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Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics (7th Edition)

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Assuming the validity of Raoult’s law, do the following calculations for the benzene(1)/toluene(2)
system:
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(a) Given x1 = 0.33 and T = 100°C, find y1 and P.
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(b) Given y1, = 0.33 and T = 100°C, find x1, and P.

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(c) Given x1, = 0.33 and P = 120 kPa, find y1, and T.

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(d) Given y1, = 0.33 and P = 120 kPa, find x1, and T. Processes

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(e) Given T = 105°C and P = 120 kPa, find x1 and y1. 7th Edition 3rd Edition 8th Edition

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(f) For part (e), if the overall mole fraction of benzene is z1 = 0.33, what molar fraction of the two-
phase system is vapor?
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(g) Why is Raoult’s law likely to be an excellent VLE model for this system at the stated (or
computed) conditions? Sanjay
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Step 1 of 12 University of South... 268

The given binary mixture system is benzene (1)/ toluene (2) system.
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Write the mathematical expression of Raoult’s law as follows:

…… (1)

Here, is the total pressure, is the vapor phase mole fraction, is the liquid phase mole
fraction, is the vapor pressure of pure species.

Write the expression for total pressure by using Raoult’s law.

At ,

Then,

For binary species,

…… (2)

Write the expression for the saturation pressure using Antoine equation.

…… (3)

Here, is in , temperature is in , and are constants.

From table B.2, the values of and for benzene and toluene is as follows:

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Step 2 of 12

(a)

The given temperature is and the liquid phase mole fraction is . Then, calculate the
bubble pressure as follows:

The mole fraction of benzene in the liquid solution is and the mole fraction of toluene
in the liquid solution is .

Now, calculate saturation pressures of benzene and toluene in following manner:

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Step 3 of 12

Calculate the total pressure of the system from equation (2) as follows:

Substitute the known values in equation (1) and calculate the value of .

Therefore, the values of and are and respectively.

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Step 4 of 12

(b)

The given vapor phase mole fraction is and the temperature is . Then, calculate the
dew pressure as follows:

The mole fraction of benzene in the vapor phase is and the mole fraction of toluene
in the vapor phase is .

Now, calculate the saturation pressures of benzene and toluene from equation (3).
Comment

Step 5 of 12

To calculate liquid phase mole fraction, substitute the known values in equation (1).

Calculate the total pressure of the system from equation (2) as follows:

Therefore, the values of and are and respectively.

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Step 6 of 12

(c)

The given liquid phase mole fraction is and the total pressure of the system is .
Then, calculate the bubble temperature as follows:

The mole fraction of benzene in the liquid solution is and the mole fraction of toluene
in the liquid solution is .

Now, calculate the saturation pressure as follows:

To calculate the vapor phase mole fraction, substitute the known values in equation (1).

Calculate the total pressure of the system from equation (2) as follows:
 …… (4)

Let is ,

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Step 7 of 12

The assumed temperature is not satisfying equation (4) as follows:

Now, take different values of find the temperature at which it satisfies equation (4) using an
excel spread sheet.

Thus, the temperature of the system is .

To calculate the vapor phase mole fraction, substitute the known values in equation (1).

Therefore, the values of and are and respectively.

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Step 8 of 12

(d)

The given vapor phase mole fraction is and the total pressure of the system is .
Then, calculate the dew temperature as follows:

The given mole fraction of benzene in the vapor phase is .

Mole fraction of toluene in the vapor phase is .

Since the sum of mole fractions of benzene and toluene in liquid solution is equal to 1.

To calculate the temperature, use the following expression.

. . …. (5)

Now, using excel spread sheet calculate the value of at which equation (5) is satisfied.
 To calculate the vapor phase mole fraction, substitute the known values in equation (1).

Thus, the values of and are and respectively.

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Step 9 of 12

(e)

The given temperature is and pressure is . Then, calculate the liquid and vapor
phase mole fractions as follows:

Now, calculate the saturation pressures of benzene and toluene as follows:

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Step 10 of 12

Calculate the total pressure of the system from equation (2) as follows:

From Raoult’s law, calculate the value of .

Therefore, the values of and are and .

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Chapter 10, Problem 1P (31 Bookmarks) Show all steps: ON
 Step 11 of 12

(f)

The overall concentration of benzene is . For the fraction of liquid be and the
fraction of vapor is equal to .

The expression for the overall balance is as follows:

Write the expression for the mole balance of benzene as follows:

Solve equations (6) and (7) and calculate the values of .

The molar fraction of two phase system in vapor phase is .

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Step 12 of 12

(g)

Benzene and toluene are both non-polar and similar in shape and size. Therefore, there will be
very little interaction between them and more over high temperature and low pressure also favors
for the ideal behavior.

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