highlighted icon(s)
During a spring-loaded folder drag, opens the disk or folder under mouse imme
Enlarges the window to full screen
Closes all Finder windows
Minimizes all windows (works in most apps)
Moves it into, or out of, the System folder (administrator password required)
Changes Quick Look button to Slideshow button
Rearranges or removes menulets or toolbar icons
Opens a pop-up menu showing the folder path

Changes "About This Mac" to Section 10.28.21

Eliminates confirmation box from Restart, Shut Down, and Log Out

Eliminates confirmation box from Empty Trash and Secure Empty Trash
Logs out
Logs out without confirmation box
Empties the Trash
Puts back a highlighted icon in the Trash
Empties the Trash without confirmation box
Empties the Trash without confirmation box
Opens Preferences
Hide this program
Hide other programs

New Finder window

New folder
New smart folder
Open
Open in new window
Changes "Open With" to "Always Open With"
Close window
Close All
Get Info
Show Inspector
Summary Info (of selected icons)
Duplicate
Make Alias
Quick Look
Slideshow (of selected icons)
Show Original (of alias)
Add to Sidebar
Add to Favorites
Move to Trash
Eject
Find
Find by Name

Undo
Copy, Cut, Paste
Select All
Deselect All

Icon, list, column, Cover Flow views

Arrange by Name, Date Modified, Date Created, Size, Kind, Label

Changes "Clean Up Selection" to "Clean Up"
Changes "Keep Arranged By" to "Arrange By"
Show/Hide Toolbar
Show/Hide View Options palette

Back, Forward
Enclosing folder
Enclosing folder in new window
Computer window
Home window
Desktop window
Network window
Open iDisk
Applications window
Go to Folder
Connect to Server

Minimize
Minimize All
Changes "Bring All to Front" to "Arrange in Front"

Opens help search box

Brings up dialog box for shutdown, sleep, or restart

Sleep
Shut Down
Restart

Switches to new program and hides previous one

Hides/shows the Dock
Reveals its actual Finder icon
Switches to this program and hides all others
Opens a shortcut menu

Triggers Exposé (shows all windows of that app in miniature)

Prevents Dock icons from moving, so you can drop your icon onto one of them
Drags the actual item

Forces Dock program icon to open the icon you're dropping

Switches to new program and hides previous one
Switches to new program and hides previous one
Hide this program's windows (works in most apps)
Hide all other programs' windows (most apps)
Spaces)
Spaces: Enters "big picture" view in slow motion
Jump to a specific Spaces screen
Next Spaces screen in this direction
Exposé: Shrinks and tiles all windows in all programs
Exposé: Shrinks and tiles all windows in slow motion
Exposé: Shrinks and tiles all windows in frontmost program
Exposé: Flings all windows in all programs to edges of screen, revealing deskto
Dashboard widgets
Press and release: Switches back and forth between current and previous open
program
cycle through them. (Add Shift to cycle backward through open programs on th
Dock.)
Switches to next open window in this program. (Add Shift to cycle in the oppos
direction.)
Opens the Force Quit dialog box (to close a stuck program)
Captures the screen image as a PDF file on your desktop
Produces a crosshairs; drag to capture a selected portion of the screen as a PD
graphics file. (Press space to get the "camera" cursor that snips out just a men
icon, or window.)
Switches keyboard layout (if more than one is installed). (If you use Spotlight,
must choose a different keystroke for this function.)

Opens Preferences dialog box (any Apple program)

"Clicks" the Cancel button in a dialog box
"Clicks" the OK button (or other blue, highlighted button) in a dialog box
Moves insertion point to the Search box in most Apple programs
"Clicks" the Don't Save or Replace button
mmediately