Introduction

I) Vertical control is the general term applied to any of the various processes by each
elevation of points or differences in elevation are determined . It is a vital operation in
producing necessary data for mapping, engineering design and construction .

Aim
I) To fly reduced level from known point to another point to get the value of leveling on
the differences places.

Equipments
I) level and tripod
II) two set of staff
III) two set of staff bubble

Procedure
I) Consider a series of measurements of level loop as shown in Figure 1.
II) The first reading measurements from setup 1 is a back sight to TBM 3 as a stating
point , and the second reading is a foresight to CP 1 known as a change point.
III) The leveling staff then remain at CP 1 ,while the instrument moves to setup 2.
Take back sight reading to CP 1 and foresight reading to TBM K4
IV) For setup 3, the back sight reading at TBM K4 and foresight reading at CP 2.
V) Then, for setup 4 ,a back sight reading is made to CP 2 and foresight reading is back
to TBM 3.
VI) The traverse is then closed.This allows a check on the levels ,since the sum of all the
changes in level should be zero .
Discussion
I) There are many errors we do it in surveying . The first error is due to human ability
on reading the pointing scale of the level on the differences places. So, to avoid the
error of reading scale ,make sure eye is perpendicular to the reading scale,it is the best
way to minimize the pointing error is to repeat reading the scale for several times to
get the accurate value .
II) Then, set up the tripod n staff in stable condition by referring to the bubble . Make
sure the bubble is correctly in the middle of the circle given .
III) Lastly , make sure to not use the same place to setup the tripod as the way back to
TBM to read the value on the staff because the level of the different lands are
different.

Conclusion
I) In this practical, flat surface is required to obtain precise reading of the staff. The
instruments must be calibrated before start. Make sure the front view and rear view
are equal in length and measured by step.From the data collected, the calculation
proved the error .The misclosure we got is 5mm and the length of the loop is
0.12km.Hence the misclosure limit that we got by doing calculation is 7
7mm .Therefore, the misclosure of 5mm is small than misclosure limit ,so the leveling
work is accepted .