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Vol. 1 Iss. 2 Jul-Aug 2010

JULY-AUGUST 2010 INSIDE

The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency’s primary

mission is to aid the security agencies by collecting,
analysing and distributing geospatial information.
Susan H. Meisner tells us more.

FEATURED ARTICLES

Building a secure enterprise 23

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Symantec India
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In today’s competitive world, protecting data is one

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Chairman MP Narayanan
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July – August 2010 geoIntelligence

4 NEWS

Smartphones – the latest battle accessory

Farnborough, UK: The rapidly are said to have tested the product and
growing use of sophisticated mobile advised the company accordingly.
applications is giving rise to a world
where smartphones are likely to Each handset, which has a colour
EB Tough VoIP system become the next weapon in the touchscreen, would cost approx.
delivered battlefield arsenal. Raytheon is USD 500 and Raytheon would
reported to be developing software be responsible for providing
EB, Elektrobit Corporation has which would enable a soldier locate the encryption software and
delivered its EB Tough VoIP enemies in his surroundings using a communications system necessary
system to the Finnish Army. The mobile phone. for the application to work in remote
army will commence an extensive areas where signals do not exist.
series of field trials on the system The software would be powerful
during 2010 to evaluate its enough to pick up aerial images from The report further states that the
performance in varying military a satellite or an unmanned aircraft and software would allow soldiers to
scenarios. then focus in on details such as license track each others' movements in the
plates on cars or a person's facial battlefield, and help them identify
EB will work with the Finnish features, reports Reuters. potential enemies in a way similar
Army during various testing to social networking sites such as
phases throughout this year The US Army and the Indian military Facebook.
in order to meet system are potential customers for the
requirements and ensure proper software. In fact, some The company is also planning to
usage. With new components members of US install identity recognition software
such as broadband data Special Forces in the phones which will allow
communications, enhanced teams only select users to unlock
voice over IP services, and them, thus preventing its
advanced functions designed misuse.
specifically for ground forces,
the system provides significant
www.redorbit.com

levels of increased performance

and operational capabilities. In
addition, it enables the Finnish
Defence Forces to take a giant
leap forward on the road to
adopting a Network Centric
Defence model.
EB Tough VoIP can be used
as a stand-alone system, or the
solution units EB Tough VoIP
Terminal and the EB Tough
VoIP Network Extender can be
integrated to a customers' existing
communications infrastructure.
The products can be leveraged in
many ways, including:
· Rugged and secure Voice over
IP (VoIP) clients for military
communications
· Radio over IP (RoIP) clients
· Tactical data radio environment
· Demanding environments
where limitations in
communications can greatly
affect operational capabilities
Northrop to supply navigation systems
Northrop Grumman has been awarded a
contract by the Italian shipyard Fincantieri
to deliver two full navigation suites for the
second pair of U212A class submarines
being built for the Italian Navy.
The navigation suites, comprising
the PL41 Mk4 ring laser gyro inertial
navigation system and the navigation data
controller (NDC), will be supplied by the
company's German navigation systems
subsidiary, Northrop Grumman LITEF.
The PL41 Mk4 is an advanced ring laser
gyro inertial navigation system, suitable
for operating on board modern naval
vessels. The equipment is designed to
provide continuous and automatic data
outputs of ship's heading, attitude and
heave, corresponding rates, geographical
position and velocity information.
The PL41 Mk4 consists of the basic
unit (BU) and a remote control and
display unit (RCDU). The BU is an
environmentally sealed cabinet, which
contains the motion sensitive inertial
sensors, processing electronics, input
and output function, power and
I/O distribution cable harnesses and
supporting electronics. The RCDU is
provided for operator interface.
The navigation data controller (NDC)
functions as a central navigation computer
and interface control, monitoring and
distribution unit, and features dual
redundant ring-bus architecture. A
dedicated intelligent interface reduces the
master processor work load and increases
the data throughput substantially.

geoIntelligence July – August 2010

 5

ComSatBw-2 launched successfully SELEX wins Forza NEC

contract
uninterrupted
communications SELEX Sistemi Integrati, a
between the Finmeccanica company, has
government, signed a contract worth EUR
military authorities 238 million with the Land
and armed forces Armaments General Directorate
www.thalesgroup.com

deployed anywhere - Italian Ministry of Defence to

The second ComSatBw satellite,
designed, built and integrated by
Thales Alenia Space on behalf of
EADS Astrium, was successfully
launched recently.
ComSatBw military communications
satellites deliver key services for the
German armed forces. They provide a
secure broadband network guaranteeing
in the world.
ComSatBw
multi-mission
geostationary
satellites are based on the Thales
Alenia Space Spacebus 3000B2
platform, and carry payloads
comprising SHF (Super-High-
Frequency), and UHF -transponders
(Ultra-High-Frequency) provided
by EADS Astrium. Weighing about
2,500 kg at launch, ComSatBw
satellites offer 3.5 kW of power and a
design life estimated at 15 years.
supply the Italian armed forces
with a digitised system known as
Forza NEC (Network Enabled
Capability). The aim of the Forza
NEC programme is to modernise
the armed forces using technology
that will make it possible to
exchange the maximum amount of
operational, tactical and logistical
information from each vehicle or
individual deployed in the field.
SELEX Sistemi Integrati signed
the five-year contract in its role as
main supplier, system integrator
and lead company in the definition
of the overall system architecture.

Netherlands uses CommBox The programme will also involve

other Finmeccanica companies
After the successful installation and testing, The Royal Netherlands Navy, such as SELEX Communications,
represented by the Netherlands Defense Academy training vessel Van SELEX Galileo, Elsag Datamat,
Kinsbergen, is now using the CommBox solution delivered by Virtek Oto Melara, AgustaWestland and
Communication AS. MBDA Italia. Other members
of the industrial alliance include
“CommBox plays a significant role in our IT/Communication infrastructure and Elettronica, Iveco, Engineering
we chose this system because it gives us control of the data communication. We Ingegneria Informatica, the Iveco-
wanted to provide more communication possibilities for the crew, and due to Oto Melara consortium and the
the high level of control and compression that the CommBox system provides, temporary consortium Soldato
the crew now have the ability to stay connected with their friends and family Futuro.
through roaming e-mail and web surfing,” said Captain Marcel de Wijn.
The contract covers the
manufacture and integration
of command posts in shelters
and vehicles, communication,
command and control devices
for soldiers (under the Soldato
Futuro programme), unmanned
vehicles equipped with sensors,
and systems offering full
interoperability between the Italian
armed forces and the forces of
other countries. A test laboratory
consisting of numerous military
centres connected in a network
www.virtek.no

will also be constructed and

delivered.

July – August 2010 geoIntelligence

6

Lockheed to supply airborne surveillance system

Lockheed Martin has been awarded a
four-year contract to supply the Finnish
Air Force with an airborne surveillance
system and associated ground
systems. The value of this contract is
approximately USD 100 million.
Under this agreement, Lockheed
Martin will modify an EADS
CASA C-295 turboprop aircraft
to accommodate an advanced
Courtesy: Lockheed Martin
surveillance system. A key attribute
of the system will be an open and
modular architecture to allow
future system upgrades to be easily
added and readily reconfigured to
support evolving mission needs. This
approach ensures an up-to-date system
throughout the life cycle using an
innovative technology road mapping
process. Lockheed Martin’s team will
also provide ground stations and
communications terminals to support
the airborne system.
Lockheed Martin which will work
closely with Finnish Industry, will
be supported by Patria Oy, Rockwell
Collins, DRS Technologies, Applied
Signal Technology, AdamWorks,
and L3 Communications in this
programme.

EADS to implement RIFAN

programme
After being awarded the RIFAN stage
2 contract in 2008 and completing
the preliminary design phase, EADS
Defence & Security and its consortium
have received the go-ahead from the
French defence procurement agency
DGA to implement the system and
provide initial support. While EADS
Defence & Security is the prime con-
tractor, DCNS and Rohde & Schwarz
are co-contractors for the project.
Valued at approx EUR 50 million, the
objective of this contract is to design,
implement and deploy an updated
version of the IP communication
network for the French Naval Aviation
force. It includes an initial three-year
on-condition maintenance (OCM)
agreement and identifies conditional
phases of recurrent annual OCM over
five supplementary years.
RIFAN stage 2 is part of a logic for
digitising the operational space of the
French Naval Aviation force and is
one of the steps in the ongoing process
to improve the force’s information
exchange capabilities.
New system for tactical
communication
Raytheon is introducing the new Enhanced
Mobile Ad-Hoc Network Radio System
(EMARS) to provide netted communications and
tactical data for coalition interoperability.
Available for coalition forces, EMARS delivers easy-to-use
and proven capabilities for seamless coalition use on vehicular
and dismounted applications.
EMARS brings together Raytheon's proven Enhanced Position
Location Reporting System-XF-I and MicroLight DH500
handheld radio and leverages the company's integral MANET
(mobile ad-hoc networking) technology. The tactical system
automatically and continually adapts to network changes,
including those in challenging urban environments. It
provides a wireless, Internet Protocol capability network
that implements Advanced Encryption Standard
encryption over an extended frequency range.
The system also uses the most advanced
EPLRS waveform available for simultaneous
voice, video, data and critical position
location information. With more than
25,000 units fielded across the US armed
services, Canada and Australia, EPLRS
is one of the most widely used tactical
wireless networks today.

geoIntelligence July – August 2010

 7

Rockwell Collins to provide Ground System

Rockwell Collins, along with team
members BAE Systems AeI and Insta
DefSec Oy, has been selected by the
Finnish Air Force to provide a Link
16 ground system that will allow the
establishment, control and operation
of Link 16 networks. The system will
support timely exchange of command
and control information and situational
data between the Air Defence Command
and Control system, aircraft and other
Link 16-equipped assets. It will also
provide intelligent control of multiple
Link 16 networks across the country.
"This technology will provide the Finnish
Air Force with key networking capability
that will enable pilots to identify friendly
and enemy aircraft while enhancing
command and control for greater mission
success," said Alan Caslavka, vice president
and general manager of Command,
Control, Communications and Intelligence
Solutions for Rockwell Collins.
A key component in the Link 16 ground
system is the Rockwell Collins Rosetta
technology, which simplifies sensor
and data link management, providing
enhanced situational awareness for
successful tactical operations. Equally
integral to the team's solution is BAE
Systems AeI's world leading Link 16
network management capability. The in-
country integrated support solution will
be supplied by the third team member,
Insta Defsec Oy.

AW and Thales unveil enhanced ASaC

AgustaWestland, a Finmeccanica
company, and Thales recently unveiled
an enhanced Airborne Surveillance
and Control (ASaC) capability.
The low cost, low risk capability
builds upon the combat proven Sea
King Mk7 ASaC Cerberus mission
system and Searchwater 2000 radar,
to provide enhanced operational
effectiveness through the use of the
next generation AgustaWestland
AW101 helicopter. AgustaWestland
and Thales have teamed up to explore
the potential for this capability in
advance of the keenly expected MoD
requirement to replace the Sea King
Mk7 ASaC aircraft after its planned
retirement in 2016.
successful ASaC platform which
has proved itself over land and sea.
Thales looks forward to working with
AgustaWestland to develop a proposal
to transfer our Cerberus mission
system to the AW101 platform. I am
confident this will offer our customer a
low cost, low risk method of delivering
ASaC well into the future with no
capability gap”.
The palletised Searchwater 2000 radar
is deployed through the rear ramp
aperture when in operation and stows
in the cabin when not in use, enabling
rapid transit between tasking. Two
aft-facing modernised mission crew
stations are located at the forward
end of the cabin. The following key
features and benefits are also included:
• Long range, look up/look down air,
land and sea capability
• Human Machine Interface
optimised for two man operation
• Fully integrated Link 16 Command
and Control capability
• Modern platform extends
360 degree radar horizon and
significantly increases mission range
and endurance
The palletised ASaC equipment also
enables a front line re-role capability
delivering greater aircraft utility.

