‫‪١‬‬

‫ﳏﺎﺿﺮﺓ‬

‫ﻓﻠﺬﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻛﺒﺎﺩ‬

‫)ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ(‬

‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬

‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺎﱂ ﺑﺎﺯﻣﻮﻝ‬

‫)ﻋﻀﻮ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺲ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻭﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ(‬
‫‪٢‬‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ‪ ،‬ﳓﻤﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻧﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻌﻮﺫ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻭﺭ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳـﻴﺌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﻬﺪﻩ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻼ ﻣﻀﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻳﻀﻠﻞ ﻓﻼ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﹰﺍ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ
‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻠﻤ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ‬‫ﻳ‪‬ﺎﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﹼﻟﺬ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺁ ‪‬ﻣﻨ‪‬ﻮﹾﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﺗﻘﹸﻮﹾﺍ ﺍﻟﹼﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻖ ﺗ‪‬ﻘﹶﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻻ‪‬ﺗﻤ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻦ ﹺﺇ ﹼﻻ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ـﺎ‬
‫ﺲ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺓ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﺑ‪‬ـ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻱ ‪‬ﺧﹶﻠ ﹶﻘ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣ‪ ‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ﹴ‬ ‫ﺱ ﺍ‪‬ﺗ ﹸﻘﻮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﱠﻟ ‪‬ﺬ ‪‬‬‫ﻳ‪‬ﺂﹶﺃﻳ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ‪‬ﺗﺴ‪‬ﺂ َﺀﻟﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ َﻷ ‪‬ﺭﺣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﹺﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻗﻴ‪‬ﺒﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﹺﺭﺟ‪‬ﺎ ﹰﻻ ﹶﻛ‪‬ﺜﻴ‪‬ﺮﹰﺍ ‪‬ﻭﻧﹺﺴ‪‬ﺂ ًﺀ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ‪‬ﺗ ﹸﻘﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﱠﻟ ‪‬ﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﺢ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﹸﺫﻧ‪‬ـﻮ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﻳ‪‬ﺎﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﹼﻟﺬ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺁ ‪‬ﻣﻨ‪‬ﻮﺍﹾ ﺍ‪‬ﺗﻘﹸﻮﹾﺍ ﺍﻟﹼﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﻗﹸﻮﻟﹸﻮﹾﺍ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ﹰﻻ ‪‬ﺳﺪ‪‬ﻳﺪﹰﺍ‪ .‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻄ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻟﹼﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﻓﻮ‪‬ﺯﹰﺍ ‪‬ﻋﻈ‪‬ﻴﻤﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺻﺪﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﲑ ﺍﳍﺪﻱ ﻫﺪﻱ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﳏﺪﺛﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ‬
‫ﳏﺪﺛﺔ ﺑﺪﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺑﺪﻋﺔ ﺿﻼﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺿﻼﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ :‬ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﳏﺎﺿﺮﺓ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ )ﻓﻠﺬﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻛﺒﺎﺩ(‪ ،‬ﺃﻟﻘﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﳌﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﳊﻨﻴﻒ ﰲ‬
‫ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﺑﻴﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻘﻮﻗﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﻋﻰ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺳﺠﻞ ﺷﻜﺮﻱ ﻟﻺﺧﻮﺓ ﺍﻷﻓﺎﺿـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﻢ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻲ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﶈﺎﺿﺮﺓ ﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺰﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺧﲑﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺩﺭﺕ ﺍﶈﺎﺿﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻫﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﺯﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ ﺳﺄﳍﺎ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﳌﺎﺫﺍ ﻧﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻓﻠﺬﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻛﺒﺎﺩ ؟‬
‫‪ (٤‬ﻣﱴ ﻧﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﻖ ﻓﻠﺬﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻛﺒﺎﺩ؟‬
‫‪ (٥‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﻧﻘﻮﻡ ﲝﻖ ﻓﻠﺬﺍﺕ ﺃﻛﺒﺎﺩﻧﺎ ؟‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﺳﺄﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺧﺎﻟﺼﹰﺎ ﻟﻮﺟﻬﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻭﺇﻳﺎﻛﻢ ﻫﺪﺍﺓ ﻣﻬﺘﺪﻳﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺻﺤﺒﻪ ﺃﲨﻌﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬

‫ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻜﻢ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‪:‬‬

‫‪(١‬אودنא‪،‬وמزא
אد‪ :‬‬

‫ﺲ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺓ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻖ‬

‫ﺱ ﺍ‪‬ﺗﻘﹸﻮﺍ ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﱠﻟﺬ‪‬ﻱ ‪‬ﺧﹶﻠ ﹶﻘﻜﹸﻢ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ﹴ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪  :‬ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭﺟ‪‬ﺎ ﹰﻻ ﹶﻛ‪‬ﺜﲑ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻭﹺﻧﺴ‪‬ﺎ ًﺀ  ]ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪.[١ :‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺯ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ﱠ‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺯﻭ‪‬ﺍﺟ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻟﻜﹸﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺯﻭ‪‬ﺍ ﹺﺟﻜﹸﻢ‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻟﻜﹸﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﻔ ِ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ  ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺕ  ]ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻞ‪.[٧٢ :‬‬ ‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺪ ﹰﺓ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺯﹶﻗﻜﹸﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﱠﻄ‪‬ﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺑﹺﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻟﻤ‪‬ـﻦ‬ ‫ﺨﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺸ‪‬ﺎ ُﺀ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬‬‫ﺽ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ َﻷ ‪‬ﺭ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﺎﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ِ  :‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻞ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳﺸ‪‬ﺎ ُﺀ‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻟﻤ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳﺸ‪‬ﺎ ُﺀ ﺍﻟ ﱡﺬﻛﹸﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪.‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹸﺫ ﹾﻛﺮ‪‬ﺍﻧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹺﺇﻧ‪‬ﺎﺛﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳﺸ‪‬ﺎ ُﺀ ﹺﺇﻧ‪‬ﺎﺛﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋﻘ‪‬ﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺇ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻗﺪ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ]ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺭﻯ‪.[٥٠ ،٤٩ :‬‬
‫ﺤﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟـ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻧﻴ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻢ ﺯﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ‪  :‬ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻝ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﻨ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺯﹺﻳ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ  ]ﺍﻟﻜﻬﻒ‪.[٤٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﹶﺛﻮ‪‬ﺍﺑ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻟﺤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻗﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪(٢‬אذ‪#‬אط! אوאون‪ :‬‬

