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Vektorii
Задаци
4.1. Колинеарност
а⃗ = 4𝑖 - 𝑗
𝑏⃗ = 𝛼𝑖 + 2𝑗
а⃗ = 𝑘𝑏⃗
4i - j = k (αi + 2j)
4i - j = k αi +2kj
4i = k αi
𝟒
4 = k α =>𝛂 = 𝐤
1
-1 = 2 k => k = -
2
а⃗ = -2i + j
⃗ |= 3√5
|b
⃗ | = √bx 2 + by 2 = 3√5
|b
(3√5)2 = bx 2 + by 2
45 = bx 2 + by 2
bx 2 = 45 − by 2 (1)
⃗
а⃗ = kb
-2i + j = k (bx i + by j)
-2i + j = k bx i + k by j
* -2i = k bx i
−2 = k bx /2
4 = k 2 bx 2
4 = 𝐤 𝟐 (45 − by 2 )
* j = k by j
1 = k by
1
k = /2
by
1
k2 =
by 2
1
4 =𝑏 2 (45 - 𝑏𝑦 2 )
𝑦
45 𝑏𝑦 2 45 45
4= 2 - = – 1, =5
𝑏𝑦 𝑏𝑦 2 𝑏𝑦 2 𝑏𝑦 2
by 2 = 9
рјешења:
𝐛 = -6𝐢 + 3𝐣
𝐛 = -6𝐢 - 3𝐣
4.2. Ортогоналност
а⃗ = 3i+4𝑗
𝑏⃗=𝑚𝑖+ 2𝑗
ax = 3
ay = 4
bx = m
by =2
Услов ортогоналности:
а⃗ ∙ 𝑏⃗ = а𝑥 𝑏𝑥 + а𝑦 𝑏𝑦 = 0
а⃗ ∙ ⃗b = 3m + 8 = 0
𝟖
3m = -8 =>m = - 𝟑
А(-1, p)
B(5,4)
C(1,1)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 = (5 – (-1)) 𝑖+ (4 – p) 𝑗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 = 6 𝑖+ (4 – p) 𝑗 =>а𝑥 = 6, а𝑦 = 4 − 𝑝
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (1 – 5) 𝑖+ (1 – 4) 𝑗
𝐵𝐶
6 (-4) + (4 – p) (-3) = 0
-24 – 12 + 3p = 0
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ и 𝐵𝐶
3p = 36 =>p = 12. За параметар p = 12 вектори 𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ су окомити