Nick Whitney, Senior VP

UK Government Business
Unit, AgustaWestland,
said “The AgustaWestland
solution will deliver an
enhanced, cost effective
and low risk capability
which exemplifies the role
of an ASaC capability fit
for the 21st century. The
solution we have developed
capitalises on the substantial
investment already made
by the MoD in both the
helicopter and the excellent
Thales Cerberus mission
system and radar.” Ed
Lowe, Chief Operating
Officer of Thales UK said,
“Sea King Mk 7 is a highly

July – August 2010 geoIntelligence

8
Radio with integrated GPS
EADS Defence
& Security
www.wireless2way.com.au
recently
introduced
its Fortecor
TEDS radio.
Designed for
vehicle, office
or integrated use, the compact TEDS
data radio provides unprecedented
possibilities for integration and
connectivity. These include the direct
Lockheed to compete
for Common Computing
Environment
Lockheed Martin is one of the
companies selected by the Space and
Naval Warfare Systems Command
(SPAWAR) to compete for future
orders under the Common Afloat
Local Area Network Infrastructure
(CALI) indefinite delivery,
indefinite quantity (IDIQ) multiple
award contracts.
geoIntelligence
IP (Internet Protocol) connectivity via
Ethernet as well as via standard USB. For
traditional use, input and output lines
as well as serial port connections are also
available.
The new radio with integrated GPS
enables high speed location based services
such as transmission of maps with
real-time updated position information
for enhanced situational awareness.
For example, the product can help a
Lockheed Martin will compete for
orders within the contract ceiling
of USD 502 million from 2010
through 2017, inclusive of a four
year option period.
Under the CALI IDIQ, contractors
will sustain Navy computing
network systems for the next
seven years until the Navy’s new
Consolidated Afloat Network
Enterprise Services (CANES)
programme is operational. CALI
provides command, control,
computing, communication
and intelligence support for US
Navy ships and submarines. The
contract covers the procurement of
common computing environment
components, integrated logistics
support,
configuration
management, test
and evaluation,
quality assurance
and installation
support.
For the CALI
programme,
Lockheed
Martin has
partnered with
small businesses
in San Diego,
including Epsilon
Systems, System
Technology
Institute, and
BlueTech, Inc.
rescue operation's leader receive floor
plans or real time video from the target
destination on his mobile computer.
"I'm proud of this major achievement:
delivering our promise and bringing the
world's first TEDS radio available to the
market, a radio that transforms TETRA
to a mission critical data service," said
Dirk Borkchardt, Head of Security &
Communication Solutions at EADS
Defence & Security.
Boeing bids for US Army's
EMARSS
The Boeing Company has submitted a
proposal to deliver an affordable airborne
intelligence collection, processing and
targeting support system to the US
Army. The Enhanced Medium-Altitude
Reconnaissance and Surveillance System
(EMARSS) is being procured by the
Army’s Programme Executive Office
(PEO) for intelligence, electronic warfare
and sensors.
The Army's EMARSS request for
proposals calls for a persistent capability
to detect, locate, classify/identify, and
track surface targets in day or night, near-
all-weather conditions with a high degree
of timeliness and accuracy. The service is
expected to announce the award in late
September.
“Boeing has a deep appreciation for
the challenges soldiers face in Iraq and
Afghanistan and understands the critical
and urgent capability that EMARSS
will bring into theater,” said Dennis
Muilenburg, President and CEO, Boeing
Defense, Space & Security.
The EMARSS system will consist of a
commercial derivative aircraft equipped
with an electro-optic/infrared full
motion video sensor, a communications
intelligence collection system, an aerial
precision guidance system, line-of-
site tactical and beyond line-of-site
communications suites, two operator
workstations and a self-protection suite.
EMARSS will operate as a single platform
in support of tactical missions.
July – August 2010

Lockheed to produce equipment for AMF JTRS
Lockheed Martin has received
additional contract options that increase
the quantity of equipment being
produced for the Airborne, Maritime/
Fixed Station Joint Tactical Radio
System (AMF JTRS). AMF JTRS is an
encrypted Internet-Protocol network
Finmeccanica awarded EUR 180 million contracts
Finmeccanica has been awarded
contracts worth EUR 180 million
(approx) through its companies
SELEX Sistemi Integrati,
AgustaWestland and Telespazio.
As per the agreement, Finmeccanica
companies will develop a national
security and surveillance system for
the Republic of Panama, that is,
a coastal monitoring and control
system to be developed by SELEX
Sistemi Integrati and the supply
of six AgustaWestland AW139
helicopters in various configurations
for the Panamanian National
Aeronaval Service. In addition,
Telespazio, through its subsidiary
company Telespazio Argentina, will
provide the digital cartography of
www.finmeccanica.com
July – August 2010
that will provide joint forces
with seamless, secure, wideband
mobile communications.
To date, the total for exercised
contract options for additional
AMF JTRS equipment is
approximately USD 35 million.
Under these options, exercised
by the US Army and the US
Air Force, Lockheed Martin
team will produce more than
150 pieces of additional equipment,
including pre-production small
airborne radio models, management
and control units, power amplifiers and
radio ancillaries. The team includes
BAE Systems, General Dynamics,
Northrop Grumman and Raytheon.
the whole country for the Tommy
Guardia National Geographic
Institute.
The contract is the result of an
agreement signed by Italian Prime
Minister Silvio Berlusconi and
the President of the Republic of
Panama Ricardo Martinelli at the
summit of member countries of the
Central American Integration System
(SICA) recently. The two leaders
had agreed to work together in their
fight against organised crime and
drug-trafficking.
Pier Francesco Guarguaglini,
Chairman and CEO of
Finmeccanica, said, “It constitutes a
reference model for the integration
of systems and platforms built by
the group that will affect the entire
Central and South American region
and is one of the most advanced
high-tech and commercial offer
in the world in the area of border
security and the fight against
organised crime.”
9
Once completely fielded, AMF JTRS
will link more than 100 platforms,
providing connectivity to areas where
no communication infrastructure
previously existed.
Since its capability is defined digitally
in software, and signal processing is
handled by a programmable computer,
AMF JTRS can interface with legacy
radios, waveforms and systems.
Waveforms slated to be integrated
into the AMF JTRS network include
Wideband Networking Waveform,
Soldier Radio Waveform, Mobile User
Objective System, UHF SATCOM,
Link-16, Single Channel Ground-Air
Radio System, HAVEQUICK I/II,
VHF FM, UHF line-of-sight AM, and
UHF FM/PSK/CPM.
Lockheed develops tactical
handheld device
Lockheed Martin has developed a
ruggedised, tactical handheld device for
dismounted soldiers. The Tactical Digital
Assistant (TDA) provides unprecedented
situational awareness, command
and control, and blue force tracking
capabilities to brigade and below forces.
TDA allows dismounted soldiers to
maintain secure communications and
exchange vital position and situational
awareness data with mounted forces in
an operational environment. Its intuitive
user interface supports shared full motion
video and sensor command and control.
Unlike similar commercial technology, the
TDA’s ruggedised design can withstand
harsh operational environments.
The TDA interfaces with both fielded
US Army Force XXI Battle Command
Brigade and Below (FBCB2) and
emerging Joint Battle Command-
Platform systems. An open architecture
provides flexibility for future growth,
including new applications and increased
memory requirements. The TDA is
compatible with current FBCB2 software
and provides the flexibility to host the
Google Android operating system.
geoIntelligence
10
Northrop selected for Joint
Logistics System
Northrop Grumman has received
a delivery order under the Encore
II contracting vehicle to advance
interoperability between combat support
(CS) and command and control (C2)
systems and produce an integrated
picture of the battlespace for the
combatant command and joint task force
commanders to plan, execute and control
logistics operations.
Northrop Grumman was awarded a
cost plus award fee/firm fixed-price
delivery order contract from the Defense
Information Systems Agency (DISA) with
the initial award of USD 15 million and
options that, if exercised, would raise the
total value to more than USD 95 million.
The contract has one-year base period and
four one-year award terms.
Under the contract, Northrop Grumman
will manage development and continue
transitioning the GCSS-J application to
a service-oriented architecture to improve
capabilities and provide dynamic
interoperability, allowing information
sharing in near-real time, between joint
CS and C2 systems including Network
Centric Enterprise Services (NCES).
Its team will develop software and as
system integrator, integrate third-party
developed software, commercial-off-the-
shelf software, and open source software
onto a secure data center system.
The team will also incorporate legacy
data sources to provide joint logistics
situational awareness in a common
knowledge management environment.
Harris selected for MET
programme
Harris Corporation has received an order
for advanced satellite terminals under the
US Army's Modernisation of Enterprise
Terminals (MET) programme. The order
is worth USD 55 million.
According to company, these
next-generation military satellite
www.parvus.com
communications terminals will provide
the worldwide backbone for high-priority
military communications and missile
defense systems.
geoIntelligence
Harris is the prime contractor for the Defense Communications and Army
Indefinite Delivery/Indefinite Quantity Transmission Systems (PM DCATS),
MET contract with a five-year base period Harris will replace up to 80 AN/
plus a five-year option period. The MET GSC-52, AN/GSC-39, AN/FSC-
contract is valued at a potential USD 600 78 and other aging strategic satellite
million, including the base and option communications terminals with new
periods. This brings total MET orders X-band or simultaneous X- and Ka-band
for Harris to USD 153 million since the terminals. The terminals will interface
programme was awarded in April 2009. with the new Wideband Global Satellite
constellation, as well as with legacy
Under this contract, Harris will supply satellite systems. The company also
additional terminals — large fixed will support field activities such as site
terminals, large fixed terminals with preparation, installation, test, operations
High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse and maintenance.
(HEMP) protection, and transportable
terminals of the standard and hardened Integral Systems awarded US
configurations. The order also includes contract
four options that would encompass new
development of a small fixed terminal, Integral Systems recently announced
a large fixed radome, an enhanced that its wholly-owned subsidiary,
interactive electronic technical manual, RT Logic has been awarded USD
and training simulation hardware. 13.1 million, multi-year contract
by the United States Government
Under the MET programme, to modernise a major data
managed by the Project Manager, communications network.
AAVs upgraded
Parvus recently announced that its DuraMAR 1000 routers and DuraNET
2955 Ethernet switches are now installed in an Amphibious Assault Vehicle
(AAV) in support of a SPAWARSYSCEN Atlantic / US Navy technology refresh
programme to enhance onboard vehicle network-centric capabilities. The units
were shipped last year.
Both the DuraMAR and the DuraNET 2955 Ethernet switch subsystems are
ruggedised versions of Commercial off the Shelf (COTS) Cisco Systems 3230
and 2955 Series products. These units leverage best in class mobile network
routing and Ethernet switch technology from Cisco to deliver secure data, voice
and video communications to stationary and mobile network nodes across wired
and wireless networks and/or in-vehicle network communications. Both units
feature a hardened aluminum chassis with MIL-C-38999 connectors and MIL-
STD-810F environmental compliance to extreme temperature, shock, vibration,
and other conditions common to military deployments.
July – August 2010

