Handover Parameter 2G

Cell Reselect Offset CRO
Value range: 0~63, the corresponding level value: 0~126dB, stepped every 2dB.
Unit: None
Content: Cell Reselect Offset. It is a parameter in C2 calculation to give a manual modification in MS
cell reselection.
Recommendation: 0
After cell selection, MS will reselect another better cell in idle mode. It is C2 parameter that determines cell
reselection. The principle for MS reselection is: select the cell with the maximum C2 as the serving cell.
C2 is determined by the following factors:
C2=C1+CRO-TO*H(PT-T)(PT <31)
C2=C1-CRO (PT = 31)
H(x)=0 if PT-T<0；
H(x)=1 if PT-T>0
As shown above, C1 indicates the quality of radio channel. The larger C1 is, the better the channel is. C2
value is based on C1, through CRO, C2 of various cells can be adjusted. Thus C2 value can be
calculated according to CRO, TO and PT in order to prefer selecting the cell in reselection process. That
is, in dual-band network,several parameters that influence C2 value can be set to make C2 value of
GSM1800 larger than that of GSM900. Therefore, even though the signal strength of GSM1800 cell is
weaker than that of GSM900 cell, MS can still reside in GSM1800 by the aid of these
parameters. Besides CRO, there are another two parameters influencing
C2:TEMPORARY_OFFSET(TO) and PENALTY_TIME(PT).
CRO is a manual modification on C2. Reasonable setting of this parameter can reduce handover times and
realize assignment to a better cell. Usually it is not set as larger than 25dB. Generally the cells with the
same priority in the network have basically the same CRO. Setting of this parameter only affects MS of
GSM Phase II.
4.8 Handover and Related Parameters

4.8.1 PBGT Handover Threshold (HoMargin)
I. Definition
The PBGT handover threshold is power handover tolerance (handover in serving areas).
When the signal level of neighbor cell is hoMargin (dB) higher than that of the serving cell,
handover occurs. Complex radio propagation conditions cause fluctuation of signal level.
Using handover tolerance avoids frequent handover at bordering areas. The PBGT handover
threshold is similar to HO_MARGIN (GSM 05.08).
II. Format
The PBGT handover threshold ranges from 0 to 127, corresponding to –64 dB to +63 dB. The
reference value for suburban areas is 68. The reference value for urban areas is 70 to 72.
III. Configuration and Influence
The PBGT handover threshold aims to adjust handover difficulty properly, and to avoid
ping-pong handover. If it is configured over great, the handover is delayed and handover is
less efficient. When it is smaller than 64, the MS hands over from the serving cell to the
neighbor cell with lower level.
4.8.2 Minimum Downlink Power of Handover Candidate Cells (rxLevMinCell)
I. Definition
It is the minimum allowed access level for a cell to be a neighbor cell. When the cell level
measured by MS is greater than the threshold, the BSS list the cell into candidate cell list
for handover judgment.
II. Format
It ranges from –110 dBm to –47 dBm.
It is helpful in the following two aspects:
 It guarantees communication quality.
For a common single layer network structure, the value ranges from –90 dBm to –80
dBm.
 It helps allocate traffic between cells averagely.
Especially in multi-layer network structure, to maintain MS in a network layer, you
can increase the level of the cell of the network layer (such as –70 dBm), and also
decrease that in other cells.
IV. Precautions
You cannot configure rxLevMinCell over great (over –65 dBm) or over small (lower than –95
dBm), and otherwise communication quality is affected.
4.8.3 Handover Threshold at Uplink Edge
I. Definition
If the uplink received level keeps being smaller than the handover threshold at uplink edge
for a period, edge handover can be performed.
II. Format
It ranges from 0 to 63, corresponding to –110 dBm to –47 dBm. The recommended values
are as follows:
 Configure it to 25 in urban areas without PBGT handover.
 Configure it to 20 in single site of suburban areas.
 Configure it to 20 in urban areas with PBGT handover
When PBGT handover is enabled, the corresponding edge handover threshold can be
lowered. When PBGT handover is disabled, and the edge handover threshold is over low,
an artificial cross-cell non-handover occurs. Therefore call drop occurs or intra-frequency
and side interference occur due to cross-cell talk.
4.8.4 Handover Threshold at Downlink Edge
I. Definition
If the downlink received level keeps being smaller than the handover threshold at
downlink edge for a period, edge handover can be performed.
II. Format
It ranges from 0 to 63, corresponding to –110 dBm to –47 dBm. The recommended values
are as follows:
 Configure it to 30 in urban areas without PBGT handover.
 Configure it to 25 in single site of suburban areas.
 Configure it to 25 in urban areas with PBGT handover
When PBGT handover is enabled, the corresponding edge handover threshold can be
lowered. When PBGT handover is disabled, and the edge handover threshold is over low,
an artificial cross-cell non-handover occurs. Therefore call drop occurs or intra-frequency
and side interference occur due to cross-cell talk.