‫ﻚ ﹸﺫ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻳ ﹰﺔ‬
‫ﺐ ﻟ‪‬ﻲ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﱠﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺩﻋ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﻛ ﹺﺮﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪  :‬ﻫ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺳﻤ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪﻋ‪‬ﺎ ِﺀ  ]ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪.[٣٨ :‬‬ ‫ﹶﻃ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺒ ﹰﺔ ﹺﺇ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻮ‪‬ﺍ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣ‪‬ـﻦ ‪‬ﻭﺭ‪‬ﺍﺋ‪‬ـﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ‪  :‬ﻭﹺﺇﻧ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺙ ﻣ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻦ ﺁ ﹺﻝ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﻘﹸـﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪.‬ﻳ ﹺﺮﹸﺛﻨﹺﻲ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﺮ ﹸ‬‫ﺐ ﻟ‪‬ﻲ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﱠﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬‫ﺖ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃﺗ‪‬ﻲ ﻋ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻗﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬‬‫‪‬ﻭﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﻴ‪‬ﺎ  ]ﻣﺮﱘ‪.[٦ ،٥ :‬‬ ‫ﺏ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻘﻴﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺃﺿﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ)‪" : (١‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﳝﺔ ‪ :‬ﻓﻬﺐ‬
‫ﱄ ﻣﻦ ﻟﺪﻧﻚ ﻭﻟﻴﺎ ﻳﻌﲏ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ؛ ﺑـﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺐ ﻟ‪‬ﻲ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﱠﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺩﻋ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﻛ ﹺﺮﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪  :‬ﻫﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺳﻤ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪﻋ‪‬ﺎ ِﺀ  ]ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪ .[٣٨ :‬ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺃﻳـ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹸﺫ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻳ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻃ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺒ ﹰﺔ ﹺﺇ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬

‫)‪.(٣٦٥/٣) (١‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬

‫ﲔ‬‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺧﻴ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﹾـﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﹺﺭ‪‬ﺛ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﻻ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﺭﻧﹺﻲ ﹶﻓﺮ‪‬ﺩﹰﺍ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ‪  :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﻛ ﹺﺮﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺇ ﹾﺫ ﻧ‪‬ﺎﺩ‪‬ﻯ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫)ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،(٨٩:‬ﻓﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﺬﺭﱐ ﻓﺮﺩﺍ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍ ﺑﻼ ﻭﻟﺪ"ﺍﻫـ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﻠﹸﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧﺘ‪‬ﺠﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺯ ﻋ‪‬ﻦ‬‫ﻭﻟﺬﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ :‬ﺍﱠﻟﺬ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﱠﻟﺬ‪‬ﻱ ﻛﹶﺎﻧ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﻳ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻋﺪ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺ‬‫ﺠ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺤ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻴﺌﹶﺎ‪‬ﺗ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬‫ﻚ ﺍﱠﻟﺘ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬‫ﺏ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﺯ ‪‬ﻋﻨﹺﻲ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺﻧ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪  :‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻭﹺﺇﻧ‪‬ـﻲ ﻣ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﺖ ﹺﺇﹶﻟﻴ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﺢ ﻟ‪‬ﻲ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﹸﺫ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻳﺘ‪‬ﻲ ﹺﺇﻧ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺗﺒ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻞ ﺻ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻟﺤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮﺿ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ  ]ﺍﻷﺣﻘﺎﻑ‪.[١٥ :‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪(٣‬ذא'מ*ن)ذא(א'د؟ ‬

‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﳌﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﷲ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻻ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ  ]ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪،[١١ :‬‬ ‫‪ (١‬ﺍﻣﺘﺜﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰﻭﺟﻞ‪ " :‬ﻳ‪‬ﻮﺻ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻧ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻭﻗﹸﻮ ‪‬ﺩﻫ‪‬ـﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ـﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪  :‬ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﱠﻟﺬ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺁ ‪‬ﻣﻨ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﻗﹸﻮﺍ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃﻣ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌﻠﹸـﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣ‪‬ـﺎ‬
‫ﻅ ‪‬ﺷﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﱠﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﺼ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍ َ‬ ‫ﻼﹲ‬ ‫ﻼ‪‬ﺋ ﹶﻜ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﻏ ﹶ‬
‫ﺤﺠ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹸﺓ ﻋ‪‬ﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ  ]ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ‪.[٦ :‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ "ﺍﻟﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﺜﻮﺭ")‪" :(١‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺎﰊ ﻭﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﲪﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪  :‬ﻗﻮﺍ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻜﻢ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻧﺎﺭﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻤـﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻜﻢ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺍﳋﲑ ﻭﺃﺩﺑﻮﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﺍ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻜﻢ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻴﻜﻢ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺭﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻋﻤﻠﻮﺍ ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﺗﻘﻮﺍ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻭﺍ ﺃﻫﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻳﻨﺠﻴﻜﻢ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺑﻦ ﲪﻴﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﺍ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻜﻢ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻧـﺎﺭﺍ‬

‫)‪.(٢٢٥/٨) (١‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺩﺑﻮﺍ ﺃﻫﻠﻴﻜﻢ"ﺍﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺃﺿﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ)‪" :(١‬ﻭﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻛﺰﻭﺟﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ ﻭﳓﻮﻫﻢ ﻭﻳﻨﻬﺎﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﱠـﺬ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺁ ‪‬ﻣﻨ‪‬ـﻮﺍ ﻗﹸـﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻧ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﻛﻠﻜـﻢ ﺭﺍﻉ ﻭﻛﻠﻜـﻢ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺭﻋﻴﺘﻪ" ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪".‬ﺍﻫـ‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﻭﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﺗﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺳﻴﺌﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺲ‬
‫ﺡ ﹺﺇ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ﺻﺎﱀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺼﺪﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‪  :‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﻧ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹺﺇ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ﹲﻞ ﹶﻏ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﺻ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻟ ﹴﺢ  ]ﻫﻮﺩ‪.[٤٦ :‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﻭﻷﻧﻪ ﻳ‪‬ﺮﺟﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﹾﻟﹺﺈ‪‬ﻧﺴ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻘﻄﹶـ ‪‬ﻊ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹺﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﺑﹺﻲ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺪﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺔ ﺟ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻠ ﹴﻢ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻊ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺻ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻟ ﹴﺢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪﻋ‪‬ﻮ‬‫‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹺﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎﹶﺛ ‪‬ﺔ ﹺﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ")‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ (٤‬ﻗﻴﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺌﹸﻮ ﹲﻝ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ﹸﻞ‬ ‫ﻉ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﺌﹸﻮ ﹲﻝ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟﹺﺈﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﹴ‬ ‫ﻉ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻛﱡﻠ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫" ﹸﻛﱡﻠ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﹴ‬
‫ﺴﺌﹸﻮﹶﻟ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ‬‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﺌﹸﻮ ﹲﻝ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹸﺓ ﺭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻴ ﹲﺔ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻉ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﹴ‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﺌﹸﻮﻝﹲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ِ‬ ‫ﻉ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﻝ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ‪ ‬ﻋ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﺨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻡ ﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﹴ‬
‫ﺴﺌﹸﻮ ﹲﻝ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﻉ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﺌﹸﻮ ﹲﻝ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻛﱡﻠ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﹴ‬ ‫ﻉ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﻝ ﹶﺃﺑﹺﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﹴ‬
‫‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ")‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﺑﹺﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪" :‬ﺁﺧ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋ‪ ‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻥ ‪‬ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﹶﺃﺑﹺﻲ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬

‫)‪.(٤٦٦/١) (١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺍﺏ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(١٦٣١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ ،(٨٩٣‬ﻭﻣـﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻛﺘـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻭﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(١٨٢٩‬‬
‫‪٦‬‬

‫‪‬ﺳ ﹾﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃﺑﹺﻲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﺍ ِﺀ ﹶﻓﺰ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳ ﹾﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻥ ﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﺍ ِﺀ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮﺃﹶﻯ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﺍ ِﺀ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ﱢﺬﹶﻟ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﻣ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺲ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ﹲﺔ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻧﻴ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﹶﻓﺠ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﺍ ِﺀ‬ ‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﹶﺃﺧ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻙ ﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﺍ ِﺀ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ؟ ﻗﹶﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺷ ﹾﺄ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻃﻌ‪‬ﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹸﻛ ﹾﻞ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﻓﹺﺈﻧ‪‬ﻲ ﺻ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﹺﺂ ‪‬ﻛ ﹴﻞ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﺄ ﹸﻛ ﹶﻞ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﺍ ِﺀ ‪‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺫ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻓﹶﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻞ ﹶﺫ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‬‫ﺼﱠﻠﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺳ ﹾﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻥ‪ :‬ﹺﺇ ﱠﻥ ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓﹶﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺁ ‪‬ﺧ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻞ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺳ ﹾﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻥ‪ :‬ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﹾﺂ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ﺫ‪‬ﻱ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﺣ ﱠﻘ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺣﻘ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺣﻘ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬‫ﺴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺣﻘ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ‪‬ﻨ ﹾﻔ ِ‬ ‫‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻟﹶ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓ ﹶﺬ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺫ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹶﻓﹶﺄﺗ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﺳ ﹾﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻥ")‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬‫‪‬‬
‫‪ (٥‬ﻋﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻭﺑ‪‬ﻨﺎﺗﻪ ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺽ ‪‬ﺧﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹰﺔ )ﺍﻟﺒﻘـﺮﺓ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻟ ﹾﻠﻤ‪‬ﻼﺋ‪ ‬ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﺔ ﹺﺇﻧ‪‬ﻲ ﺟ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹲﻞ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪  :‬ﻭﹺﺇ ﹾﺫ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ‪.(٣٠‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻖ‬ ‫ﺱ ﺑﹺﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﺽ ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﺩ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ﹺﺇﻧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻙ ‪‬ﺧﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹰﺔ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﺄﹶ ‪‬ﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﻀﻠﱡﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺳﺒﹺﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋﺬﹶﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺳﺒﹺﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹺﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﱠﻟﺬ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻀﱠﻠ ‪‬‬‫ﻭ‪‬ﻻ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺘﹺﺒ ﹺﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻬﻮ‪‬ﻯ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.(٢٦:‬‬ ‫ﺏ ) ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤﺴ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫‪‬ﺷﺪ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺑﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻧﺴ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﻫ‪‬ـﺬﹶﺍ‬ ‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﺧﺬﹸﻭ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﺭﺛﹸﻮﺍ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻜﺘ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺨﹶﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ‬
‫ﺽ ‪‬ﻣﹾﺜﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﺧﺬﹸﻭ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﺃﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﺬ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣ‪‬ﻴﺜﹶﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺩﻧ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮﻟﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻐ ﹶﻔﺮ‪ ‬ﹶﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹺﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ‪‬ﺗ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻓ‪‬ﻴﻪ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻟﹾﺂ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻟﱠﻠﺬ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﺏ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮﻟﹸﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹺﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻜﺘ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘﻘﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃﻓﹶﻼ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻘﻠﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ )ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﻑ‪. (١٦٩:‬‬
‫ﺕ‬‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻬﻮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﹶﺃﺿ‪‬ﺎﻋ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻼ ﹶﺓ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒﻌ‪‬ـﻮﺍ ﺍﻟـ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺨﹶﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻥ ﹶﻏ‪‬ﻴﹰﺎ )ﻣﺮﱘ‪.(٥٩:‬‬ ‫ﻑ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪" :‬ﹺﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻧﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻮ ﹲﺓ‬ ‫ﻱ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺭ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﺑﹺﻲ ‪‬ﺳﻌ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﻟﻴﻔﻄﺮ ﰲ ﺻﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(١٩٦٨‬‬
‫‪٧‬‬

