PSA XUD

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See also PSA XU engine for the related gasoline variant

XUD9 in a Citroën BX TRD

The PSA XUD is a Diesel engine designed and built by PSA - Peugeot and Citroën. It is
an Indirect Injection (IDI) engine, that uses a version of the Ricardo Consulting
Engineers Ricardo Comet V prechamber cylinder head design.[1] The engine comes in
1,769 cc 1.8 N/A, 1.8 Turbo, 1,905 cc 1.9 N/A, 1.9 Turbo, 2.1 12 valve N/A and Turbo
and was the predecessor to the HDI range of engines. Early HDi Engines were a PSA
design, later 16 valve engines were jointly developed with Ford.

Contents
[hide]

 1 Design
o 1.1 Vegetable oil fuel
 2 XUD7
 3 XUD9
 4 XUD11
 5 Vehicles
 6 References

Design[edit]
The XUD was available with either SOHC 8-valve or 12-valve heads. It was mainly
applied transversally in front wheel drive vehicles, tilted by 30°. However, some
applications in non-PSA vehicles had the engine installed longitudinally, with rear-
wheel drive. The XUD is built in Citroën's plant in Trémery, near Metz.[1]

Displacement ranges between 1,769 and 2,138 cc, and all XU diesel engines have a
stroke of either 88 mm (3.5 in) or 92 mm (3.6 in). The former was shared with the XU9.
Bore sizes range from 80 mm (3.1 in) to 86 mm (3.4 in), some of which are shared with
other XU engines.
Upon its release the engine was noted as one of the best diesel engines (for cars and
light vans) in the world with its high power output and refinement it made all other
diesel engines seem agricultural.[1] It was also particularly light, with a ready-to-run
XUD9 weighing 157 kg (350 lb), 15% less than a comparable diesel of the previous
generation.[1] However, if the cooling system is neglected or improperly bled after
filling - needing a raised filling level because the expansion tank is not the highest point
in the system - the engine has a tendency to blow its head gasket. A simple solution is to
use a plastic soft drink bottle with the bottom removed, fitted with a rubber O ring seal
on the flange at the cap end for filling. Because radiators (typical life 100,000 miles),
generally have only just sufficient cooling capacity when new, in order to help get the
engine to operating temperature quickly, silting causes significant problems. Coolant
changes to maintain corrosion inhibitors (and stop silting) are critical on this engine.
Nonetheless due to the high volume of cars manufactured with this engine spare parts
are plentiful and well priced.

Vegetable oil fuel[edit]

The engine, because it is indirect injection, with a slower combustion burn time than
direct injection, is suitable to run on SVO (pure vegetable oil). The viscosity of
vegetable oil when cold is too great for rotary injection pumps, (in particular the weaker
Lucas CAV pump, the Bosch VE fuel pump is superior), preventing it acting as a
lubricant and increasing the workload on the distributor/rotary injection pump and
damaging it. The Lucas EPIC pump fitted to the 2.1 L 12 valve turbodiesel engine after
1995 is the weakest pump of all.[2] Different fresh vegetable oils have different
viscosities: thinnest are; sunflower, rapeseed (often only labelled vegetable oil, but with
pictures of distinctive yellow flowers), then soya and corn oil, but palm oil (often only
marked vegetable oil) is thickest. Vegetable oils thicken when used for cooking, so used
oils can be much thicker than any fresh oil, they may even solidify at room temperature.
It is necessary for used oil to be very well filtered (ideally cold filtered to 1 micron), to
avoid filter plugging and/or injection pump damage. Heavily used oil may be highly
acidic and corrode the inside of the injection pump. Such oil can only be used as fuel
without the risk of damage, if it has been chemically processed into bio-diesel. The
open market price for used oil often quite close to special offer supermarket prices for
new oil, which can be used straight away. In order to reduce the viscosity of the SVO, it
should be heated to engine coolant operating temperature, typically with a two tank
system, in order to start and shutdown on diesel or bio-diesel. Versions of this engine
from the early '90s onward, are typically fitted with a Peugeot-type coolant heated fuel
filter that helps heat fuel and reduce viscosity. Fuel / engine coolant heat exchangers,
usually required for straight vegetable oil conversions, are still needed for long term life
expectancy, or there will be accelerated wear of the fuel injection pump. Heated
vegetable oil is a good injection pump lubricant. This is especially important in cold
weather ambient temperatures. Mixing with major oil company brand diesel, (which in
winter is thinner and contains anti-waxing winterising agents) to thin the vegetable oil
fuel, choosing a thin vegetable oil, winterising additive, or electric heating, or a
combination of these are helpful especially when starting and warming up, as coolant
heating will not yet be at operating temperature.[3] The difference between the use of
good quality fuel and supermarket diesel, in a diesel / vegetable oil fuel mix, will be
very noticeable, especially at lower temperatures. The fuel systems used on this engine
return heated fuel to the fuel tank. Running with half a tank of fuel instead of fully
filling up, will allow the tank to be heated more effectively by this warmed fuel in low
ambient temperatures.