RT Logic will supply its T500MX
multiplexers, which are designed to
interface legacy digital and analog signals
to modern network backbones.
RT Logic's COTS server-based multiplexer
systems are widely deployed by NASA, the
Department of Defense (DoD) and other
critical availability networks.
Intergraph expands its
platform
Intergraph has expanded its Motion
Video Exploitation solution, a powerful
platform that enables defence and
military analysts to geospatially integrate
video with multiple intelligence sources
to provide situational awareness and
actionable intelligence.
Intergraph GeoMedia Motion Video
Analyst Professional, a full-motion video
analysis product, empowers military,
coalition forces and agencies to exploit
and analyse full motion video from UAVs
and other moving vehicles, and combines
with image analysis and surface analysis
products to provide unprecedented
situational awareness and strategic
decision making capabilities.
Raytheon to advance Patriot capabilities
Raytheon has been awarded a contract
to supply spares for the existing Patriot
systems. The agreement is part of
upgrades to Configuration-3 of the
Patriot Air and Missile Defence System
for Taiwan and Kuwait.
The contract, worth USD 73 million,
is the first of its kind for international
Patriot partners and combines the spares
requirements of both countries, Taiwan
and Kuwait. The spares will support the
upgrade and operation of existing Patriot
systems fielded by both countries.
This deal from the US Army
and Missile Command,
Redstone Arsenal, is the
Courtesy: Raytheon
fourth order placed as
part of a five-year
Basic Ordering
Agreement for
July – August 2010
The Motion Video Exploitation solution
allows users to geospatially integrate
full-motion video with multiple sources
of intelligence data and facilitates
the analysis of all types of geospatial
intelligence including raster maps, vector
data, motion video, satellite imagery and
signal intelligence. Additionally, users’
clipmarks and annotations are stored
within the system allowing for easy
retrieval, based on a query of location,
time or any attribute of the video.
With the Motion Video Exploitation
solution, agencies can integrate and fuse
full motion video with other data formats
to generate a complete, three-dimensional
operational picture.
CapRock wins USD 47 million
contracts
CapRock Government Solutions has been
awarded four multimillion dollar contracts
to provide managed network services
and more than 400MHz of commercial
satellite capacity to four separate US
Government agencies. The contracts run
through 2013 and include requirements
for bandwidth, teleport and backhaul
services on Ku and X-band networks.
Foreign Military Sales of Patriot-system
spares.
Raytheon IDS is the prime
contractor for both domestic and
international Patriot Air and
Missile Defense Systems and
system integrator for Patriot
Advanced Capability-3
missiles.
11
Services provided by CapRock will be
used to support a range of missions
including airborne intelligence,
surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR),
tactical field-deployed communications
and continuity of operations. The
company manages a network of 4GHz
of capacity on 63 satellites and operates
four self-owned teleports in North and
South America, Europe, and Asia. To
support the global operations of its
clients, the company runs eleven regional
support centers and four Network
Operations Centers in different parts of
the world.
CapRock offers its comprehensive
value-added products and services
under a variety of contract vehicles
including all four current satellite
services contracts (DSTS-G, GSA,
INMARSAT and SATCOM-II) that
will eventually fold into the upcoming
Future Commercial Satcom Acquisition
(FCSA) programme.
SAIC awarded Technology
Expertise Contract
Science Applications International
Corporation (SAIC) has been awarded
a contract by the US Department of
Defense (DoD), Defense Technical
Information Center (DTIC), to
provide technical services to help secure
mission critical data and strengthen
sharing capabilities of DoD and other
government agencies. The multiple award,
indefinite-delivery, indefinite-quantity
contract has a one-year base period of
performance, four one-year options and a
ceiling value of USD 2 billion.
Under the Software, Networks,
Information and Modeling and
Simulation contract, the SAIC SNIM
Team, inclusive of key large and small
businesses and academic centers of
excellence, will deliver software data
and analysis, information assurance,
modelling and simulation, knowledge
management and information sharing
services.
"SAIC has a long history of providing
support to research, development, and
test and evaluation activities," said Larry
Cox, SAIC Senior Vice President and
geoIntelligence
12
Business Unit General Manager. "The
services we provide under this contract
will support these important efforts in
the defence community, and help meet
an expanding need to integrate, share and
secure data used to meet national security
objectives."
Esri and NGA form alliance
Esri and the National Geospatial-
Intelligence Agency (NGA) recently
announced the formation of a strategic
alliance to strengthen national
geospatial intelligence (GEOINT)
capabilities. The alliance will provide a
framework to advance the strategic goals
and objectives of the National System
for Geospatial Intelligence (NSG) in
Boeing begins flight-testing B-1
Boeing recently announced the
start of flight tests for a B-1 Lancer
bomber upgraded with new digital
avionics for the aft cockpit, including
a line-of-sight Link 16 data link.
The B-1 Fully Integrated Data Link
(FIDL) made its first flight test at
Edwards Air Force Base, California.
The four-hour flight was conducted
by the US Air Force.
The crew successfully tested the Link
16 data link by sending and receiving
text messages and receiving virtual
www.wikipedia.org
geoIntelligence
geospatial sciences and systems and
computer science.
“We have successfully collaborated with
the NGA for more than two decades,” said
Jack Dangermond, Esri president. “This
new initiative will permit us to continue
work together on projects that will use and
improve on geospatial technology, thereby
strengthening our country’s national
security. We are honoured to partner with
NGA in this important endeavour.”
The NSG is a unified community
of GEOINT experts, producers and
users organised around the goal of
integrating technology, policies,
capabilities, and doctrine to produce
GEOINT in a multi-intelligence
mission assignment data such as target
coordinates for a weapon.
Link 16 adds line-of-sight capability
to the B-1's existing beyond line-
of-sight Joint Range Extension
Applications Protocol (JREAP) data
link, and integrates the JREAP data
onto new, full-colour displays with
intuitive symbols and moving maps.
"Link 16 will allow the B-1 to be
an active participant in a network
that is commonly used by fighter,
environment. The NGA, as the
functional manager for the NSG,
provides strategic thinking, guidance
and direction to the intelligence
community concerning all aspects
of GEOINT, from acquisition to
utilisation. The NGA collaborates
with its mission partners to ensure
that accurate and timely GEOINT is a
part of decision making and operations
where and when it is needed.
The agreement underscores the critical
role geospatial technology plays in
GEOINT within the national security
community, which provides geographic
information system (GIS) products,
services and analysis to intelligence
officers and decision makers.
reconnaissance and command-and-
control aircraft," said Mark Angelo,
B-1 programme manager for Boeing.
"With Link 16, target coordinates
can be sent directly to the weapon
system from ground troops or
forward operating bases, instead
of the current method, where crew
members type the coordinates in by
hand after hearing them over the
radio."
The entire Air Force fleet of 66 B-1s is
expected to receive the FIDL upgrade.
July – August 2010

Design for key subsystem completed
A s leader for the Warfighter
Information Network –
Tactical (WIN-T) Increment 3
Transmission Subsystem, Lockheed
Martin has successfully completed
a n In Process Review (IPR) for the
c ritical design of the next phase
of the Increment 3 Transmission
Subsystem. Increment 3 continues
d evelopment of the components
n eeded to meet the full range of
n etwork capacity, security, and
full on-the-move capabilities for
t he Army’s modular force. The
t ransmission subsystem provides
t he foundation for the network’s
d ynamic capability to transfer
d ata over a highly dispersed, non-
cont
co ntig
igguo
uous
us are
reaa .
July – August 2010
This review assessed design
maturity of all hardware, software,
and firmware elements of the
Transmission Subsystem, which
includes advanced components
for both satellite and terrestrial
communications at-the-halt and
on-the-move (multi-channel radios,
antennas, and communications
waveforms). With the completion
of this IPR, the team moves
into the build and test phase
for the Transmission Subsystem
components that form the
tactical communications network.
General Dynamics C4 Systems
is the prime systems integrator
for WIN-T whose team members
incl
in clud
udee Lo
Lock
ckhe
heed
ed Mar
arti
tin
n, BAE
13
Systems, Harris Corporation, L-3
Communications, Cisco Systems
and Juniper Networks.
The WIN-T programme consists
of four increments. Increment 1
is the Army’s enterprise network
for deployed forces. Increment 2
enables initial mobile networking
for divisions, brigade combat teams,
battalions and companies. Increment
3 connects a three-tiered architecture;;
traditional line-of-sight, airborne
and satellites to provide a full suite
of mobile networking capabilities.
Increment 4 is envisioned to add
protected satellite transmission
capabilities for on-the-move and at-
the-
th e-ha
halt
lt ope
p ra
rati
tion
onss.
geoIntelligence
14
Satellites successfully track Interceptor
The Space Tracking and Surveillance
System (STSS) Demonstration
satellites, built by
Northrop
Grumman
and
Raytheon,
successfully
detected
and tracked
ARTEMIS for military use
Raytheon's hyperspectral imaging
sensor, ARTEMIS is being prepared
for a ‘first-of-its-kind’ tactical military
role by the Air Force Space Command.
The company's Advanced Responsive
Tactically Effective Military Imaging
Spectrometer has successfully
completed its one-year experimental
mission aboard the Air Force Research
Laboratory's Tactical Satellite-3.
Based on the success of that mission,
Raytheon has been notified that the
Air Force Space Command will take
control of TacSat-3 with the intent
to use ARTEMIS in an operational
capacity.
“The ARTEMIS hyperspectral
imager gives military commanders
an important new advantage in the
asymmetric battlefield,” said Bill Hart,
vice president for Raytheon Space
Systems. “ARTEMIS can detect various
man-made and natural materials, which
adds a fundamentally new capability
for the DoD.”
Unlike visible imagers, hyperspectral
sensors capture light across a wide
swath of the electromagnetic spectrum,
providing unprecedented spectral
detail. That spectral information
produces a distinct ‘signature’, which
can be compared against the spectral
signatures of known objects to rapidly
identify potential areas of interest.
The ARTEMIS hyperspectral imager
geoIntelligence
a two-stage Ground-Based Interceptor
(GBI) during a US Missile Defence
Agency flight test.
Tracking data generated by the
satellite sensors were transmitted
to the Missile Defense Integration
and Operation Center in Colorado
Springs, Colorado, which serves
as the ground station for the two
demonstration spacecraft.
combines spectral information with
geo-location coordinates in an easy-to-
read map. This information is then sent
directly to troops on the ground in near
real time.
“Air Force Space Command looks
forward to taking ownership of the
TacSat-3 ARTEMIS system,” said Lt.
Col. Ryan Pendleton, Air Force Space
Command, Chief, Operationally
Responsive Space Integration. “We plan
to operationalise the system as soon
as possible to provide direct benefit to
warfighters.”
TacSat-3 originated as part of the US
Department of Defense's operationally
responsive space initiative,
which seeks to give field
commanders flexible,
affordable options for
obtaining real-time
tactical surveillance data
from space. Aided by the
ORS Office, and led by
the Air Force Research
Laboratory, the TacSat-3
programme was designed
to demonstrate the
feasibility of developing
and launching a military
payload within extremely
tight schedule and budget
constraints.
“TacSat-3 has been a
pathfinder to explore
The missile tracking capability
being demonstrated by the STSS
Demonstration programme will mature
technologies and concepts of operation
for an operational constellation. The
operational constellation will be designed
to enable earlier intercepts of threat
missiles in flight and to significantly
improve the nation's missile defence
capabilities for its homeland, deployed
forces, friends and allies.
concepts of operation for future ORS
systems and demonstrates how great
things can be achieved on a small
budget and in a short time,” said Dr.
Peter Wegner, director of the Pentagon’s
ORS Office. “It has also demonstrated
the utility of hyperspectral information
to benefit soldiers, sailors, airmen and
marines around the world.”
Raytheon is discussing with several
government customers opportunities
for rapidly deploying additional
hyperspectral space sensors. “Based
on our experience on TacSat-3, we're
ready to build operational hyperspectral
systems like ARTEMIS quickly and
affordably,” said Hart.
www.losangeles.af.mil
July – August 2010
 15

Paramilitary receives GIS training

The Disaster Management Studies Centre,

BAE to open office in Jordan
BAE Systems will open an office in the
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan to support
its ongoing business with the Jordanian
Armed Forces and collaborative activities
with the King Abdullah Design and
Development Bureau (KADDB).
The office will complement the network
of offices the company operates across the
region and will be used as the focal point
for business in Jordan and neighbouring
countries. The office is expected to be
fully operational by the end of the year.
Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University
(GGSIPU), New Delhi, recently completed
five-day training course of paramilitary forces.
The course involved satellite data reading
and interpretation of GIS for areas and rocky
terrains. The batch comprised about 30 officers
mainly drawn from CRPF, ITBP and BSF. The
training is likely to benefit paramilitary forces
who are fighting Naxals in the thick jungles
and other inhospitable terrains.
Currently, the CRPF, BSF and ITBP are
the three paramilitary forces engaged in
fighting Maoists and the lack of knowledge
of topography and geographical features are
hindering their operations.