‫ﻒ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﻠﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ )ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﻟ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻈ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻛﻴ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﻠﻔﹸ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻈ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻛ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ﹲﺓ ‪‬ﻭﹺﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻓ‪‬ـﻲ‬‫‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﻠﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ( ﻓﹶﺎ‪‬ﺗﻘﹸﻮﺍ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻧﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ‪‬ﺗﻘﹸﻮﺍ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﺴ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ﹶﻓﹺﺈ ﱠﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭﻝﹶ ‪‬ﻓ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ‪‬ﺑﻨﹺـﻲ ﹺﺇﺳ‪‬ـﺮ‪‬ﺍﺋ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻞ ﻛﹶﺎﻧ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺀ")‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ (٦‬ﳎﻠﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﻭﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻭﻫﻨﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺶ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﺗﻘﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺣﻘﻖ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺶ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺘـﻖ ﺍﷲ ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﳝﺘﺜﻞ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮﻩ ﻋﺎﺵ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﻧﻜﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﹺﻴ‪‬ﻴﻨ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪  :‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻞ ﺻ‪‬ﺎﻟ‪‬ﺤﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ﹴﺮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﺃﹸ‪‬ﻧﺜﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻓﹶﻠ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻥ )ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻞ‪.(٩٧:‬‬ ‫ﺴ ﹺﻦ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﹶﺎﻧ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﻠﹸﻮ ﹶ‬‫ﺠ ﹺﺰ‪‬ﻳﻨ‪ ‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﹺﺑﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺣﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﹰﺓ ﹶﻃ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺒ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﻳ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺿﻨ‪‬ﻜﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧﺤ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ﹰﺔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺫ ﹾﻛﺮﹺﻱ ﹶﻓﹺﺈ ﱠﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣﻌ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪  :‬ﻭﻣ‪ ‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻘﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋﻤ‪‬ﻰ )ﻃـﻪ‪. (١٢٤:‬‬
‫‪ (٧‬ﻭﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻧﻮﻗﻊ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻹﰒ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴﹶﺜ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﺔ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹸﻛﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺟﻠﹸﻮﺳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺮﹴﻭ ﹺﺇ ﹾﺫ ﺟ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹲﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻞ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﻗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻖ ﻗﹸﻮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ؟ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﹶﺎ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻄ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻄ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻄ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻗﹸﻮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ")‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤﹺﺒ ‪‬‬‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‪ " :‬ﹶﻛﻔﹶﻰ ﺑﹺﺎﹾﻟﻤ‪ ‬ﺮ ِﺀ ﹺﺇﹾﺛﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﻪ‪ " :‬ﻛﻔﻰ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺀ ﺇﲦﹰﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﻮﺕ")‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪-(٤‬وמ‪*#‬ق)ذא(א'د؟ ‬

‫ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﻖ ﻓﻠﺬﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻛﺒﺎﺩ ﺭﺍﻋﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺀ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﲔ ﻳﻔﻜﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﺝ؛ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ
ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﺴﻌﻰ ﻟﻠﺰﻭﺍﺝ ﻛﻞ ﺷﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹸﻛﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻲ‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﺔ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺸ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻣﻊ‪ ‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(٢٧٤٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﻤﻠﻮﻙ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(٩٩٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺻﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪.١٦٩٢‬‬
‫‪٨‬‬

‫ﺼ ﹺﺮ‬
‫ﺾ ‪‬ﻟ ﹾﻠﺒ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﹶﻓﹺﺈﻧ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃﻏﹶـ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﹾﻟﺒ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ﹶﺓ ﹶﻓﻠﹾ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ " :‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘﻄﹶﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻮ ﹺﻡ ﹶﻓﹺﺈ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹺﻭﺟ‪‬ﺎ ٌﺀ")‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﹺﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻟ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ
ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ‪‬ﺳﹶﻠﻤ‪‬ﺔ‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺﻦ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺃﹶﺑ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺴ‪‬ﺎﹺﻧ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﺼﺮ‪‬ﺍﹺﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‪" :‬ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮﻟﹸﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﹺﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻔ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﺑﻮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮﺩ‪‬ﺍﹺﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺴ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻓ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪﻋ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ﹸﻝ ﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ‬ ‫ﹶﻛﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺞ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﻬﹺﻴ ‪‬ﻤﺔﹸ ‪‬ﺑﻬﹺﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤﻌ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻫ ﹾﻞ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﺨ ﹾﻠ ﹺﻖ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺫ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﹶﺎ ﺗ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﻓ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﱠﻟﺘ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻢ" )‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﹶـﺎ ﹶﻝ‪" :‬ﺗ‪‬ـ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﺢ‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﺑﹺﻲ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺕ ﺍﻟـﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﺗ ﹺﺮﺑ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﹺﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﹺﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﹶﺎ ﹾﻇ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﹺـﺬﹶﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑﻊﹴ ‪‬ﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻙ")‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﰒ ﲟﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻷﺫﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪" :‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﹺﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﺃﺗ‪‬ـﻰ‬ ‫ﺱ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒﹸﻠ ﹸﻎ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻋﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﻴﻄﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺯ ﹾﻗ‪‬ﺘﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹸﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﻴﻄﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻨ‪‬ﺐ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺑﹺﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ﹺﻢ ﺍﻟﱠﻠﻪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺒﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ")‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﹺﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﺃﺭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﺄﹾ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺑﹺﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ﹺﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﱠـ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠﻬ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻢ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﳌﻦ ﺧﺎﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ ،(١٩٠٥‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬
‫ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﳌﻦ ﺗﺎﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀﺓ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(١٤٠٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﺰ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﱯ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﻫﻞ ﻳﺼﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؟ )‪ ،(١٣٥٨‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻛﺘـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﻟﻮﺩ ﻳﻮﻟﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(٢٦٥٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻛﻔﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ ،(٥٠٩٠‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻉ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(١٤٦٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ ،(١٤١‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬
‫ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(١٤٣٤‬‬
‫‪٩‬‬

