Project Column Design Page 1/9

Job 0001 Updated 27/11/2012

Version Design-1A-RC-001 Reviewed 2/12/2012
Designer Lesego Matojane Reviewer None

5 Crane Beam Design

This section will detail the runway beam design. The critical loads obtained from
load case combination CR1 and CR5 are as follows:

Load combination CV CH
CR1 34.4 kN 1.6 kN
CR5 27.6 kN 9.3 kN

The full derivation of the crane loads and crane combinations (CR) can be found in
annexure C.
The actions the beam will be subject to are a multi-component action, comprising
of a vertical loads (CV) and horizontal loads (CH), These action will need to be
designed for separately. This design will investigate uni-axial and bi-axial bending
for both load combinations CR1 and CR7 and propose a section. lastly the deflection
criteria will be verified.

Groups of loads to be considered

Load combination
as one action.
SW of crane + Acceleration
CR1 1.2DL + 1.6CV + 1.2CH
and deceleration of crane bridge
SW of crane + Hoist load
CR5 1.2DL + 1.2CV + 1.6CH
+ Skewing of bridge

5.1 Design of beam considering (CR1):

5.1.1 Determine point of maximum bending.
Point of maximum bending is at:
xmax = 0.5(5100 − 2000
2
) = 2050

5.1.2 Maximum moment due to vertical loads (CV)

Using static analysis, the reactions at the supports are calculated to
be RL = 27.6 kN and RR = 41.1 kN . See Figure 1.

Bending Moment under wheel is:

Mmax = RL × xmax
= 27.6 × 2.05
= 56.7 kN m Mmax,CV =
56.7 kN m
 Project Column Design Page 2/9
Job 0001 Updated 27/11/2012
Version Design-1A-RC-001 Reviewed 2/12/2012
Designer Lesego Matojane Reviewer None

Figure 1: Vertical wheel load reactions

5.1.3 Maximum moment due to horizontal thrust loads (CH)

Using static analysis, the reactions at the supports are calculated to
be RL = 1.28 kN and RR = 1.91 kN .

Mmax = RL × xmax
= 1.28 × 2.05
= 2.63 kN m Mmax,CH =
2.63 kN m

5.1.4 Factored Moments

Load Combination CR1: 1.2DL + 1.6CV + 1.2 CH is chosen as critical case

Dead Loads (DL):

Self-Weight of rail: 0.22 kNm (50mm x50mm Rail profile)
Self-weight of Beam: 0.25 kNm

Total Dead Load (DL): 0.47 kNm

Maximum moment by uniform dead load under wheel:

Mmax = wLx/2(1 − Lx ) @xmax = 2050
Mmax,DL = 0.47 × 5100 × 0.5 × (1 − 2050/5100)
Mmax,DL = 1.52kN m

Factored moment for load combination CR1:

Mf = 1.2DL + 1.6CV
= 1.2 × 1.52 + 1.6 × 56.7
= 92.54kN m Mf = 92.54 kN m
 Project Column Design Page 3/9
Job 0001 Updated 27/11/2012
Version Design-1A-RC-001 Reviewed 2/12/2012
Designer Lesego Matojane Reviewer None

Factored moment due to side thrust:

Mhf = 1.2CH
= 1.2 × 2.63
= 3.15kN m Mhf = 3.15 kN m
(i) Trial member selection

Try 254 X 146 X 43 kg/m I- section PC200 X 75 I section to make a compound

Table 2.19 Red
girder.
Book

Figure 2: Steel Section

Whole Section Top Flange Only

A 8600 Ixx 93.3 Iyy 25.9 Ixx 22.5 Table 2.19 Red
J 616 Zx 1517 Ze,yy 259 Ze,xx 225 Book
Cw 226 r 54.9 βx 204
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Version Design-1A-RC-001 Reviewed 2/12/2012
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Outstand compression flange:

b1 b/2 82.5
= = = 8.1 11.3.1 (c)
ff tf 10.2

Limiting width-to-thickness ratio for Class 2 Section

145 170
p =√ = 9.02 > 8.1
fy 355

∴ Compression flange is class 2 section.

Web in bending:

b1 hw 8.9 + 8.9 + 266

= = = 46.52
fw tw 6.1
Limiting width-to-thickness ratio for Class 1 Section:

1100 1100
p =√ = 58.4 > 46.52
fy 355

∴ Web is a Class 1 section.

Cross-section classification is Class 1

(ii) Member design

KL = 1.0 × 2550 = 2550 mm. Lateral support provided to the top compression
flange at the center of the beam. Table 1

κ=0
∴ ω = 1.75
 Project Column Design Page 5/9
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Version Design-1A-RC-001 Reviewed 2/12/2012
Designer Lesego Matojane Reviewer None

The elastic critical moment (Mcr ) for a mono-symmetric section (Mcr ) is:

 
ω2 π p
q
2
Mcr = EIy GJ(B1 + 1 + B2 + B1
KL

Where:
r 11.3.1 (c)
πβx EIy π 2 ECw
B1 = , B2 =
2KL GJ (KL)2 GJ

r
π × 204 200000 × 25.9 × 106
B1 =
2 × 1.0 × 2550 77000 × 616 × 103
B1 = 1.31 B1 = 1.31