Thales’s Satcom for Korea

Thales and Samsung Thales have been
selected by the German submarine
shipbuilder HDW as the providers
of the X-band Satcom Terminal for
the six Type 214 submarines to be
delivered to the Republic of Korea’s
Navy as part of the KSS II Batch 2
programme.
Thales will export its most advanced
SATCOM technology for submarines
application to its partner, Samsung
Thales, providing the key elements of
the outboard unit to be installed on
the top of the Type 214 SATCOM
communication mast. The Satcom
terminal delivers high tracking
performances even in extreme
environment. It also guarantees high-
level integrated communications,
offering the latest innovations in terms
of data rate requirements for voice and
data transmission.
The delivered system is issued from
Thales’s DIVESAT technology and
belongs to the second generation
of submarine Satcom Terminals
manufactured by Thales. It is available
in two versions, one fitted with a 40
cm antenna and the other fitted with
a 75 cm antenna, both addressing the
market of new submarines as well as
the retrofit market. The two of them
are capable of operation at different
frequency bands (X, Ku, Ka or EHF)
and can deliver unprecedented data
throughput capabilities to navies,
worldwide. The DIVESAT solution
follows the former generation
introduced in the late 1980s, which
has demonstrated decades of trouble-
free operation.
www.militaryphotos.net

July – August 2010 geoIntelligence

16
Andrei Ghergar (www.sxc.hu)
Praetorian and Savi join hands
Praetorian has contracted with
Lockheed Martin’s Savi Technology to
leverage Savi’s existing wireless cargo
tracking network in Pakistan.
Praetorian plans
to integrate
Savi’s real-
time
Robert Linder (www.sxc.hu)
geoIntelligence
India to invest USD 80 bn in defence: Report
India is likely to spend about
USD 80 billion on defence
acquisitions in the next five
years (2010-15). While
developed economies like
the UK and the US are
cutting their expenditure
on defence in 2010-11,
India's spending in this
regard is budgeted at
USD32 billion. These are
some of the findings of the
report published by Deloitte.
"The sheer volume of planned
expenditure is expected to create
new opportunities for global
aerospace and defence (A&D)
companies, as total spending will
grow in absolute terms," said
Kumar Kandaswami, Deloitte
information into its own system as
a value-added service to improve
visibility on location, security and
condition of both defence and
commercial shipments transported
throughout the country. Savi’s software
is effective in performing these
functions as it can receive real-time
(India) Leader Manufacturing
Industry.
"Decrease in defence spending by
developed countries would require
smarter use of the remaining funds
in order to develop and deploy the
technologies needed to counter
more sophisticated adversaries,"
said General Charles Wald,
Deloitte LLP Director and Senior
Advisor to the A&D sector.
The report also noted that defence
companies are generating new
revenues from sources like mission
capability software integration,
battle space simulation, precision
engagement, threat identification,
and energy and infrastructure
security, among others.
data from wireless monitoring devices
affixed to containers or assets. Its
active Radio Frequency Identification
(RFID) tags can be equipped with
sensors to monitor security breaches,
temperature or humidity, and can be
linked with Satellite Communications
or Global Positioning (GPS) systems to
provide continuous visibility anywhere,
anytime.
July – August 2010

UK
Army gets new boss
www.rusi.org
General Sir Peter Wall will be the new
Chief of the General Staff. He will take
over from General Sir David Richards in
September this year.
Gen Wall joined the Army in 1974
with the Royal Engineers (RE) before
studying engineering at Cambridge. He
saw early service in Belize, Rhodesia,
Germany and Hong Kong. Staff
posts included Chief of Staff of 5
Airborne Brigade, a Military Adviser
post in MOD, Project Manager in
Abbey Wood, Chief of Staff of the
UK National Contingent HQ for Op
TELIC 1, and Deputy Chief of Joint
Operations (Ops) in the Permanent
Joint Headquarters. In July 2009 he
moved from Deputy Chief of the
Defence Staff (Operations) in MOD to
Commander-in-Chief Land Forces in
Wilton.
INDIA
Lt Gen Vinod Nayanar
appointed DG Artillery
Lt Gen Vinod Nayanar, AVSM assumed
charge as Director General (Artillery) on
1 August, 2010. He took over from Lt
Gen KR Rao, PVSM, AVSM, VSM who
retired on 31 July 2010.
Lt Gen Nayanar held many prestigious
command and staff positions besides
serving in various capacities in counter
insurgency environment in J&K. While
at the Integrated Headquarters of
Ministry of Defence (Army), he served
in Directorate of Financial Planning and
July – August 2010
Military Secretary Branch. Before taking
up his new assignment, Lt Gen Nayanar
was the General Officer in Commandant
School of Artillery.
PAKISTAN
Navy appoints commander
logistics
Rear Admiral Khalid Amin is the new
Commander Logistics of the Pakistan
Navy (PN). Acccording to Daily
Courtesy: NGA
Times, Amin would be in charge of all
construction and repair facilities, logistic
units and depots.
Rear Admiral Amin, a graduate of the
PN War College and National Defence
College, Islamabad, was commissioned
in the engineering branch of the
navy in 1975. Since then, he has held
several command and staff positions,
including Captain Fleet Maintenance
Group, Fleet Marine Engineering
Officer, Director Ship Maintenance and
Repairs Assistant, Chief of Naval Staff
(Maintenance) and Managing Director
PN Dockyard. His major appointments
are Director General Defence Purchase
at Ministry of Defence Production and
Director General Maritime Technologies
Complex. In recognition of his services,
Amin has been awarded Sitara-i-Imtiaz
(Military).
PHILIPPINES
New army chief appointed
Major General Arturo B. Ortiz has been
appointed as the new commanding
general of the Philippine Army. Ortiz
took over from Lt. Gen. Reynaldo
Mapagu, who has been promoted as Vice
Chief of Staff of Armed Forces of the
Philippines (AFP). Ortiz is the 53rd chief
of the Army, the main force of AFP.
Prior to this appointment, Ortiz was the
Commander of the Special Operations
Command (SOCOM) of the Philippine
Army. A member of the Philippine
Military Academy (PMA), Ortiz has
received many medals – prominent among
them is the Medal for Valor, which he
received in 1990. The Medal of Valor is the
highest military award given by the AFP.
NEW APPOINTM ENTS 17
US
NGA gets new Director
Letitia A. Long has been appointed as the
new Director of the National Geospatial-
Intelligence Agency (NGA). Long succeeds
Vice Adm. Robert B. Murrett.
The Director of NGA serves as both the
DNI’s (Director of National Intelligence)
principal advisor and the Intelligence
Community’s functional manager for
geospatial intelligence.
Long began her federal civilian career with
the Navy in 1978 as a project engineer in
training with the David Taylor Research
Center. She then joined the staff of the
Director of Naval Intelligence where
she managed Intelligence Research and
Development programmes.
Long was selected into the senior
intelligence executive service in 1994.
For two years, she was on rotational
assignment from Office of Naval
Intelligence (ONI) to the Defense
Intelligence Agency (DIA) as director of
military intelligence staff director. In 1996,
she joined DIA as the deputy director for
information systems and services. She was
also DIA’s first Chief Information Officer.
She also served in the positions of deputy
director of Naval Intelligence (2000-2003)
and the director of Central Intelligence’s
Executive Director for Intelligence
Community Affairs (1998-2000). Long
was the deputy under secretary of Defense
for Policy, Requirements and Resources
from 2003 until 2006. She most recently
served as the deputy director of the
Defense Intelligence Agency from 2006 to
2010.
geoIntelligence
18 INTERVIEW

The United States romance with geospatial

Susan H. Meisner
Media Relations
Public Affairs Office
National Geospatial-
Intelligence Agency
Above: The InnoVision Directorate at NGA’s
Persistent Surveillance Lab provides a highly
collaborative and flexible environment geared to
support multiple agencies. Pictured here is an
example of an immersive exploitation work station.
world began almost a century back. It was
during World War I that aerial photography
was recognised as a major contributor in
gaining battlefield intelligence. Soon, it led to
the birth of a different genre of information
combining the techniques of imagery
and mapping. Sensing the opportunity,
US military was quick to form dedicated
units to gather geographic intelligence or
geointelligence. So while army formed
Army Map Service (AMS) (which was later
renamed US Army Topographic Command
(USATC)), Air Force established its Map
Unit, which was renamed Aeronautical
Chart Plant (ACP) and gradually became
the US Air Force Aeronautical Chart and
Information Center (ACIC). It was only