4.8.5 Downlink Quality Restriction of Emergency Handover
I. Definition
If the downlink received quality is lower than the threshold of downlink quality restriction
of emergency handover, the quality difference emergency handover occurs.
II. Format
It ranges from 0 to 70, corresponding to RQ (QoS 0 to 7) x 10.
The recommended value is 50.
When frequency hopping is enabled, the voice quality is better with the same RQ, you can
configure it to 60 or 70. When emergency handover occurs, the intracell handover occurs
first. If there are no other candidate cells, and the intracell handover is enabled, the
intracell handover occurs.
4.8.6 Uplink Quality Restriction of Emergency Handover
I. Definition
If the uplink received quality is lower than it, quality difference emergency handover is
triggered.
II. Format
configure it to 60 or 70. When emergency handover occurs, the intracell handover occurs
first. If there are no other candidate cells, and the intracell handover is enabled, the
intracell handover occurs.
4.8.7 Uplink Quality Threshold of Interference Handover
I. Definition
It is the uplink received quality threshold of the serving cell that triggers interference
handover. The interference handover is triggered if all the following conditions are met:
 The uplink received level is higher than the uplink received power threshold of
interference handover.
 The uplink received quality is lower than the uplink quality threshold of
When handover switch is enabled, the interference handover occurs within the cell by
preference.
II. Format
configure it to 60 or 70. When interference handover is triggered, select the candidates
according to the sorted result. If the serving cell ranks first and its intracell handover is
enabled, the MS selects the serving cell; otherwise it selects the second candidate cell.
4.8.8 Downlink Quality Threshold of Interference Handover
I. Definition
It is the downlink received quality threshold of the serving cell that triggers interference
handover. The interference handover is triggered if all the following conditions are met:
 The downlink received level is higher than the downlink received power
threshold of interference handover.
 The downlink received quality is lower than the downlink quality threshold of
preference.
II. Format
configure it to 60 or 70. When interference handover is triggered, select the candidates
according to the sorted result. If the serving cell ranks first and its intracell handover is
enabled, the MS selects the serving cell; otherwise it selects the second candidate cell.
IV. Precautions
The interference handover quality must be better than emergency handover quality.
4.8.9 Uplink Received Power Threshold of Interference Handover
I. Definition
If interference handover occurs due to uplink quality, the serving cell must reach the
minimum uplink received power threshold. If this is met, the system judges that uplink is
interfered, so interference handover is triggered.
The interference handover is triggered if all the following conditions are met:
 The uplink received level is higher than the uplink received power threshold of
 The uplink received quality is lower than the uplink quality threshold of
preference.
II. Format
It ranges from 0 to 63, corresponding to –110 dBm to –47 dBm.
III. Configurationa and Influence
When interference handover is triggered, select the candidates according to the sorted
result. If the serving cell ranks first and its intracell handover is enabled, the MS selects
the serving cell; otherwise it selects the second candidate cell.
4.8.10 Downlink Received Power Threshold of Interference Handover
I. Definition
If interference handover occurs due to uplink quality, the serving cell must reach the
minimum downlink received power threshold. If this is met, the system judges that
downlink is interfered, so interference handover is triggered.
The interference handover is triggered if all the following conditions are met:
 The downlink received level is higher than the downlink received power
threshold of interference handover.
 The downlink received quality is lower than the downlink quality threshold of
preference.
II. Format
It ranges from 0 to 63, corresponding to –110 dBm to –47 dBm.
When interference handover is triggered, select the candidates according to the sorted
result. If the serving cell ranks first and its intracell handover is enabled, the MS selects
the serving cell; otherwise it selects the second candidate cell.
4.8.11 Maximum Repeated Times of Physical Messages (NY1)

I. Definition
In asynchronous handover process of GSM system, when the MS receives handover
messages of the network, it sends handover access messages on the target channel. After
the network receives the message, it does as follows:
1) Calculate related RF features.
2) Send physical messages (it the channel messages are encrypted, start encryption
and decryption algorithm) in unit data to MSs.
3) Start timer T3105.
If the network does not receive correct layer 2 frames sent by MS until expiration of
T3105, the network will resend the physical message and restart T3105. The maximum
times for resending physical messages is determined by the parameter maximum repeated
times of physical messages (NY1)
II. Format
NY1 ranges from 0 to 254.
When the network receives the handover access messages sent by MS, the physical channel
(PCH) needs to be synchronous. If the communication quality on channels is guaranteed,
the MS can receive physical messages correctly and send layer 2 frames to the network.
If the physical messages are sent multiple times, and the network cannot receive layer 2
frames sent by MS, the PCH is too poor to communicate normally. Though link is setup
after multiple trials, the communication quality is not guaranteed. This lowers the
utilization of radio resources. Therefore configure NY1 to a smaller value.