XUD7[edit]
The XUD7 has a displacement of 1.8 L (1,769 cc), with a bore of 80 mm (3.1 in) and a
stroke of 88 mm (3.5 in). Output is 60 PS (59 hp/44 kW) for the naturally aspirated
version or 78 PS (77 hp/57 kW) for the turbocharged model. An intercooled
turbocharged version was introduced later, with 90 PS on tap.

Model Output Notes Model of car

XUD7 78 PS
Diesel turbo
T/K (76 hp/57 kW)
Citroen BX TRD/TZD TURBO,
XUD7 90 PS Diesel turbo with
Peugeot 405 Turbo, ROVER 200 MK2
TE (88 hp/66 kW) intercooler
TD
60 PS
XUD7/K Diesel Citroën C15D/RD
(59 hp/44 kW)
60 PS
XUD7/Z Diesel catalyst
(59 hp/44 kW)

XUD9[edit]
The XUD9 has a displacement of 1.9 L (1,905 cc), with a bore of 83 mm (3.3 in) and a
stroke of 88 mm (3.5 in). Both turbocharged and naturally aspirated versions were
produced. Most turbocharged versions feature an intercooler, although a limited number
of installations in the Citroën Xantia featured a Turbocharger without intercooler. Both
engines also featured either a Bosch or a Lucas mechanical fuel pump and injectors. The
original XUD9 engine is known as the "square port" engine, as its cylinder head has
square exhaust ports. Later (and noticeably improved) XUD9A engines have oval ports.

Model Output Notes Model of car

65 PS
XUD9 Diesel Peugeot 309 GLD
(64 hp/47 kW)
ROVER 200 MK2
D
71 PS
XUD9 A Diesel Citroën Berlingo
(70 hp/52 kW)
FSO Polonez
Citroën ZX
XUD9 92 PS Citroën Xsara
Diesel turbo with intercooler
TE/L (90 hp/67 kW) Peugeot 306
Peugeot 405
63 PS
XUD9 SD Diesel turbo catalyst Suzuki Samurai
(62 hp/46 kW)
75 PS Citroën Xantia
XUD9 SD Diesel turbo catalyst
(74 hp/55 kW) Peugeot 406
 Suzuki Baleno
XUD9 90 PS Diesel turbo with intercooler
Citroën Xantia
TE/Y (88 hp/66 kW) catalyst
68 PS
XUD9/Z Diesel catalyst
(67 hp/49 kW)

XUD11[edit]
The XUD11 was available in two displacements:

 2.1 L (2,138 cc) — XUD11 A naturally aspirated

 2.1 L (2,088 cc) — XUD11 ATE/BTE turbocharged

Both were 12-valve SOHC engines with a 92 mm (3.6 in) stroke. The naturally
aspirated XUD11 A was bored to 86 mm (3.4 in) for a total displacement of 2.1 L
(2,138 cc), while the turbocharged ATE/BTE versions were reduced in bore to 85 mm
(3.3 in) for a total of 2,088 cc.

Model Output Notes Model of car

XUD11 A 83 PS (81 hp/61 kW) Diesel 12-valve SOHC
XUD11 110 PS
Diesel 12-valve SOHC turbo Citroën XM
ATE (108 hp/80 kW)
XUD11 110 PS Diesel 12-valve SOHC turbo Peugeot 406, Peugeot
BTE (108 hp/80 kW) catalyst 605

Vehicles[edit]
The engine has been installed into the following vehicles:-

 Auverland A3  LDV 200

 Citroën BX  Peugeot 205
 Citroën Visa  Peugeot 305
 Citroën C15  Peugeot 306
 Citroën ZX  Peugeot 309
 Citroën Xsara  Peugeot 405
 Citroën Berlingo  Peugeot 406
 Citroën Xantia  Peugeot 605
 Citroën XM  Peugeot Expert
 Eurovan (PSA/Fiat joint venture)  Peugeot Partner
Sevel Nord  Suzuki Baleno
o Citroën  Suzuki Samurai
Evasion/Synergie/C8  Suzuki Vitara
o Fiat Ulysse  Talbot Horizon
o Peugeot 806/807  Toyota Corolla (pre-2001)
o Lancia Zeta/Phedra  Rover 200
 Sevel Sud - Larger Panel Van  Rover 400
PSA/Fiat Ducato joint venture
 o Citroën C25
o Citroën Jumper (Relay in
UK)
o Peugeot J5 (Talbot Express
in UK)
o Peugeot Boxer
 FSO Polonez/Caro
 Honda Concerto (badge engineered
Rover 200 diesel for European market)
 Lada Niva

Note: The Rover 100/Metro, Peugeot 106, and Citroën AX diesels used the much
smaller TUD diesel engines, developed from the petrol PSA TU engine series.