TITLE PAGE

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF ALUMINIUM CAN

CRUSHING AND SHREDDING MACHINE

BY

AGHAEBITA EBUKA
MAT. NO: 12/76520

SUBMITTED TO

THE DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
THE FEDERAL POLYTECNIC BIDA
P.M.B. 55
NIGER-STATE

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE

AWARD OF HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA (HND) IN MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
(MANUFACTURING OPTION)

SEPTEMBER, 2015.
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 DECLARATION

I hereby do solemnly declare that this work “Design and Construction of an Aluminium Can

Crushing and Shredding Machine” was undertaken by me under the supervision of Engr.

IdrisEnagi and Mr. Anthony Ozimede. The authors of books and publications that became

helpful for the successful completion of this work were referenced and acknowledged.

AGHAEBITA, Ebuka ………………….................

Signature and Date

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 CERTIFICATION
This project titled “design and construction of aluminium can crushing and shredding machine”

has been read and approved to meet the requirement of Mechanical Engineering Technology

Department for the award of Higher National Diploma [HND] in Mechanical Engineering

(Manufacturing Option) of the Federal Polytechnic, Bida Niger-State.

__________________________ _______________________
Project Supervisor Date
Engr. Ibrahim Enagi

__________________________ _______________________
Project Co-Supervisor Date
Mr. Antony Ozimede

__________________________ _______________________
Project Co-ordinator Date
Engr. M.E. Usman

__________________________ _______________________
H.O.D. Mechanical Engineering Date
Engr. James Mokowa

__________________________ _______________________
External Moderator Date
Engr. Abdul’Akaba Tijani

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 DEDICATION

This work is dedicated to my immediate family, Mr. and Mrs. Benneth Aghaebita, Ikechukwu,

Obiora and Chidinma Aghaebita, and my fiancée Ijeoma Nwagbo for their encouragement,

support and love throughout this project period.

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 ACKNOLEDGEMENTS

My gratitude goes first to God almighty for keeping me to see the successful completion of this

project. I praise his holy name.

I am sincerely grateful to my supervisors, Engr. Idris Enagi and Mr. Anthony Ozimede, for their

guidance, encouragement, useful criticism and support given me from the beginning to the

completion of this work. They are indeed great supervisors.

I am also thankful to my Head of Department, Engr. James Mokwa and the rest of the lecturers

in the Mechanical Engineering Department for their support towards the success of this project

work. I will not also forget to express my gratitude to my co-project students Jeremiah Akintade

and Oludele Stephen and to my very good friends like Obi Peter Chukwudi, Izu Nwoye Isreal,

Chiwendu okoli, Lilian (Atu’a), John (beloved), Blessing, Isah (paper boi), KC,Lanko

Community( Razzi, Onome, chijioke, Nduka,Oba, Odili, Ojo, Paitience) and members of Hnd II

Mechanical Engineering both Morning and Evening (14/15 Set) for their support towards making

the whole session and this work a success.

This acknowledgement cannot be completed without appreciating the effort of my uncle Mr.

Okey Aghaebita for his financial assistance and encouragement, I will forever remain grateful.

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 ABSTRACT
It is obvious that environmental pollution is a challenge that has caused a lot of havoc in the
community we live in today. This has been a major challenge to various environmental pollution
agencies, home and abroad. One of the most gruesome pollution is that of aluminium can littered
all over the environment in places like the restaurant, hit-tree’s, recreational centres and even
motor parks; which has caused a lot of hazard to both soil and the human body. Hence, in order
to curb these unforeseen occurrences, a machine has been designed for the purpose of crushing
these cans into smaller sizes in order to ease the hauling and recycling process of these cans into
molten in order to be used for the design and construction of new engineering products. The
principle of this machine is very simple and can be operated by either skilled or unskilled
personnel. The machine is electrically powered and then transmitted with the help of an electric
gear motor to reduce the speed of the rolling shaft of the machine and increase the torque for
steady speed and better crushing efficiency. The materials used for the machine were cut into
required shapes and sizes through different cutting operations and then joined together
mechanically using fastening and arc-welding metal joining methods to produce the machine.
The machine is capable of crushing about 30 aluminium cans in one minute and with an
efficiency of about 75%. All materials used for this project were sourced here in Nigeria.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page --------------------------------------------------------------------- i
Declaration --------------------------------------------------------------------- ii
Certification --------------------------------------------------------------------- iii
Dedication --------------------------------------------------------------------- iv
Acknowledgement ------------------------------------------------------------- v
Abstract --------------------------------------------------------------------- vii
Table of content ---------------------------------------------------------------- viii
List of table --------------------------------------------------------------------- xiii
List of figures ------------------------------------------------------------------- xiv
List of plate --------------------------------------------------------------------- xv