‫ﻚ ﻟﹶـ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﻴﻄﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺯ ﹾﻗ‪‬ﺘﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓﹺﺈ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﹺﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﺫ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﻴﻄﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻨ‪‬ﺐ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺒﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﻴﻄﹶﺎ ﹲﻥ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ"‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻨﲔ ﻭﲢﺮﱘ ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻃﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠـ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋﻜﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ﹶﺔ ﻗﹶﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ﹴ‬ ‫ﺸ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺟﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﺔ ﹺﺑ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧﻬ‪‬ـﻰ ﻋ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﻐ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶـ ‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫ﺱ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ﹸﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﹸﺃﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﹴ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﻴﹰﺌﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺫ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﹶﻓﹺﺈﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳﻐ‪‬ﻴﻠﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃﻭ‪‬ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻈ ‪‬ﺮﺕ‪ ‬ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﻡ ‪‬ﻭﻓﹶﺎ ﹺﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﻲ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹾﺃ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‪ :‬ﹶﺫ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺳﹶﺄﻟﹸﻮ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺰ ﹺﻝ ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ")‪.(١‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻲ  ‪‬ﻭﹺﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮﺀُﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺌﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺮﻩ
ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﲰﺎﻩ ﻭﺃﺩ‪‬ﺍ ﺧﻔﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻹﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺃﻭﱃ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻭﻁﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺮﺍﻫﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻝ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(١٤٤٢‬‬
‫‪١٠‬‬

‫‪-0'(٥‬وמق)ذא(‪'/‬د؟ ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺫﻛﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ ﲨﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ (١‬ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻣﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﻏﻴﺒـﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﲰﺎﺀ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﺃﺳ‪‬ـﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺋ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‪" :‬ﹺﺇ ﱠﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬‬
‫ﹺﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺﻦ")‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺒ ﹲﺔ ﻗﹶـﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﹶـﺎ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﺻ‪‬‬‫ﺖ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻭﻛﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺠ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﺑﹺﻲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ﹴ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ‪‬ﻋﻘ‪‬ﻴﻞ ﺑ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺷﺒﹺﻴ ﹴ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﺀ ﹺﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﹺﺑﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺳﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧﹺﺒﻴ‪‬ﺎ ِﺀ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‪" :‬ﺗ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﺓ")‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺤﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺙ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺪﹸﻗﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺣ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ ﹲ‬ ‫‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻀ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻲ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﺳﲑﹺﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺛﹶﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ﹾﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻥ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹴﺮ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ﹸﻝ‪ " :‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐﻠﹶﺎ ﹺﻡ ‪‬ﻋﻘ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻘ ﹲﺔ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻫﺮﹺﻳﻘﹸﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺩﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃﻣ‪‬ﻴﻄﹸـﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻋﻨ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﺫﹶﻯ")‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻉ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﻔﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺮﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻭﺣﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻻ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻫﻦ‪ ‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ ﻛﹶـﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪  :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﻮ‪‬ﺍ‪‬ﻟﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﺭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﺃﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺿ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﺔ  ]ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪.[٢٣٣ :‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﲏ ﺑﺄﰊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(٢١٣٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﻨﺪ )ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ )‪ ،٣٧٧/٣١‬ﲢﺖ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ ، (١٩٠٣٢‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﲢﺖ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ ،(٤٩٥٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﻴـﻞ‪ ،‬ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗـﻢ‬
‫)‪ .(٣٥٦٥‬ﻭﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺷﺒﻴﺐ‪ :‬ﳎﻬﻮﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﱂ ﻳﺮﻭ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺭﺍﻭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒـﺎﻥ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﳏﻘﻘﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺇﻣﺎﻃﺔ ﺍﻷﺫﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﱯ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(٥٤٧١‬‬
‫‪١١‬‬