geoIntelligence July – August 2010


in 1972 that the United States decided to
consolidate all its military mapping activities
under the Defense Mapping Agency (DMA).
With changing times and tremendous progress
in technology, a need was felt to centralise
responsibility for imagery and mapping. On 1
October 1996, National Imagery and Mapping
Agency (NIMA) was established by the National
Defense Authorisation Act for Fiscal Year 1997.
NIMA brought together different organisations
involved in this sector – the DMA, the Central
Imagery Office (CIO), and the Defense
Dissemination Programme Office (DDPO),
and National Photographic Interpretation
Center (NPIC). The imagery exploitation,
dissemination and processing elements of
the Defense Intelligence Agency, National
Reconnaissance Office and the Defense Airborne
Reconnaissance Office were also merged into
NIMA.
Post 9/11, strengthening intelligence network
for securing homeland became one of the top
priorities of the US government. Recognising
the importance of geospatial intelligence or
GEOINT in this sector, the then-US President
George W Bush in 2003 signed the FY 2004
Defense Authorisation Bill authorising NIMA
to become the National Geospatial-Intelligence
Agency, or NGA. NGA, which is a part of the
Department of Defense (DoD), is now a key
component of the United States intelligence
community. Its primary mission is to aid the
security agencies by collecting, analysing and
distributing geospatial information. Located
at Bethesda, Maryland, NGA operates major
facilities in Washington and Missouri and has
liaison offices worldwide.
July – August 2010
19
What is the role and activity of the National
Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)?
NGA is a US national intelligence and combat support
agency whose primary mission is to provide timely, relevant
and accurate geospatial intelligence, or GEOINT, in support
of national security objectives. GEOINT is earth-referenced
information about natural and man-made objects or events
with national security implications.
We were established as the National Imagery and Mapping
Agency in 1996 to integrate imagery intelligence and
mapping functions across the defence and intelligence
communities. In November 2003, the then-US President
George W Bush signed the FY 2004 Defense Authorisation
Bill authorising NIMA to become the National Geospatial-
Intelligence Agency, or NGA. The new name reflected the
growing importance of GEOINT to national security and
thus, our agency's overall mission.
Our vision is to provide GEOINT in all its forms, and from
whatever source - imagery and geospatial - to ensure the
knowledge foundation for planning, decision and action.
We also strive to share our insight on intelligence challenges,
provide analytical services and solutions and create easily
accessible GEOINT that is tailored to our customers' needs.
What are the various levels at which geospatial
technologies can be used in defence and
internal security, and how?
The application of geospatial technologies in defence and
internal security includes foundation data (country and
city maps, digital elevation models, gravity data, global
positioning systems, maritime and aeronautical navigation)
Members of the Source Operations and Management
Directorate Global Positioning System office monitor GPS
sensors worldwide
geoIntelligence
20
and world-wide situational awareness and treaty monitoring
(focusing on emerging areas like commercial electro-optical
imagery and airborne sensors, including full-motion video
and motion imagery exploitation). NGA is also active in
pursuing new geospatial technologies.
One of our research and development priorities is exploiting
new radar sensor technologies such as those operating with
different polarisations to provide another layer of information
to better characterise, visualise and detect various targets and
terrain. NGA is currently engaged in a commercial synthetic
aperture radar pilot project with the University of Miami's
Center for Southeastern Tropical Remote Sensing facility to
employ advanced polarimetric SAR analysis and visualisation
tools to help analysts characterise terrain, discriminate
vegetative and man-made features and other aspects.
With NGA developing imagery and map-
based solutions for national defence and
homeland security, what are the key criteria for
developing these solutions?
The critical criteria for these solutions are the availability
of appropriate technology and a skilled workforce. Today's
sensors provide an unprecedented level of geospatial data,
that when exploited effectively, can provide valuable
insight on key national and homeland security issues. They
allow NGA to create geospatial data layers, which may
include military and security information, weather and
terrain features. These data layers, combined with available
intelligence, create the critical pieces of GEOINT. They
provide decision makers and operational commanders’
unparalleled advantages and a nuanced situational awareness
that was previously unavailable.
An instructor works with a US Navy sailor learning about imagery analysis in the
Community Geospatial Intelligence Analysis Course
geoIntelligence
NGA is a US national
intelligence and combat
support agency whose
primary mission is to provide
timely, relevant and accurate
geospatial intelligence, or
GEOINT, in support of national
security objectives.
People, through expertise, fuse those data layers to create
actionable intelligence and strategic insight. The ability
to fuse, and apply expertise, represents the unique value
proposition NGA brings to national security. GEOINT
analysts understand these data and the corresponding
geography, people, tactical challenges and strategic
implications. That understanding is the element that
transforms raw data into intelligence, or GEOINT. This
combination has proven, time-and-again, to be a highly
effective tool in mitigating threats. Of course, no analyst
can tackle any challenge alone. Collaboration among people
who share our mission and concerns has proven a critical
prerequisite for effective solutions. NGA
goes beyond imagery and maps to generate
intelligence that helps decision makers.
While geospatial technologies are
playing a key role in how modern
warfare is fought, its importance
cannot be negated during peace
time. How can technologies be
used for military and internal
security preparedness?
The Director of National Intelligence defines
the vision for the intelligence community
in terms of a globally networked enterprise
supporting the mission of creating decision
advantage. We see the National System
for Geospatial Intelligence continuing to
grow as a unified community of GEOINT
professionals that will provide the critical
answers to the situational questions of what,
where, and when in delivering the decision
advantage. Our analysts already provide
an excellent level of situational awareness,
July – August 2010
 21

but our security threats have been, and will continue to
be, more complex. To maintain the edge in our ability to
address these threats, we will have to focus on growing and
operating as a cohesive community both within the National
System for Geospatial Intelligence and the Intelligence
Community. To do this, we will keep strengthening our
traditional alliances and continue to establish new ones
not only within our community, but also going beyond to
international, academic, industrial and other new sources for
partnerships.
This new and stronger GEOINT community will benefit
from the insights brought by this enhanced collaboration.
This will open the potential for new and better means
for communications and information sharing and
dissemination. Our access and ability to use new and
diverse collection sources is also increasing with our new
partnerships. Our access to commercial and airborne
sources, along with new and leading edge phenomenology is
increasing in ways we would never have predicted. All these
activities are coming together to give us future opportunities
to grow as an intelligence community.
To achieve this vision, we need to start now. Some of our
ongoing and near-term activities are:ttttt- Continue to
deploy our personnel forward, ensuring a GEOINT presence
throughout the IC and with the warfighter.
- Lead the community in establishing multi-intelligence
operations throughout the NSG community.
- Continue to strengthen NSG governance to ensure
the sum of our parts produces better intelligence than
each of our US and Commonwealth partners produce
individually.
- Continue to work with our mission partners to
aggressively capture, integrate and manage
all traditional and non-traditional GEOINT
sources and phenomenology.
- Integrate all airborne sources with other
GEOINT sources.
- Continue to build an adaptive multi-skilled
workforce, with a commitment to diversity, by
implementing the human development strategic
workforce plan.
- Establish and enforce standards and architecture
to ensure full interoperability across the
GEOINT community.
that materials, products, processes or services are fit for the
analysis and visual representations of physical features and
geographically referenced activities on the Earth.
The National Center for Geospatial Intelligence Standards
(NCGIS) is the coordinating organisation within the
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency that is responsible
for setting and implementing GEOINT standards
management policies for NGA and the national system for
geospatial intelligence community. NCGIS was established
to ensure a coordinated standards-based approach to
achieving data/system interoperability, implement
collaborative business practices, and act as an advocate
for the needs of NGA and the NSG community. Through
strategic planning and architecture-based analysis, the
NCGIS strives to optimise agency resources as it implements
a comprehensive enterprise-wide standards management
policy.
The NCGIS sponsors the Geospatial Intelligence Standards
Working Group, a NSG community forum that addresses
the latest standards issues that are critical to achieving the
systems interoperability necessary for mission success. An
NSG-wide plan for standards and continued involvement
of NSG community are crucial to the development and
implementation of standards that enable the sharing of
timely, relevant and accurate geospatial intelligence.
Kindly elaborate on the global support
provided by you. Does that extend to Asia?
NGA is spearheading an effort to establish GEOINT
standards, concepts and procedures to enhance its support
to humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR)

Any intelligence activity involves

several elements like imagery and
various kinds of geospatial information.
How important are standards and
interoperability in such a scenario and
how do you address it?

Geospatial intelligence standards consist of

technical specifications or other precise criteria
to be used consistently as rules, guidelines or
definitions of characteristics of GEOINT to ensure Members of US Military use an NGA product to plan a convoy route in Iraq

July – August 2010 geoIntelligence

22

activities, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. NGA

provides annual GEOINT training related to HADR.
GEOINT professionals from Singapore, Thailand, and
Taiwan have attended this training. Collaborative initiatives NGA is spearheading an
with Singapore are underway to enhance US-Singapore
interoperability and increase our ability to provide a timely effort to establish GEOINT
response in the event of a crisis in the region. NGA is also
working closely with Thailand's Geo-Informatics and Space standards, concepts, and
Technology Development Agency to promote the use of
GEOINT for HADR-related activities. procedures to enhance its
NGA's partnership with Taiwan spans over 30 years when support to humanitarian
our predecessor organisation, the Defense Mapping Agency,
exchanged maps and charts with their counterparts in assistance and disaster relief
Taiwan's Ministry of National Defence. This was done
through the America Institute in Taiwan (AIT) and the (HADR) activities, particularly
Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office
(TECRO). NGA continues to have an active geospatial in the Asia-Pacific region.
exchange with Taiwan and an annual GIS conference to
discuss future initiatives.

NGA has a newer relationship with our Mongolian

counterparts. Our bilateral exchange and cooperation exchanged topographic data and performed several
agreement was signed in 2004. Since that time, we have cooperative gravity surveys with the Mongolians.

NGA analysts discuss details for mission operations in Ethiopia

geoIntelligence July – August 2010

 SECURITY 23

In today’s competitive world, protecting data is one

of the major challenges before an organisation. Chief
Information Security Officer (CISO) can be a possible
solution

A s cyber criminals loom large, it has become imperative for enterprises to

give emphasis to security solutions, especially with regard to confidential
information such as customer data, intellectual property, trade secrets and
Vishal Dhupar proprietary corporate data.
Managing Director
Symantec India With the availability of a multitude of platforms and the ever increasing number
Vishal_Dhupar@symantec.com of mobile workforce - accessing information on the go, the risk of data breaches
and its financial impact on organisations is now higher than ever before.
Ponemon’s1 2009 “Global Cost of a Data Breach” report revealed that the
average cost of a data breach incident in the US last year was USD 6.75 million,
compared to the international average of USD 3.43 million; which roughly
breaks down to USD 204 per compromised record. These are alarming facts!

There has been a surge in the number of employees who access, receive,
and store a company’s confidential data, customer data, regulated data and
intellectual property, due to which, data protection and threat response has
become extremely challenging in today’s business scenario.

July – August 2010 geoIntelligence

24
A key solution to counter this serious threat to data loss is to
recruit a Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) in addition
to investing in security solutions, to provide companies with
the best IT security outcomes. CISO primarily monitors
employees’ cyber behaviour within an organisation and ensures
that breach of company-related sensitive information is
annulled.
Cyber attacks plague Indian enterprises
Results from Symantec’s 2010 State of Enterprise Security
study shows that Indian enterprises perceive cyber attacks as
a bigger threat than terrorism or natural disasters. This isn’t
surprising, considering that 100 per cent of the surveyed
Indian enterprises reported a loss of revenue due to loss of
customer and employee data, and 81 per cent reported a
direct financial cost due to the spate of cyber attacks targeted
at them. Moreover, 59 per cent of Indian enterprises felt that
employee-owned endpoints compromised security.
The seminal cause of data breaches
To effectively prevent a data breach, it is important to
identify the source from which it emerges. The anatomy
of data breaches point figures at three primary sources of
data breach - targeted attacks by malicious outsiders, well-
meaning insiders and malicious insiders. Many a time, an
attack could be the result of a combination of these factors.
Often times, breaches are witnessed due to negligence or
ignorance on the part of the employee, to comply with
internal security policies.
Saved by the CISO!
According to the IDC study, the state of data loss in Indian
enterprises, sponsored by Symantec (2009), over 50 per
cent of information in Indian enterprises is classified as
confidential. Thus, to prevent data loss, organisations need
to not only invest time in educating employees about
geoIntelligence
Companies inclined towards
hiring and retaining a `named
CISO' are evidently more
successful than those that
merely hire a manager of
information security
the security policies in the system, but they also need to
create a position for CISO, who will ensure the consistent
implementation of those policies.
Information security has always been a top priority for
enterprises. This is evident from the fact that a lot of
organisations have joined the bandwagon of companies
that have appointed a CISO to be in charge of the day-to-
day security operations, and most importantly, to strategise
the company’s growth plans. This appears to be a growing
positive trend given that 44 per cent of companies employed
a CISO in 2009 compared to 29 per cent in 2008, according
to 2010 PriceWaterhouseCoopers survey.2
CISOs contribute to success in
organisations
Recent studies have shown that companies that have roped-
in CISOs are reaping the benefits of enhanced and assured
data protection, as compared to organisations that have shied
away from this cyber crime buster.
Within the industry, it is gradually being proven that
companies experiencing the best outcomes manage their
information security function through a CISO, who reports
to a senior Chief Information Officer (CIO). Such enterprises
have become more competent by implementing standardised
procedures based on frameworks (for example, ISO, HIPAA,
CobiT, PCI), automating these procedures and controls, and
measuring, assessing and reporting risks on a regular basis.
The final outcome of such companies is lower audit spend,
reduced data theft and higher customer retention. As a result,
these organisations garner larger profits, higher revenues and
higher levels of business productivity from IT.
CISOs: Risk-reducing factor
It has been noticed that companies inclined towards hiring and
retaining a ‘named CISO’ are evidently more successful than
July – August 2010
 25

those that merely hire a manager of information security, who

performs similar duties. The IT Policy Compliance Group
found that companies with a named CISO are 10 times more
likely to experience loss or theft of customer data.

In contrast, organisations where the information security

function is managed at lower levels by systems and network
administrators, or by managers in IT operations, are 4-8 times
more likely to be among those with significantly higher rates
of data loss and theft.

