Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory states that motivation can be achieved through a hierarchy of

needs that begins with physiological needs (a job with remuneration), safety needs (job security, OH
& S) social needs (positive work relations, employee functions), self-esteem needs (job title and
responsibilities) and self actualisation needs ( challenging work and participation in decision making).
Each level beginning with physiological needs must e substantially satisfied before moving onto the
next level. The next level acts as motivator until need is satisfied.

The HRM Manager could use Maslow's theory to motivate Alex by realising that the physiological
safety and social needs which is pay, a safe working environment, and friendly associates are already
achieved for Alex and hence it’s not a motivator anymore and move to try to achieve Alex’s self-
esteem (responsibility and title) and achieving it substantially can ultimately lead to the achievement
of self-actualisation needs like challenging work for Alex which he wants.

Herzberg two factor theory states that motivation of human resources can occur through two factors
which are hygiene factors (remuneration, a job ) and motivational factors (challenging work,
participation in decision making). Herzberg states that Hygiene factors do not lead to motivation
however results in a neutral state. Motivational factors can lead to job satisfaction and motivation in
employees.

Locke's goal setting theory is a theory of motivation which focuses on the process of setting goals
and attaining them. The goals set should be SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and
time bound). However two aspects should be considered when setting goals. The first one is goal
difficulty, where goals are challenging to an extent but not over whelming. HRM should set goals for
Michelle that will challenge her, as the difficulty of the goal increases so will Michelle’s motivation.

Goal specificity is another aspect that needs to be considered. The HRM needs to clearly define
Michelle’s goals as this will increase her chance of achieving them. Goals set should be clear, specific
and Michelle should participate in setting her own goals as there is a higher chance of achieving
them. After goals have been set the manager should provide feedback to Michelle which can increase
performance and motivation. Goals set will increase task focus , effort in the organisation and
consequently overall performance of the organization will increase.