‫‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻑﻻ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻦ ﺑﹺـﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌﺮ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺗﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪  :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮﻟﹸﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﺯﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭﻛ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﹺﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻌﻬ‪‬ﺎ )ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‪.(٢٣٣‬‬ ‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻜﱠﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺯﹸﻗ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﹺﺇﻳ‪‬ـﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ )ﺍﻷﻧﻌـﺎﻡ‪ :‬ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﻻ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺘﻠﹸﻮﺍ ﹶﺃﻭ‪‬ﻻ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹺﺇﻣ‪‬ﻼ ﹴ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‪.(١٥١‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺯﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﹺﺇﻳ‪‬ـﺎ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﹺﺇ ﱠﻥ‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﺔ ﹺﺇﻣ‪‬ﻼ ﹴ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﻭ‪‬ﻻ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺘﻠﹸﻮﺍ ﹶﺃﻭ‪‬ﻻ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺧﻄﹾﺌﹰﺎ ﹶﻛﺒﹺﲑﹰﺍ )ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﺀ‪.(٣١:‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻮﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﺍﺟﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﳌﺎ ﺧﺎﻓﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻗﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺷﺪﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺮﺯﻗﻬﻢ ﻭﺇﻳﺎﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻋ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺋ ﹸﺬ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪" :‬ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ‪‬ﻋﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﺓ ﺑ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﻱ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮﻧﹺﻲ ﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ﻮ ﹺﺇ ‪‬ﺩﺭﹺﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺷ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻘﺒ‪‬ﺎ ِﺀ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﹶﻠ ﹶﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺔ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ـﻮ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺤ‪‬ﺎﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻪ‪" :‬ﺑ‪‬ـﺎﹺﻳﻌ‪‬ﻮﻧﹺﻲ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶـﻰ ﹰﺃ ﱠﻻ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﺼ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺑ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹺﺮﻗﹸﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺰﻧ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺘﻠﹸﻮﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﺗ‪‬ـ ﹾﺄﺗ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﹺﺑ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻬﺘ‪‬ـﺎ ‪‬ﻥ‬ ‫ﺸ ﹺﺮﻛﹸﻮﺍ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭﻓﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ‬‫‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻔ‪‬ﺘﺮ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻠ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﺼ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺮ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻣ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﺐ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻧﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻛﻔﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹲﺓ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﺻ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﹶﻓﻌ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻗ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺫ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﺻ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ﹺﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹺﺇ ﹾﻥ ﺷ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻋﻔﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹺﺇ ﹾﻥ ﺷ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ﻋ‪‬ﺎﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ‬ ‫ﹶﺫ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺫﻟ‪‬ﻚ")‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ
‪ " :‬ﻛﻔﻰ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺀ ﺇﲦﹰﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﻮﺕ")‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻝ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﺔ ﻗﹶﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ﹶﺔ ‪" :‬ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺑ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻫﺸ‪‬ﺎ ﹴﻡ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮﻧﹺﻲ ﹶﺃﺑﹺﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋﺎ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﻄ‪‬ﻴﻨﹺﻲ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻜﻔ‪‬ﻴﻨﹺﻲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺪ‪‬ﻱ ﹺﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃﺧ‪‬ـ ﹾﺬ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹺﺇ ﱠﻥ ﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ﹾﻔﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹲﻞ ‪‬ﺷﺤ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺢ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺣﺐ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ ،(١٨‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻛﺘـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻷﻫﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(١٧٠٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺃﺻﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪١٢‬‬

‫ﻑ")‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻙ ﺑﹺﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌﺮ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬

‫‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ؟ ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﺬ‪‬ﻱ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻜﻔ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‪" :‬ﻣ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋ‪‬ـﺎ ﹶﻝ‬
‫ﻚ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺭ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺲ ‪‬ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹺ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃﺻ‪‬ﺎﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ")‪.(٢‬‬‫ﺟ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒﹸﻠﻐ‪‬ﺎ ﺟ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻘﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶـﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨﺒ‪‬ـ ﹺﺮ‬ ‫ﺸ ﹴﲑ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻌﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹴﺮ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺭﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﺔ‪ :‬ﻟﹶﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭﺿ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﺓ ﹺﺑ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬‫‪‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ﹸﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋﻄﹶﺎﻧﹺﻲ ﹶﺃﺑﹺﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻄ‪‬ﻴ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﺳ‪‬ـﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓﻘﹶـﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹺﺇﻧ‪‬ـﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴﻪ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓﹶﺄﺗ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺭﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻄ‪‬ﻴ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗﻨﹺﻲ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻙ ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍ‪‬ﺑﻨﹺﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ﹺﺑ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻄ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺳ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻙ ‪‬ﻣﹾﺜ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻫﺬﹶﺍ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﹶﺎ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﹶﺎ‪‬ﺗﻘﹸﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪﻟﹸﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﹶـﺎ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻄ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻄ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ")‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫‪ (٦‬ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﺯﻗﹰـﺎ ‪‬ﻧﺤ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﺴﹶﺄﹸﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﺻ ﹶﻄﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻻ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﹶ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺑﹺﺎﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪  :‬ﻭﹾﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﺔ ﻟ‪‬ﻠ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻘﻮ‪‬ﻯ  )ﻃﻪ‪.(١٣٢ :‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺯﹸﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠﻴ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﺑﹺﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺮﹺﻭ ‪‬ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻴ ﹴ‬
‫ﲔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺿ‪ ‬ﹺﺮﺑ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑﻨ‪‬ـﺎ ُﺀ‬‫ﺼﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺓ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑﻨ‪‬ﺎ ُﺀ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻊ ‪‬ﺳﹺﻨ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺩﻛﹸ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﹺﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ﹴﺮ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮﻗﹸﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺟ ﹺﻊ")‪.(٤‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫‪ (٧‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ
‪" :‬ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪﻋ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪﻋ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪﻋ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣﻮ‪‬ﺍﻟ‪ ‬ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗﻮ‪‬ﺍ‪‬ﻓﻘﹸﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹰﺔ‬
‫ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﻔ ِ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻓﻠﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗـﻢ )‪،(٥٣٦٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻗﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(١٧١٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﱪ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(٢٦٣١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳍﺒﺔ ﻭﻓﻀﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺾ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﺷﻬﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳍﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗـﻢ )‪،(٢٥٨٧‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳍﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺍﻫﺔ ﺗﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﰲ ﺍﳍﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(١٦٢٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﻨﺪ )‪ ،(١٨٠/٢‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻣﱴ ﻳﺆﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(٤٩٥‬‬
‫‪١٣‬‬

