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Heat
Heat
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The heat capacity of a substance tells us how much heat is required to raise a certain amount of the substance by one degree. For a gas we can
define a molar heat capacity C - the heat required to increase the temperature of 1 mole of the gas by 1 K.
Q = nCΔT
The value of the heat capacity depends on whether the heat is added at constant volume, constant pressure, etc.
Q = nCVΔT
For an ideal gas, applying the First Law of Thermodynamics tells us that heat is also equal to:
polyatomic: CV = 3R
This is from the extra 2 or 3 contributions to the internal energy from rotations.
Because Q = ΔEint when the volume is constant, the change in internal energy can always be written:
ΔEint = n CV ΔT
For an ideal gas at constant pressure, it takes more heat to achieve the same temperature change than it does at constant volume. At constant
volume all the heat added goes into raising the temperature. At constant pressure some of the heat goes to doing work.
Q = nCP ΔT
For an ideal gas, applying the First Law of Thermodynamics tells us that heat is also equal to:
Q = ΔEint + W
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8/25/2018 physics.bu.edu/~redner/211-sp06/class24/notes27_heatcap.html
polyatomic: CP = 4R
The ratio CP / CV
It turns out that the ratio of the specific heats is an important number. The symbol we use for the ratio is γ. For a monatomic ideal gas we
have:
CP 5R 2 5
γ= = * =
CV 2 3R 3
http://physics.bu.edu/~redner/211-sp06/class24/notes27_heatcap.html 2/2