In addition, the best performing organisations (with CISOs)

manage business productivity and risks by using policies and
targets for minimum acceptable downtime and maximum
acceptable risks, as well as measuring, assessing and reporting
on risks daily, weekly and monthly.

CISOs make companies cost-effective

Companies with named CISOs are the most successful and

experience less financial exposure from data loss and theft,
along with reductions in risk.

Findings of studies conducted by the IT Policy Compliance

Group show that organisations with best outcomes spend
0.4 per cent of revenue on data loss exposure, as compared to
companies with worst outcomes, which spend 9.6 percent of
revenue on costs related to data loss.

The need for CISOs is not just an IT need but a business

one also CISOs highlight the importance of viewing
security as part of the business process, rather than just an
IT problem. In most organisations vexed with high rates
of data loss and theft, security is left solely to be managed
by IT operations without proper oversight and control.
Companies with the best business outcomes manage
information security at a higher level, as a quality-controlled strategic role within the organisation to make information
function, that involves automation of policies, procedures security a part of the business process.
and controls.
The Indian enterprises need to sit up and act now. The Symantec
According to the IT Policy and Compliance Group, an average of Enterprises Security Survey 2010 states that the average
two-thirds (66 percent) of procedures related to the information revenue lost by Indian enterprises due to cyber attacks was INR
security and assurance function are fully automated among the 58,59,234 in 2009. This should annul all doubts on whether
organisations with the best outcomes. In contrast, the worst Indian enterprises need a CISO or not.
performing organisations automate less than one-third (33
percent) of procedures and technical controls. In this era of information explosion where cyber attacks and
cases of privacy invasion are on the rise, the role of the CISO will
In addition, the best performing organisations also automate become increasingly vital in Indian enterprises.
measurement and reporting of key risks, controls and indicators
on a daily, weekly and monthly basis; versus the worst A CISO is akin to the modern day cyber crime buster and
performing organisations which assess and report only once every enterprises need to have one in their armour.
five months.

On the whole, CISOs contribute to better business results References

by ensuring proper implementation of security measures, by 1 Global Cost of a Data Breach, 2009, Ponemon Institute

standardising and automating procedures and by taking a 2 The Global State of Information Security Survey, 2010, PriceWaterhouseCoopers

July – August 2010 geoIntelligence

26 IFSAR

Border surveillance is a major concern for security agencies around the world. Interferometric
synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR) helps make data collection across border areas feasible.

D igital elevation models (DEMs) are widely used

not only in the traditional mapping world but
increasingly in support of new applications that are
driven by consumer interests. In this new environment,
the required levels of detail and accuracy of DEMs
vary according to their applications, and are major
considerations for the user, many of whom come from
outside the GIS industry.

An additional consideration is that some applications,

Sowmya Gopal to be effective, transcend local political boundaries and
Radar Scientist require uniform datasets across regional, national and even
Intermap Technologies GmbH continental scales.
sgopal@intermap.com
Need for a Homogeneous and
Accurate Countrywide DEM

Although, there are a number of terrain elevation datasets

available today, many have been created over different
periods of time with different data acquisition systems and
hence, different resolutions. So, the resulting patchwork
dataset is not practical for applications requiring DEMs
that span across countries or even continents because of
inconsistencies and artifacts like voids, seam lines across
boundaries and borders, etc.

Figure 1 illustrates the importance of accurate and

detailed elevation data for modelling applications like
a flood induced by a storm surge. In this example,
a Katrina-like event is applied to Miami. Note the
differences between a simulation based on NEXTMap®
data (left) and the prediction prepared by Federal
Emergency Management Association (FEMA) based
on the USGS NED elevation data (right). One area
(indicated by red circles) of the FEMA prediction
overestimates the inundation by 50 per cent, while it also
misses an entire area that would be inundated through the

geoIntelligence July – August 2010

 27

The ability to penetrate

vegetation to see the ground
beneath the canopy as well
as to measure the vegetation
parameters is possible
using Polarimetric SAR
interferometry (PolInSAR).

Figure 1: Effect of DEM Accuracy on Flood Modelling

channel at the bottom of the image (yellow circle).

A similar example is the integrated coastal zone

management project in India, which has elevation as one
of the three main requirements. Elevation information
will be used along with the available tidal observation
information over the past 50 and 100 years (where
available) to generate a hazard line. Having an accurate
and homogeneous DEM is extremely important for such
a project.

Geospatial Mapping Technologies

Geospatial mapping technologies have come a long way
from ground surveying to state-of-the-art airborne and
spaceborne systems. Figure 2 illustrates the different
technologies available today.
Photogrammetry is a passive system, dependent on
sunlight and good weather. When considering active
systems like light detection and ranging (LIDAR) and
interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR), the
former is useful for mapping small regions with high
accuracies, while IFSAR is suitable for extremely large
regions. IFSAR is scalable and particularly cost-effective
while still providing data with an accuracy that is
significantly higher than that from satellite SAR systems.
IFSAR is also free of cloud cover because of its ability to
see through clouds, haze, fog, etc.
When compared to spaceborne alternatives, single-
pass airborne systems using Intermap Technologies®’
proprietary X-Band IFSAR technology have more
flexibility as well as weather-independent system
deployment, higher spatial resolution, and a lesser degree
of influence from the atmosphere and temporal target
changes.
Figure 2: Geospatial Mapping Technologies
IFSAR: A Cost-effective Solution for
Mapping Countries and Continents
With IFSAR, height information for a scene is obtained
using two antennae in single-pass mode. SAR signals,
however, interact with the terrain and thus measure the
distance to first-surface features. The DEM created from
an IFSAR system is essentially a first-surface DEM, also
known as digital surface model (DSM). The digital terrain
model (DTM), representative of the earth’s terrain, is
obtained by editing the DSM using a semi-automated
process during which all man-made and vegetation
features are removed. This process is extremely challenging
and labour-intensive, and requires classification of terrain
(based on land cover), a set of editing rules to handle
hydrological, road features, etc., and a quality control
process to ensure that the output DTM is accurate and
consistent across borders and boundaries.
Intermap has mapped more than 10 million sq. km in the
United States and Western Europe at 1m vertical accuracy
with its NEXTMap® programme and over 2 million sq.
km in Asia and S.E.Asia.

July – August 2010 geoIntelligence

28
With the aid of high resolution IFSAR systems, Intermap
now also has the ability to generate DEMs at 50cm
vertical accuracy.
Data acquisition is made cost-effective by means of
ultra long lines (ULL). The longer line lengths increase
the ratio between imaging versus non-imaging time by
reducing the number of aircraft turns at the end of the
lines. Within these ULL blocks, parallel flight lines are
planned according to the terrain. Sufficient overlap is
incorporated into the plan to ensure there are no gaps
in coverage between imaged swaths. Figure 3 shows two
sample ULL blocks: One in Europe that covers more than
half of France and another in the US that spans over four
states from North Dakota down to Kansas.
The acquired data is then processed in a semi-automated
production factory with a number of quality control steps
to ensure that the data meets the accuracy requirements.
The throughput of the system is 400,000 sq. km per
month. The whole workflow is ISO certified.
Military forces have a strong need for accurate base
maps and high-resolution images in sensitive areas like
Afghanistan, and IFSAR mapping has been used for these
areas. Figure 4 shows examples of orthorectified radar
images (ORI) of two different areas from Intermap’s
mapping campaign in Afghanistan. Afghanistan has
diverse topography ranging from rugged and mountainous
terrain to plains. The ORI shown in figure 4 has a pixel
size of 1.25m and a horizontal accuracy of 2m RMSE.
Radargrammetry
Airborne operations are not always possible in certain
restricted regions, and an attractive alternative method
for the production of DEMs is radargrammetry, in
which elevation information is obtained by measuring
geoIntelligence
Figure 3: Scalable and Efficient IFSAR Ultra
Long Line Acquisition. Left: a ULL block of
300,000 sq km from NEXTMap® Europe
Below: a ULL block of 480,000 sq. km from
NEXTMap® US.
the parallax between two stereo radar image pairs.
With the availability of relatively high-resolution
radar imagery from the TerraSAR-X and other modern
satellites, the creation of DEMs meeting DTED (digital
terrain elevation data) L2 accuracy is made possible.
This is accomplished by using Intermap’s proprietary
TopoSAR radargrammetry software which has also been
tested on RADARSAT-2 as well as COSMO-SkyMed
imagery.
Defence and Internal Security
applications
The IFSAR DEM can be used as an accurate base map
in orthorectification of imagery from multiple sources.
Orthorectification is the process of accurately registering
imagery to ground coordinates and geometrically
correcting it to remove distortions that happen during
image capture.
The accuracy of orthorectification heavily influences the
usability of imagery for surveillance as well as change
detection which helps detect encroachment in sensitive
areas like borders or in areas with oil/gas pipelines.
July – August 2010
 29

The accuracy of
orthorectification heavily
influences the usability of
imagery for surveillance as
well as change detection
which helps detect
encroachment in sensitive
areas like borders or in areas
with oil/gas pipelines.

Figure 5 illustrates the errors (yellow arrows) due to

orthorectification of an air photo by USGS NED (left).
The accuracy of NEXTMap DEM (right) does not give
room to such errors.

Helicopter flight operations are particularly sensitive Figure 4: Orthorectfied Radar Imagery of Afghanistan - the
to terrain slope for landing possibilities; accurate slope top image shows a sample of the mountainous terrain and the
information from DEMs can be valuable for determining lower image shows an urban area.
those areas, and, additionally for low-level flight mission
planning, particularly for special operations, in poor
visibility and unfamiliar terrain. An example scenario is
given in figure 6 (oveleaf ).

The difference between a paper map of the slope

analysis region (top right) and an accurate landing space
information (bottom right) can have a huge impact on a
mission critical operation. The figure also illustrates how
a DEM of lesser accuracy (bottom left), DTED L1, does
not provide comprehensive information as compared to
DTED L4.

Another important advantage of having accurate terrain

information for mission planning is the ability to do
a visibility analysis (line-of-sight or viewshed) for a
particular area before going in. This will help speed up
the decision-making process and improve the efficiency of
mission planning. Figure 7 shows an example of viewshed
(areas visible from the point of observation shown in red)
overlaid on an aerial photograph for easy interpretation.

Intelligence agencies are increasingly interested in the Figure 5: Effect of DEM Accuracy on Image Orthorectification
ability of airborne sensors to map what is hidden beneath
vegetation. This ability to penetrate vegetation to see
the ground beneath the canopy as well as to measure the

July – August 2010 geoIntelligence

30

IFSAR is scalable and

particularly cost-effective
while still providing data
with an accuracy that is
significantly higher than that
from satellite SAR systems.
It is also free of cloud cover.
Figure 6: DEM for Helicopter Landing Slope Analysis

vegetation parameters is possible using Polarimetric SAR
interferometry (PolInSAR). This has gained much interest
in the scientific community over recent years, mainly due
to its potential to derive certain vegetation parameters.
From the intelligence standpoint, it has proved to be
capable of extracting paths and tracks, and certain kinds
of objects or structures, otherwise hidden by vegetation.
In combination with long wavelengths (L- or P-band) and
full polarimetric operation, the extraction of parameters
such as vegetation height and ground topography has been
investigated. Repeat pass operations are always hindered
by temporal decorrelation. This motivated Intermap
to build an experimental single-pass L-Band PolInSAR
system with an azimuth resolution of 1m and a slant-
range resolution of 1.1m.
Cost-effective and accurate surveillance for border security
is a concern for many nations, and the nature of the side-
looking geometry of IFSAR makes data collection across
sensitive country borders feasible.

