JABATAN : Staf Pengajar Bagian Ilmu Penyakit Saraf FK.UNPAD – RS dr Hasan Sadikin Bandung PENDIDIKAN : 1. Pendidikan Dokter FK Unpad,lulus tahun 2001 2. Pendidikan Spesialis I.P.Saraf FK Unpad,lulus tahun 2007 3. Program Pascasarjana Double degree UNPAD,2007 4. Progam pendidikan PHD Radboud University Nijmegen, 2014 ‐ sekarang RIWAYAT PEKERJAAN : 1. Staf Pengajar Bagian I.P.Saraf RSHS‐FK UNPAD 2. Pusat Study Tb‐HIV, FK UNPAD ORGANISASI : Anggota PERDOSSI Cabang Bandung Low back pain • Pain and discomfort of varying duration localized below the costal margin and above the inferior gluteal folds, includes the five vertebrae (L1‐L5) with or without irradiation in the lower limb. • Muscular origin, degenerative changes, infection • Terminology: vertebral osteomyelitis, spinal osteomyelitis, spondylodiskitis, septic diskitis, disk‐space infection(Zimmerli 2010) • Rare 2.4 cases per 100.000 population(Grammatico, Baron et al. 2008) • Common comorbidities • Immunosuppression : elderly (>50 y.o), DM, immunosuppressive therapy • Degenerative joint disease • Spinal injury • Renal insufficiency, cirrhosis and malignancy • Hematogenous seeding, direct inoculation, contiguous spread from an infection in the adjacent soft tissue. • Endocarditis, urinary tract infection, post laparotomy procedure/other surgery procedure etc Clinical symptoms • Back pain, fever, local tenderness (Sapico and Montgomerie 1979) • With or without fever (52% had fever) • Mostly chronic (50% > 3 months, 20% <3 weeks) • ~15% atypical symptoms: chronic overshadowing of back pain • Severe, persistent, worse at night and/or aggravated by movement. • Compression to spinal cord or nerve may causing tingling, numbness, and /or burning, lancinating feeling, spread to hip or leg • Motoric abnormalities, bladder or bowel problems • Swelling, fever, sweating, weight loss, vomiting, weakness, and/or malaise. Laboratory findings • With or without leucocytosis • Elevated ESR (92%) • Elevated C reactive protein • Blood culture • DD/: neoplastic, inflammatory, traumatic processes Diagnosis • Xray vertebrae: epidural or psoas abscess (17%), paravertebral (26%), disk space abscess (5%), compression deformity • Myelography: block at T12 level and compression deformity • CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan • Open biopsy or CT‐guided culture (mainly if blood culture negative) • S.aureus, M.tuberculosis, E.coli, etc CT scan of a section of the spinal column shows osteomyelitis in a vertebral body that has weakened the bone causing it’s collapse into a wedge-shape. Management • Antibiotic: 6‐12 weeks based on duration of infection and level of complication (Giri, Thavalathil et al. 2014) • Analgesics • Spinal bracing • Surgery (all cases with neurological deficit, infection of surgical implant, severe bone damage, and poor response to antibiotic therapy) • Surgical emergency: severe cord compression (by osteomyelitis or subsequent abscess) Take home message • Please consider as a differential diagnosis if there is a condition of patients with insidious back, chest, or abdominal pain of uncertain lesions