π 2 × 200000 × 226 × 109

B2 =
(1.0 × 2550)2 × 77000 × 616 × 103
B2 = 1.44 B2 = 1.44

1.75 × π √

Mcr = 200000 × 25.9 × 106 × 77000 × 616 × 103
1.0 × 2550
√

× (1.31 + 1 + 1.44 + 1.442

Mcr = 6275.5 kN m Mcr =

6275.5 kN m
Mx = Ze,x fy = (1487 × 103 × 355) × 10−6 = 527.8 kN m Mx = 527.8 kN m
0.67Mx = 0.67 × 527.8 kN m = 330.4 kN m < Mcr = 6275.5 kN m

 
0.28Mx 13.6 (a)(i)
∴ Mrx = 1.15φMx 1 − ≤ φMx
Mcr
 
0.28 × 527.8
= 1.15 × 0.9 × 527.8 1 −
6275.5
Mrx = 533.4 kN m ≥ 0.9 × 527.8 = 399.42 kN m
∴ Mrx = 399.42 kN m Mrx =
399.42 kN m
Mrx = 399.42 kN m > Mf = 92.54 kN m
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Version Design-1A-RC-001 Reviewed 2/12/2012
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(ii) Check overall member strength

Note: The top flange resists the horizontal load and the combined section resists the
vertical load. This assumption eliminates the need for an analysis of torsional effects
on the combined section and simplifies the analysis.

Mry = φZe fy
= 0.9 × 225 × 103 × 355 × 10−6
Mry = 71.8kN m Mry = 71.8 kN m
Mf y = 3.15 kN m
Mf y = Mhf = 3.15 kN m

Mf x Mf y
+ ≤ 1.0
Mrx Mry
95.54 3.15
+
399.42 71.8
= 0.28 < 1 ∴ OK
 Project Column Design Page 7/9
Job 0001 Updated 27/11/2012
Version Design-1A-RC-001 Reviewed 2/12/2012
Designer Lesego Matojane Reviewer None

5.2 Beam check of uni-axial and bi-axial bending (CR5)

5.2.1 Determine point of maximum bending.
Point of maximum bending is at:
xmax = 0.5(5100 − 2000
2
) = 2050

5.2.2 Maximum moment due to vertical loads (CV)

Using static analysis, the reactions at the supports are calculated to
be RL = 22.2 kN and RR = 33.0 kN .

Bending Moment under wheel is:

Mmax = RL × xmax
= 22.2 × 2.05
= 45.5 kN m Mmax,CV =
45.5 kN m

5.2.3 Maximum moment due to horizontal thrust loads (CH)

Using static analysis, the reactions at the supports are calculated to
be RL = 7.5 kN and RR = 11.1 kN .

Mmax = RL × xmax
= 7.5 × 2.05
= 15.3 kN m Mmax,CH =
15.3 kN m

5.2.4 Factored Moments

Load Combination CR5: 1.2DL + 1.6CV + 1.2 CH is chosen as critical case

Total Dead Load (DL): 0.47 kNm As in 5.1.4

Maximum moment by uniform dead load under wheel:
Mmax,DL = 1.52 kN m As in 5.1.4

Factored moment for load combination CR5:

Mf = 1.2DL + 1.6CV
= 1.2 × 1.52 + 1.6 × 45.5
= 74.6 kN m Mf = 74.6 kN m
 Project Column Design Page 8/9
Job 0001 Updated 27/11/2012
Version Design-1A-RC-001 Reviewed 2/12/2012
Designer Lesego Matojane Reviewer None

Factored moment due to side thrust:

Mhf = 1.2CH
= 1.2 × 15.3
= 18.4 kN m Mhf = 18.4 kN m

(ii) Member design

KL = 1.0 × 2550 = 2550 mm.

Lateral support provided to the top compression flange at the center of the beam. Table 1

κ=0
∴ ω = 1.75

The elastic critical moment (Mcr ) is then:

Mcr = 6275.5 kN m As in 5.1.4 (ii)
My = Ze,y fy = (225 × 103 × 355) × 10−6 = 71.8 kN m My = 71.8 kN m
0.67My = 0.67 × 71.8 kN m = 34.4 kN m < Mcr = 6275.5 kN m

 
0.28My 13.6 (a)(i)
∴ Mry = 1.15φMy 1 − ≤ φMy
Mcr
 
0.28 × 71.8
= 1.15 × 0.9 × 71.8 1 −
6275.5
Mry = 74.1 kN m ≥ 0.9 × 71.8 = 64.6 kN m
∴ Mry = 64.6 kN m Mry = 64.63 kN m

Mry = 64.6 kN m > Mf = 15.3 kN m ∴ OK

(ii) Check overall member strength

Mry = 46.3kN m
Mf y = 18.4 kN m
Mf y = Mhf = 18.4 kN m

Mf x Mf y
+ ≤ 1.0
Mrx Mry
74.6 18.4
+
399.42 64.6
= 0.47 < 1 ∴ OK
 Project Column Design Page 9/9
Job 0001 Updated 27/11/2012
Version Design-1A-RC-001 Reviewed 2/12/2012
Designer Lesego Matojane Reviewer None

5.3 Deflection requirements

The limit for vertical and horizontal deflection is:
Span
δmax =
600
5100
=
600
= 8.5 mm
SANS 10162: Part
1, Table D.1
A prokon analysis shows that for chosen section, the maximum vertical deflection is
7.88 mm and the horizontal deflection is 9.92mm, which is acceptable.

Section meets deflection requirements