‫ﺐ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ")‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘﺠﹺﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﺄ ﹸﻝ ﻓ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋﻄﹶﺎ ٌﺀ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﻜﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﳉﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺠ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺢ‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪" :‬ﹺﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﺍﺳ‪‬ـ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﺒﹺ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺟ‪‬ﺎﹺﺑ ﹴﺮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﺣ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺌ ‪‬ﺬ ﹶﻓﹺﺈﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﺫﻫ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬‫ﺸﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻃ ‪‬‬‫ﺻ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓﹺﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﺍﻟﱠﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻞ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ‪‬ﻴﻞﹺ ﹶﻓ ﹸﻜﻔﱡﻮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ﹾﺫ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﺼﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ﹾﺫ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻃ ‪‬ﻔ ﹾﺊ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬‫ﺨﻠﱡﻮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻏ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺑ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺸ‪‬ﺎ ِﺀ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ‬
‫ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻙ ‪‬ﺳﻘﹶﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻙ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ﹾﺫ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺﺇﻧ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻙ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ﹾﺫ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ")‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ (٩‬ﺗﺮﻏﻴﺒﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺬﻳﺮﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺀ‪:‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‪ " :‬ﻣﹶﺜ ﹸﻞ‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺤﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻛ ﹺﲑ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺀ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻤﹶﺜ ﹺﻞ ﺻ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺠﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺲ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻟ ﹺﺢ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺠﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹺ‬‫ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‬‫ﻚ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﳛ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻛ ‪‬ﲑ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘﺮﹺﻳ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺗ ﹺ‬
‫ﻚ ﹺﺇﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬‫ﺴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺻ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ﹺ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﹺﺭﳛ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺧﺒﹺﻴﹶﺜ ﹰﺔ")‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺗ ﹺ‬
‫‪ (١٠‬ﺭﲪﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻓﻖ ‪‬ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ‪:‬‬‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﹶﺛ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﹶﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺸ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬‫ﻋﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮﻭ‪‬ﺓ ﺑ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﺮ ﻋﻦ ‪‬ﻋﺎ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨﺪ‪‬ﻱ ﹶﻏ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺓ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻄ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘﻬ‪‬ـﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﹶﺄﹸﻟﻨﹺﻲ ﹶﻓﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ﹺ‬ ‫"ﺟ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ‪‬ﺗﻨﹺﻲ ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹲﺓ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﺘ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺪﹾﺛ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﹺﺒﻲ‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬‫ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ ﹺﺇﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ")‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻓﹶﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳﻠ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺬ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻱ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﹶﺛﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺳﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺﻦ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺋﻖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﻭﻗﺼﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮ
‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(٣٠١٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺪﺀ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺇﺑﻠﻴﺲ ﻭﺟﻨﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ ،(٣٢٨٠‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻛﺘـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺷﺮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺀ ﻭﺇﻳﻜﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(٢٠١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺎﺭ ﻭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﻚ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ ،(٢١٠١‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﱪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﳎﺎﻟﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳎﺎﻧﺒﺔ ﻗﺮﻧﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺀ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(٢٦٢٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻭﺗﻘﺒﻴﻠﻪ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻧﻘﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ ،(٥٩٩٤‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(٢٦٣٩‬‬
‫‪١٤‬‬

‫ﺲ‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﺎﹺﺑ ﹴ‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻠﻲ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫"ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻨﻈﹶـ ‪‬ﺮ‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﹰﺓ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ‪ :‬ﹺﺇ ﱠﻥ ﻟ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﻤ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻲ ﺟ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻢ")‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﹺﺇﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠـ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠﻴ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﺖ ‪" :‬ﺟ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋﺮ‪‬ﺍﺑﹺ ‪‬ﻲ ﹺﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﹶﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺸ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻓﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﺒﹸﻠﻬ‪ ‬ﻢ ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﺒﻠﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﺔ")‪.(٢‬‬‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗ ﹾﻠﹺﺒ ‪‬‬‫ﻚ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﺳ‪‬ـﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﺙ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪" :‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﺑﹺﻲ ‪‬ﺳﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﺮﹺﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﹶﻠ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻈ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﺍ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻘﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫﹶﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﹶﺄﹶﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺒ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘﻘﹶﺎ ﹺﺭﺑ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻓﺄﹶﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻤﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮﻛﹾﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮﻧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺭﻓ‪‬ﻴﻘﹰﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺣ‪‬ﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﹺﺟﻌ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﹺﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌﱢﻠﻤ‪‬ـﻮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺼﻠﹶﺎ ﹸﺓ ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺆ ﱢﺫ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻﻠﱢﻲ ‪‬ﻭﹺﺇﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻﻠﱡﻮﺍ ﹶﻛﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘﻤ‪‬ﻮﻧﹺﻲ ﹸﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﻣ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ")‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ (١١‬ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻭﺓ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻌﻤﻮﻡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻛﻠﻜﻢ ﺭﺍﻉ ﻭﻛﻠﻜﻢ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺭﻋﻴﺘﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ (١٢‬ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻬﻢ ﻣﺎ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﻦ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻠﹾـ ﹺﻢ‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‪ " :‬ﹶﻃﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺭ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹺ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻠ ﹴﻢ")‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬‫ﹶﻓﺮﹺﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻔﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﲢﺼﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻭﺗﻘﺒﻴﻠﻪ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻧﻘﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ ،(٥٩٩٧‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺭﲪﺘﻪ
ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(٢٣١٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻭﺗﻘﺒﻴﻠﻪ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻧﻘﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ ،( ،(٥٩٩٨‬ﻭﻣـﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﱪ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺭﲪﺘﻪ
ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(٢٣١٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻬﺎﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(٦٠٠٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(٢٢٤‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳋﺘﺎﻡ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻋﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﳏﻞ ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠﻤ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣﻮ‪‬ﺍﹸﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃﻭ‪‬ﻻ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻓ‪‬ﺘﻨ‪‬ـ ﹲﺔ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋﻈ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻢ )ﺍﻷﻧﻔﺎﻝ‪.(٢٨:‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺃﺿﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ)‪" :(١‬ﺃﻣﺮ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﳝﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻣـﻮﺍﳍﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻭﻻﺩﻫﻢ ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﳜﺘﱪﻭﻥ ‪‬ﺎ ﻫﻞ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺳﺒ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﻮﻉ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺿﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻛﺎﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﳊﺬﺭ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﻗﻌﻮﻩ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﺮﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﰒ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻃﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻫﻢ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟـﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺼﻬﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻔﻮ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﺼﻔﺢ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺆﺍﺧﺬﻫﻢ ﻓﻴﺤﺬﺭ ﻣﻨـﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﻭﻳﺼﻔﺢ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﺇﻥ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺎﺑﻦ‪ :‬ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﱠـﺬ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻔﺤ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻔﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﹶﻓﹺﺈ ﱠﻥ‬‫ﺁ ‪‬ﻣﻨ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﹺﺇ ﱠﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺯﻭ‪‬ﺍ ﹺﺟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭ‪‬ﹶﺃﻭ‪‬ﻻ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭﹰﺍ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﺬﺭ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﹺﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﻔﹸﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻏﻔﹸﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺭﺣ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻢ‪ .‬ﹺﺇ‪‬ﻧﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣﻮ‪‬ﺍﹸﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃﻭ‪‬ﻻ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻓ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨ ﹲﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋﻈ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻢ )ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺎﺑﻦ‪.(١٤-١٥:‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﺮﺡ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺑﻨﻬﻲ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻠﻬﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺟﻞ ﻭﻋﻼ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﳋﺎﺳﺮ ﺍﳌﻐﺒﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺣﻈﻮﻇﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﱠﻟﺬ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺁ ‪‬ﻣﻨ‪‬ﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟﺨ‪‬ﺎﺳ‪‬ـﺮ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﻚ ﹶﻓﺄﹸﻭﹶﻟ‪‬ﺌ ‪‬‬‫ﻻ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻠ ﹺﻬ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣﻮ‪‬ﺍﹸﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭ‪‬ﻻ ﹶﺃﻭ‪‬ﻻ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺫ ﹾﻛ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻞ ﹶﺫ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﻮﻥ‪.(٩:‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﺑﺘﻼﺀ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ"ﺍﻫـ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻘﺼﲑ ﺍﳌﺮﺀ ﻻ ﳛﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺯﻭﺟﻪ ﻭ ﻻ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ؛‬
‫ﺼ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﻠﱠـ ‪‬ﻪ ﹺﺑﻤ‪‬ـﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭﺣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭ‪‬ﻻ ﹶﺃﻭ‪‬ﻻ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻘﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﲑ )ﺍﳌﻤﺘﺤﻨﺔ‪.(٣:‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﻠﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﺘﻼﺀ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﳜﺘﱪﻧﺎ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﻢ ﻧﺘﻘﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻓـﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﳓـﺴﻦ ﰲ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳍﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻀﻴﻌﻬﺎ؟‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺴ ﹺﻦ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﹺﺯﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻘ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳﺴ‪‬ﺎ ﹴﺭ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬‫ﻭﺍﷲ ﺳﺎﺋﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ؛ ﻋﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠﻴ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﻳﺜﹰﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺪﹸﺛ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻘ ﹲﻞ‪ :‬ﹺﺇﻧ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﱠﻟﺬ‪‬ﻱ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ﹸﻝ‪" :‬ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮﻋ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﱠـ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻋﻴ‪‬ـ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻓﻠﹶـ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫)‪.(٥٢-٥١/٢) (١‬‬
‫‪١٦‬‬