Figure 7: DEM for Visibility Analysis

geoIntelligence July – August 2010

 IBM M AXIM O 31

IBM Maximo Asset and Service management

system is built to help organisations manage their
assets on a single software platform

I BM Maximo Asset and Service management system is an integrated

system that helps organisations manage their assets on a single
software platform. Built on a service-oriented architecture (SOA),
Maximo Asset Management delivers a comprehensive view of all
types of assets, their conditions and locations, and the work processes
that support them, to enable optimal planning, control, audit, and
compliance capability.

Maximo Asset Management lets us manage end-to-end asset operations

and business processes to deliver efficient and effective services aligned
with our business goals. It provides a comprehensive and modular
approach to integrated asset control and visibility by providing an
enterprise platform for storing standardised data on asset histories to
help integrate people, processes, information and technology. Maximo
Asset Management offerings include tools, best practices and service
offerings for incremental value. Managing assets through Maximo
Asset Management gives business a competitive advantage.
Sanjay Ganjoo
Maximo Technical Sales Lead Figure 1 shows architectural components of Maximo.
IBM India
sganjoo1@in.ibm.com Different components in the architecture are as follows:

Common Data Repository layer is used to define and store all types
of assets, that is, production, facilities, transportation, Information
Technology etc. in one database.

Fig 1: IBM Maximo architectural layers

July – August 2010 geoIntelligence

32
Maximo Asset Management
lets us manage end-to-
end asset operations and
business processes to
deliver efficient and effective
services aligned with our
business goals
Business Process Engine / Workflow layer is used to define
various global parameters and workflow rules that add an
element of automation to business processes.
Operational and IT Assets layer shows the various modules
in Maximo that users utilise to carry out business transactions
and are controlled by the parameters defined in the business
process layer.
Service Management layer has various applications for service
desk which are based on ITIL guidelines. Incident, problem,
change and release management are tightly integrated with
Asset and Work Management modules.
User Interface layer is the presentation layer that is used for
Maximo system. Maximo is a web-based system and users
with access rights can use Internet Explorer or Mozilla to
access Maximo.
Reporting and KPI layer is used to define various reports
and key performance indicators (KPIs). By using the
Maximo Asset Management user interface, KPIs can
be established to monitor asset conditions and trigger
automated action based on changes. We can create, assign,
monitor, notify, and report on key process components
such as work orders, service desk tickets, and purchase
orders, including status, from start to finish. You can also
include attachments, such as maps, pictures, and URLs to
each record or task to further enhance communication and
productivity.
Integration layer is the framework that is used to integrate
Maximo with external enterprise or operational systems
including various GIS systems. Maximo Integration
framework is used to create adapters to communicate with
external systems. There are some readymade adapters available
from IBM to integrate maximo with SAP, Oracle Financials,
MS-Project and Primavera.
IBM Maximo Spatial is developed by unifying IBM
geoIntelligence
Maximo with ESRI’s ArcGIS Server. It provides users with
visibility into complex GIS information. This solution
provides a geospatial context of work, assets and relevant
land-based features, which improves reliability, longevity
and efficient work execution. While the integration of
asset and work management with GIS is not a new idea,
the technology approach taken by this solution, and its
capabilities represent a new level of innovation, usability
and business value. Combining the ArcGIS Server with
the Maximo asset management solution using standards-
based, service-oriented technology common to both
architectures, Maximo Spatial Asset Management makes the
power of desktop GIS directly available to enterprise asset
management users. It offers a seamless user experience that
incorporates map-based user interfaces, dynamic access to
GIS data.
IBM Maximo Spatial is useful for the organisations that
have critical assets scattered geographically like utility,
energy, government and telecommunications. Such
organisations can get tremendous benefits by combining the
powerful features of Maximo and ArcGIS.
Maximo Spatial has a feature to write powerful queries to
get data from across the databases, thereby, eliminating the
need of duplicating data in both the systems.
Highlights of Maximo Spatial Asset
Management
• It gives geospatial context for all types of assets and
locations and has the capability to convert street
addresses and similar location data into latitude/
longitude (GPS) coordinates, and vice versa.
• It can trace components of linear network assets spatially
taking into account the direction of “flow” of the gas,
water, electricity, etc. This is useful in determining which
customers will be affected by maintenance activities and
other service interruptions.
• It can support enhanced routing or route planning
capabilities by providing core GIS routing capabilities
Fig 2: Searching by Street address
July – August 2010
NEWS • VIEWS • REVIEWS • INTERVIEWS • NEWS • VIEWS
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34

IBM Maximo Spatial provides

users with visibility into
complex GIS information. It
provides a geospatial context
of work, assets and relevant
land-based features, which
improves reliability, longevity
Fig: 3 Identifying work orders from Asset Application
and efficient work execution.

in combination with rich asset management data such

as maintenance and other historical data.
• The asset management user interface is used for setting
the security in the system so that the data is accessible to
authorised users only.
• It provides the ability to view the affected location or
assets directly from the map and also allows users to create
Service Orders or Work orders.
• It provides the ability to check the status of various repair
work going on in an area.
• It also gives the ability of identifying other assets in the
vicinity of affected asset from the map, thereby, providing
planners with additional information to use the resources
optimally.
Fig 4: To check the status work in an area
Usage Scenarios:
Utility, energy, transportation and telecommunication
Maximo Spatial Asset Management can be used by various organisations can get better visibility of their mission critical
organisations including government for better public assets which will give them more control over their assets. They
services and to increase public safety. This application can be can use the information to proactively attend to the assets and
used by: avoid disruption in the services, which can result in customer
satisfaction and open up other avenues in the business.
Call centers – Agents in the call center can locate the
troubled location and asset accurately from the map and can Benefits of Geospatially Enabled Asset
quickly know if the same trouble was reported by anyone Management
else from the same locality. It will also help them in their
communication with the people of the area. • Organisations can reduce the cost by streamlining work
and use the resources economically.
Government organisations to mobilise better resources in • Equipped with better information than the tabular data,
case of natural calamities; and help them be in touch with organisations can take better informed decisions while
the citizens. planning inspection or maintenance work in an area.
• Maps can increase the communication of organisations
Government and public service organisations can plan their with their customers in the event of natural calamities or
work properly in any area without causing discomfort to any other incident affecting their services.
the people. Information from the maps can give them better • Maximo Spatial becomes the single source of information
understanding about the usage of the assets like roads etc in of all departments for their geospatially enabled assets
an area in a particular season, thereby, empowering them to eliminating the need to get data from different sources
take proactive actions in future. thereby avoiding the conflicting situations.

geoIntelligence July – August 2010

 E V E NT S 35

August
8th Annual Maritime Reconnaissance CANEUS - Small Satellites
13th Annual Space and Missile & Surveillance 20-22 October, 2010
Defense Conference and 27-29 September, 2010 Tuscany, Italy
Exhibition Sheraton Roma Hotel & CC www.caneus.org/sharedsmallsats/default.
16-19 August, 2010 Rome, Italy aspx
Huntsville http://www.maritimerecon.com/Event.
Alabama aspx?id=300654 GIS for National Security, Defence
www.smdconf.org/ and Emergency Management
Geospatial Intelligence Summit Conference
World Space Biz 2010 28-30 September, 2010 24-27 October, 2010
2nd International Conference on Vienna Intercontinental Le Royal Meridien
Space Technology Vienna, Austria Abu Dhabi
25-28 August, 2010 http://www.jacobfleming.com/jacob- UAE
BIEC fleming-group/conferences/defence/ http://www.geospatialdefence.com/Event.
Bengaluru GEO?partner=defensemarket aspx?id=322854
India
www.bsxindia.com Geospatial Def & Intelligence November
28-30 September, 2010
September Kuala Lampur, Malaysia Global MilSatCom 2010
www.geospatialdefenceasia.com 8-10 November, 2010
INDESEC Expo 2010 Millennium Conference Centre
6-8 September, 2010 International Port Security London
Pragati Maidan 29-30 September, 2010 www.globalmilsatcom.com
New Delhi, India Hilton Barcelona
http://www.indesec-expo.com/ Barcelona, Spain Unmanned Aircraft Systems 2010,
www.smi-online.co.uk/events/overview. Pursuing the Future of Unmanned
World Satellite Business Week asp?is=16&ref=3520 Aircraft
6-10 September, 2010 17-18 November, 2010
Paris, France October Millennium Gloucester Hotel
www.satellite-business.com London, UK
Defence Exports www.smi-online.co.uk/events/overview.
Defense Health 2010 4-5 October, 2010 asp?is=1&ref=3501
13-14 September, 2010 Crowne Plaza Hotel - Le Palace
Berlin, Germany Brussels, Belgium Map Africa 2010
www.jacobfleming.com/jacob-fleming- www.smi-online.co.uk/events/overview. 23-25 November, 2010
group/conferences/defense/defense- asp?is=1&ref=3496 Cape Town
health-2010 South Africa
Counter IED and Force Protection http://mapafrica.gisdevelopment.net
15th Australasian Remote Sensing 6-7 October, 2010
and Photogrammetry Conference Copthorne Tara Hotel December
(ARSPC) London, UK
13-17 September, 2010 www.smi-online.co.uk/events/overview. Underwater Battlespace APAC
Alice Springs, Australia asp?is=1&ref=3438 7-8 December, 2010
www.15.arspc.com Amara Hotel
Platform Survivability 2010, Singapore
IQPC Cyber Security 2010 12-14 October, 2010 www.underwaterbattlespace.com/Event.
22-23 September, 2010 Frankfurt, Germany aspx?id=348848&19226.001_defconfban%
Hotel La Plaza www.platform-survivability.com/110/index.
Brussels, Belgium php? January
http://www.internationalcybersec.com/
Event.aspx?id=306454 Military Engineering Conference Defence Geospatial Intelligence (DGI)
- Combat, Sustainment & 2011
Africa Aerospace and Defence 2010 Reconstruction 24-27 January, 2011
21-25 September, 2010 18-19 October, 2010 QEII Centre
Cape Town London, UK London, UK
South Africa www.smi-online.co.uk/events/overview. http://www.defenseconference.
http://www.aadexpo.co.za asp?is=1&ref=3499 com/?p=315

July – August 2010 geoIntelligence

36 CONFERENCE

GIS is steadily pushing its way into

India’s security corridors

T he 26/11 Mumbai incident was a wake-up call

for India in many ways. First, the type of attack
and its intensity which took the world by surprise,
thereby exposing India’s vulnerability, lack of
preparedness and gaps in responding to emergency
situations. Second, it demonstrated that despite
India’s technological and economic advancement,
it is the country’s enemies which are adept at using
the technology in its war against India (the 26/11
Mumbai attackers had access to maps, GPS and
satellite phones).