1.0 CHAPTER ONE ------------------------------------------------------ 1

1.1 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.2 Statement of problem -------------------------------------------------- 4
1.3 Aims and objectives --------------------------------------------------- 5
1.4 Significance of the study ---------------------------------------------- 5
1.5 scope of the study --------------------------------------------------- 5
1.6 limitation of the study ------------------------------------------------- 5
1.7 Justification ------------------------------------------------------------- 6

2.0 CHAPTER TWO ----------------------------------------------------- 7

2.1 Literature review ----------------------------------------------------- 7
2.1.1 Terminology ------------------------------------------------------------ 9
2.1.2 Pneumatics ------------------------------------------------------------- 9
2.2 Types of tin can crusher ----------------------------------------------- 10
2.3 Crusher ------------------------------------------------------------------ 11
2.4 Types of crusher ----------------------------------------------------- 11

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2.4.1 Jaw crusher ------------------------------------------------------------- 11
2.4.2 Gyratory crusher ----------------------------------------------------- 12
2.4.3 Impact crusher --------------------------------------------------------- 13

3.0 CHAPTER THREE ------------------------------------------------- 15

3.0 Material and method -------------------------------------------------- 15
3.1 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------ 15
3.1.1 Method of data collection -------------------------------------------- 16
3.2 Material selection ----------------------------------------------------- 17
3.2.1 Factors to be considered in material selection --------------------- 17
3.2.2 General consideration in selection of materials....----------------- 17
3.2.3 Process involved ----------------------------------------------------- 17
3.3 Design analysis and calculations ------------------------------------ 20
3.3.1 Design analysis -------------------------------------------------------- 20
3.3.2 Power transmission --------------------------------------------------- 20
3.3.3 Factors considered for selecting chain drive ---------------------- 21
3.3.4 Dynamic forces between gear teeth --------------------------------- 21
3.3.5 Bending stresses ------------------------------------------------------- 22
3.3.6 Contact stresses -------------------------------------------------------- 22
3.3.5 Gears design ------------------------------------------------------------ 22
3.3.6 Determination of machine torque ------------------------------------ 24
3.3.7 Shaft design ------------------------------------------------------------- 25
3.3.8 Determination of belt length ------------------------------------------ 26
3.3.9 Materials used for gear ------------------------------------------------ 27
3.3.10Design assumption and input data ----------------------------------- 29
3.4 Design for all parts ---------------------------------------------------- 30
3.4.1 Design ------------------------------------------------------------------- 30
3.4.2 Cylinder ----------------------------------------------------------------- 30

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3.4.3 Hollow pipe ------------------------------------------------------------- 31
3.4.4 Frame -------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
3.4.5 The shaft ---------------------------------------------------------------- 32
3.4.5.1Factors to be considered when selecting the shaft --------------- 33
3.4.6 The sprocket ------------------------------------------------------------ 33
3.4.7 Electric Motor ---------------------------------------------------------- 34
3.4.8 Stock point -------------------------------------------------------------- 34
3.5 Fabrications and couplings ------------------------------------------- 34
3.6 Testing process --------------------------------------------------------- 35
3.6.1 Testing and evaluation ------------------------------------------------ 35
3.7 Bill of engineering measurement and evaluation ------------------ 36

4.0 CHAPTER FOUR ---------------------------------------------------- 38

4.1 Result -------------------------------------------------------------------- 38
4.2 Discussion -------------------------------------------------------------- 39

5.0 CHAPTER FIVE ----------------------------------------------------- 41

5.1 Conclusion -------------------------------------------------------------- 41
5.2 Recommendation ------------------------------------------------------- 42
5.3 References --------------------------------------------------------------- 43
5.4 Appendices -------------------------------------------------------------- 52

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 LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
1. The standard size of cans 20
2. Materials for gears 29
3. Bill of engineering materials and evaluation 36
4. Testing result 38

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 LIST OF FIGURES
PAGES
1. Aluminium’s Major Applications 3
2. Types of tin crusher 10
3. Jaw crusher 12
4. Gyratory crusher 13
5. Impact crusher 14
6. Flow chart diagram 15
7. Measurement and marking of the material 18
8. Drilling process 18
9. Bending process 19
10. Two transfer gear driver 22
11. Cylinder 30
12. Hollow pipe 31
13. Frame 32
14. Electric motor 34
15. Appendix 1 45
16. Appendix 2 45
17. Appendix 3 46
18. Appendix 4 46
19. Appendix 5 47
20. Appendix 6 47
21. Appendix 7 48
22. Appendix 8 48
23. Isometric drawing 49
24. 1st angle projection 49
25. Sectional drawings 50
26. Components of the machine 50
27. Exploded view 51
28. Transmission component 51

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