‫ﺠ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ"‪.‬‬‫ﺤ ﹶﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﺭ‪‬ﺍ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬‬‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺔ ﹺﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹺ‬
‫ﺤ ﹾﻄﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺑ‪‬ﻨﺼ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺵ ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﹺﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺕ ﻭ‪ ‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﻏﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻳﻤ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ‪" :‬ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻳﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮﻋ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻴ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻳﻤ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﺔ")‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﳏﻞ ﺇﹾﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ٍﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﳚﺮﻭﻧﻚ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺣﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺪﻭ‬
‫ﳚﺐ ﺍﳊﺬﺭ ﻣﻨﻪ!‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺭﺷﺪﻧﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﺇﱃ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﺬ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹸﻛﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺟﻠﹸﻮﺳ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﻆ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤ ﹶﻔ ﹸ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪" :‬ﻓ‪‬ﺘﻨ‪‬ـ ﹸﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺮﹺﻱ ٌﺀ! ﹸﻗﻠﹾـ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻛﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﹶﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﹺﺇ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻔ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ؟ ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪﹶﻗ ﹸﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﹾـﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟـ ‪‬‬‫ﺼﻠﹶﺎ ﹸﺓ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ﹺﻞ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭﺟ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻜ ﱢﻔ ‪‬ﺮﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻲ")‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﺘﺎﻣﹰﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﳝﺘﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺄﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺎﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﺴﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﺮﻳﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻧﻮﺡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺻﺎﳊﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺯﻭﺝ ﻟﻮﻁ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺻﺎﳊﺔ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺯﻭﺝ ﻧﻮﺡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺃ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬
‫ﲔ‪ .‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﻳ‪‬ـﺎ‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻛ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﹺﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﺑﻨﹺﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫﻠ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻭﹺﺇ ﱠﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ ‪‬ﻭﻧ‪‬ﺎﺩ‪‬ﻯ ﻧ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻚ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﹺﺇﻧ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹸﻈ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﹶﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﹶﺄﹾﻟ ﹺﻦ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬‫ﻚ ﹺﺇ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ﹲﻞ ﹶﻏ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﺻ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻟ ﹴﺢ ﻓﹶﻼ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﹺﺇ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻧ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻟ‪‬ﻲ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﹺﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤﻨﹺﻲ ﹶﺃﻛﹸـ ‪‬ﻦ ﻣ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻚ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃﺳ‪‬ﹶﺄﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﹺﺇﻧ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﺃﻋ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﺫ ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ‪ .‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟﺠ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟﺨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺳﺮﹺﻳ ‪‬ﻦ )ﻫﻮﺩ‪. (٤٧-٤٥:‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﳌﺎ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﺟﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻫﺪﺍﺓ ﻣﻬﺘﺪﻳﻦ ﻻ ﺿﺎﻟﲔ ﻭ ﻻ ﻣﻀﻠﲔ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺻﺤﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﻋﻰ ﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻨﺼﺢ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗـﻢ )‪ ،(٧١٥٠‬ﻭﻣـﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻘﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺵ ﺭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(١٤٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﱳ ﻭ ﺃﺷﺮﺍﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﻮﺝ ﻛﻤﻮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪.‬‬