Little wonder then that technology now takes centre

stage of every security-related issue in the country and
geospatial is the new mantra for security forces and
policymakers alike. To help understand the problems
of India’s security agencies and discuss possible solutions, a
two-day seminar on ‘Science and Technology for Homeland
Security 2010’ was organised by FICCI in New Delhi.
The event witnessed good participation from government,
industry, defence and security experts, intellectuals and
students.
Moderating the session on the ‘Role of ICT and GIS for
Homeland Security’, Rajesh Mathur, vice-chairman, NIIT-
GIS Ltd, explained the importance of ICT and GIS in
planning and operations of security agencies.
Elaborating further, Dr Aniruddha Roy, Vice President –
Strategic Business Group (GIS), Navayuga Engineering
Company Ltd, said, “Naxalism is one of the major security
threats India is facing now. Geospatial technology can help
us understand the history and geography of this problem
and suggest ways to tackle the menace.”
The government has already begun training the paramilitary
forces in the use of GIS and related technologies. Recently, a
five-day training course involving satellite data reading and
interpretation of GIS for smooth areas and rocky terrains
was held for officers of CRPF, ITBP and BSF. The training
is likely to benefit the forces fighting Naxals in the thick
jungles and other inhospitable terrains.
Rajesh Mathur of NIIT-GIS Ltd. chairs the session on the ‘Role of
ICT and GIS for Homeland Security’ at FICCI seminar
BSF has taken a lead role
in incorporating geospatial
technology for effective
border management
- K Srinivasan, DIG Intelligence, BSF
Meanwhile, Forces are also being trained to use this
technology in maintaining a vigil on the borders. K
Srinivasan, Deputy Inspector General – Intelligence, BSF
said, “BSF has taken a lead role in incorporating geospatial
technology for effective border management.” He drove
home the point by presenting slides of photographs of
India-Pakistan and India-Bangladesh borders, explaining the
problems BSF faces in manning these borders and how GIS
is solving their problems. For example, he talked about how
the changing course of rivers in eastern India makes it

geoIntelligence July – August 2010

 37

difficult to ascertain the exact border with Bangladesh. “We

are now using geospatial technology to solve that problem,”
said Srinivasan. He, however, accepted that data sharing is a
problem for security forces as security concerns sometimes
prevent them from sharing all information with solution
We need spatial data
providers.
infrastructure to facilitate
His views were substantiated by Anup Jindal, Executive
Director, RMSI. “Effectiveness of GIS can improve effective-
data sharing. Though work
ness of security agencies.” He added, “Swarm of attacks will
be the trend among terrorists in future. If we want to prevent
is on in this direction, the
26/11-like attacks, we need to study them and that can only
be done using geospatial technology. It is an enabler for such
pace is quite slow.
analysis. We need geospatial technology to help us plan
- Dr Aniruddha Roy
beforehand for any such eventuality but the biggest hin-
drance for such mitigation activity is availability of data.” He
further said, “Though data is available with the government,
various government departments hold propriety over it and
getting them to share data is a huge task.”
Well, that may be the reality somewhere else but the fact
Taking the discussion further, Dr Roy said, “We need spatial is that India has a long way to go before it can completely
data infrastructure to facilitate data sharing. Though work is unleash the power of this technology in ensuring security
on in this direction, the pace is quite slow.” of its citizens. For the time being, let’s hope someone in
authority has taken a serious note of Jindal when he said,
Stressing on the need for India to pick up pace in this “Geospatial technology is important for studying evacuation,
sector, Jindal said, “While India is still struggling with data traffic management and planning in case of emergency.”
issues, world is gearing up for CBRNe (chemical, biological,
radiological and nuclear explosives) threat. Sensors are now Aditi Bhan
available that offer real-time monitoring of air quality.” Assistant Editor

The session in progress

July – August 2010 geoIntelligence

38 GEOINTELLIGENCE ASIA 2010
Connecting communities
GeoIntelligence Asia 2010 brought together experts and visitors from around the world
A fter bringing the armed forces of India together for
three consecutive years successfully, GIS Development
expanded its footprint with GeoIntelligence Asia 2010.
Inaugurated by India's Chief of Army Staff, General VK
Singh PVSM, AVSM, YSM, ADC, GeoIntelligence Asia
made a strong statement in connecting the defence and
internal security forces from the region. Building upon
the past events, GeoIntelligence Asia 2010 created an
impressive agenda and brought in specialist speakers from
across the world who shared their unique perspectives and
insights on the geospatial intelligence community's role in
making the world a safer place to live. The two-day event
held at hotel Taj Palace in New Delhi, India, witnessed
about 450 delegates and visitors from eight countries in the
region.
In his inaugural address, General Singh observed that
India's boundary includes high altitude mountains,
deserts and coastal zones and geospatial intelligence has
a significant role to play in tackling security threats from
the porous boundary. According to the General, geospatial
technology provides situational awareness and helps armed
geoIntelligence
forces in precision operation. In today’s network centric
environment, geointelligence is an able tool that works as
a force multiplier and enables efficient combat. He agreed
that the ongoing research in imaging, modelling and other
geospatial activities all over the world ultimately helps the
armed forces.
Earlier, Lt. Gen. Ajay Kumar Singh Chandele, PVSM,
AVSM, ADC; Director General of Electronics and
Mechanical Engineering, Indian Army, welcomed the
gathering. He noted that emerging security threats can
be addressed by developing geospatial capabilities. Sanjay
Kumar, CEO, GIS Development, in his introductory
remarks, highlighted the need to strengthen spatial
infrastructure to better internal security. The inaugural
session witnessed the release of bi-monthly magazine
GeoIntelligence, a publication of GIS Development. The
General also inaugurated the exhibition.
Plenary sessions
The first plenary session was chaired by Dr MP
July – August 2010
 39

for a safer world

Narayanan, Chairman, GIS Development. Lt. Gen. A
K Nanda explained the functionality and importance
of Defence Spatial Data Infrastructure (DSDI). He
ªGeospatial technology
highlighted how GIS prevents duplication of efforts
and discussed the need for geointelligence in defence.
provides situational
In his presentation, GeoImagery and GIS Integration,
Lawrie Jordan, Director – Imagery, Enterprise Solution,
awareness and helps armed
ESRI, demonstrated how one can maximise the value of
imagery by intelligently integrating it with GIS. He also
forces in precision operation.
emphasised the need to share and collaborate.
In today's network centric
Lt. Gen. S P Singh, VSM, Director General of
Information System, India, while observing that majority
environment, geointelligence
of military information has a spatial component,
discussed how geospatial technologies can be exploited
is an able tool that works as
for operational information. He emphasised on the
development of indigenous GIS software and issues
a force multiplier and enables
related to data interoperability.
efficient combat.º
The second plenary session was chaired by Rajesh C
- General V K Singh, Chief of Army Staff
Mathur, Vice Chairman, ESRI India. During the session,
Chhavi Gupta, Senior Solution Manager, Technology
Solutions, Oracle India, explained how Oracle solutions
are helpful in lawful interception project, battle space
awareness and crime statistics analysis. She also acquainted
everyone with location-enabled Oracle technologies.
Kaushik Chakraborty, Vice President, Asia-Pacific,
ERDAS, recalled Art of War by Sun Tzu and Clausewitz.

“Art of war,” as defined by Sun Tzu, “is a matter of life

and death, a road either to safety or to ruin. Hence
it is a subject of inquiry which can on no account be
neglected.” Chakraborty said that while the Pearl Harbour
incident is a perfect example of art of war, September 11
attacks explain Clausewitz’s theory of war. According to
Clausewitz, “War is not merely a political act, but also a
political instrument, a continuation of political relations,
a carrying out of the same by other means.” In both cases,
Chakraborty stressed about the need of geointelligence
in warfare and maintained that without geointelligence,
modern day wars cannot be won.

The third plenary session was chaired by Maj. Gen. Manoj

Tayal, Addl. Survey General, Survey of India. In this
session, Maj. Gen. Girish Kumar, Project Director, Delhi
State Spatial Data Infrastructure (DSSDI), elaborated how
DSSDI is using geospatial tools in developing a digital

July – August 2010 geoIntelligence

40

map for the Delhi State. He informed that approximately

337 features (above and beneath the ground) have been
mapped under this project. John Allan, Vice President,
Global Sales and Marketing, ExactEarth, Canada,
regretted that there are very few activities in marine
field although oceans cover earth’s 70 per cent area.
The Mumbai incident was a grim reminder that coastal
areas require more attention. Mark Reichardt, President
and CEO, Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC),
USA, demonstrated how OGC standards are driven by
community resources, integration of sensor web enabled
operation concept with UAVs and so on. In addition, he
explained compliance testing and certification by OGC.

Workshops and sessions

During the session Geospatial for Defence and Border

Security, Maj. Gen. P N Koul, Addl Survey General,
Survey of India, discussed the necessity of formulation of
optimum data standards for efficient data dissemination
in defence environment. The paper ignited a debate on
data standards especially on cartography data standards
versus GIS standards.

M Rajathural, Technical Director, Bentley Systems,

India, informed that Bentley has developed a tool which
can convert CAD data into GIS data and also gave a
demonstration of the same. While discussing his paper,
Managing Mission Critical Information in Geo-enabled
Environment, Rajathural noted that even GIS data should
be indexed in the same manner as Google indexed bundle
of information and made it accessible to all. He presented
various solutions offered by Bentley including intelligent
property management, multi-user editing with versioning
and intelligent distributed plotting and publishing.

geoIntelligence July – August 2010

 41

During the session Geospatial for Homeland Security,

Maniesh Kulshrestha, Head – Business Development,
SiRF Technology, India, introduced a micro electro
mechanical sensor (MEMS) and compared it to GPS. GIS data should be indexed in
He demonstrated how MEMS can track people in malls
or other indoor places with better accuracy than GPS. the same manner as Google
He also emphasised on public privacy and the need of
Building Management Mapping as most of the heritage indexed bundle of information
centres are being targeted by terrorists and anti-social
elements. and made it accessible to all.
Andrea Cook, Senior Sales Manager, GeoEye, USA, - Rajathural, Bentley Systems, India
highlighted some of the features of GeoEye 1 and how it
can play a pivotal role in homeland security. She presented
a few latest images shot by GeoEye 1 and explained their
key features. Talking about the satellite, Cook said that
it is not only useful in capturing images, but also in
providing image-based solutions like 3D modelling and
digital maps.

Col. G.S. Mehta (retd), Chief General Manager, Northern

region, RSI Softech, India, demonstrated RSI’s latest
product for disaster mitigation, Skyline. Col. Sunil
Mishra, Director Battlefield Management, System Cell,
Directorate General of Information System, India, said
that GIS is yet to be optimally exploited. He presented
the satellite map of Dantewada, India, which was just
mute in the absence of attributed information like roads,
villages, language and so on. Dantewada is a district in the
Indian state of Chhattisgarh and is one of the strongholds
of Naxals.

T.B.J.S. Rajappa, Deputy Director, Directorate of

Coordination (Police Wireless), India, spoke about
‘Albedo of Geointelligence connected GIS’. He talked

July – August 2010 geoIntelligence

42
DSSDI is using geospatial
tools in developing a digital
map for Delhi. Already 337
features have been mapped
under this project.
about the use of GIS methodology in earlier times as
well and explained how over time, human approach has
changed towards the subject even as the ultimate aim
remains the same. He established his point with the help
of a few examples from Ramayana and Mahabharta.
During the session Image Intelligence and Maritime
Coastal Security, Col. Kailash Tiwari, Corps of Engineers,
Indian Army, explained target detection using optical
and microwave remote sensing. Sowmya Gopal, Radar
Scientist, Intermap technologies, Germany, explained the
significance of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar
(IFSAR) mapping for geospatial intelligence in India.
During the series of workshops, Dr Christopher Tucker,
Member, Board of Directors, US Geospatial Intelligence
Foundation, talked about human geography and
geoIntelligence
intelligence. Dr M.K. Munshi, GIS Development, India,
spoke about standards and interoperability and Dr V. V. L.
N. Sharma, Civil Hydrographic Office, India, explained
electronic chart display and information system (ECDIS)
compliant, electronic navigational charts (ENC) and
issues of interoperability. Col. Sunil Mishra, Director
Battlefield Management, System Cell, Directorate General
of Information System, India, discussed ways to exploit
geointelligence to strengthen our internal security.
A workshop on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) was
conducted by Mike McGill, President, Surveil, United
States. He said that market demand for UAVs is almost
same as that was for cars in 1920s and computers in
1980s. “UAVs were like a predator in 1990s and still,
advancements in this field are consistently happening like
UAVs with liquid hydrogen propulsion and hybrid UAVs
with Gas/Electricity propulsion. In addition, UAV market
is driving advancement in new and innovative ways to
apply carbon fibre composite materials,” said McGill. In
terms of business, he said that US Navy alone made an
order of USD 2.2 billion to Northrop Grumman.
The event witnessed several interactive sessions and was a
huge hit among paricipants. The seminar will return soon.
Anand Kashyap
Sub-Editor
July – August 2010