IV. Precautions
Configuring NY1 is affected by T3105. If T3105 is configured to a short value, then the NY1
needs to be increased accordingly.
If a handover trial fails before the original cell receives the HANDOVER FAILURE message,
and the T3105 of the target cell expires for Ny times, the target BTS sends a CONNECTION
FAILURE INDICATION message to the target BSC. Though the MS might return to the original
channel, the traffic measurement counters from multiple vendors will take statistics of
connection failure.
To avoid the previous phenomenon, configure T3105 as follows:
Ny * T3105 > T3124 + delta (delta: the time between expiration of T3124 and receiving
HANDOVER FAILURE message by original BTS)
4.8.12 Multiband Indicator (multiband_reporting)
I. Definition
In a single band GSM network, when the MS send measurement reports of neighbor cells to
the network, it needs to report the content of the six neighbor cells with strongest signals.
In a multiband network, operators wish that MS uses a band by preference in cross-cell
handover. Therefore the MS sends measurement reports according to signal strength and
signal band. The parameter multiband indicator indicates MS to report content of
multiband neighbor cells.
II. Format
The multiband indicator ranges from 0 to 3, with meanings as follows:
 0: According to signal strength of neighbor cells, the MS must report six allowed
measurement reports of neighbor cells with strongest signals and known NCC, with
the neighbor cells in whatever band.
 1: The MS must report the allowed measurement report of a neighbor cell with
known NCC and with strongest signals at each band expect for the band used by the
serving cell. The MS must also report the neighbor cells of the band used by the
serving cell in rest locations. If there are other rest locations, the MS must report
conditions of other neighbor cells in any band.
 2: The MS must report the allowed measurement report of two neighbor cells
with known NCC and with strongest signals at each band expect for the band used by
the serving cell. The MS must also report the neighbor cells of the band used by the
 3: The MS must report the allowed measurement report of three neighbor cells
with known NCC and with strongest signals at each band expect for the band used by
the serving cell. The MS must also report the neighbor cells of the band used by the
In multiband networks, it is related to traffic of each band. For configuration, refer to the
following rules:
 If the traffic of each band is approximately equal, and operators do not select a
band intentionally, you can configure the multiband indicator to 0
 If the traffic of each band is obviously different, and operators want MS to select
a band by preference, you can configure the multiband indicator to 3.
 For situations between the previous two, configure multiband indicator to 1 or
2.
4.8.13 Permitted Network Color Code (ncc permitted)
I. Definition
During a talk, the MS must report the measured signals of neighbor cells to the base
station, but each report includes only six neighbor cells. Therefore the MS is configured to
report the potential handover target neighbor cells, instead of reporting unselectively and
according to signal level.
To enable previous functions, restrict MS to measure the cells with the fixed network color
code (NCC). The NNC allowed by parameters list the NCCs of the cells to be measured by
MS. The MS compares the measured NCC of neighbor cells and NCCs set allowed by
parameters. If the measured NCC is in the set, the MS reports the NCC to the base station;
otherwise, the MS discard the measurement report.
II. Format
The parameter ncc permitted is a bit mapping value, consisting of 8 bits. The most
significant bit is bit 7 while the least significant bit is bit 0. Each bit corresponds to an NCC
code 0 to 7 (see GSM regulations 03.03 and 04.08).
If the bit N is 0 (N ranges from 0 to 7), the MS needs not to measure the level of the cell
with NCC of N. Namely, it only measures the signal quality and level of the cells
corresponding to bit number of 1 in NCC and ncc permitted configuration.
Each area is allocated with one or more NCCs. In the parameter ncc permitted of the cell,
the local NCC is absolutely and only included. If excluded, abnormal handover and call
drop occur. For normal roaming between areas, the NCC of neighbor areas must be
included in the edge cells of an area.
IV. Precautions
Improper configuration of the parameter causes normal handover and even call drop. The
parameter only affects behaviors of MS.
1.6 Cell Selection and Re-Selection

1.6.1 Cell Selection
When a MS is switched on, it tries to contact GSM PLMN that the SIM permits and select a proper cell to
extract control channel parameters and other system information. This process is called cell selection.
The priority levels of cells include normal, low, and barred. Low priority level cell is selected when
there is no proper normal cell.
A proper cell means:
The cell belongs to the selected network;
The cell is not barred;
The cell is not in the national prohibited roaming location area;
The path loss between MS and BTS is under the limit set by network.
The priority level of a cell is determined by CELL_BAR_QUALIFY (CBQ) and CELL_BAR_ACCESS (CBA).
1.6.2 Cell Selection Process
To perform cell selection and re-selection, MS requires all the frequencies monitored to stay at the
unweighted average value of Relev RLA_C.
I. Cell Selection When MS Storing No BCCH Information
MS searches all RF channels (at least 30 channels for 900 M, 40 for 1800 M, and 40 for PSC1900) in the
system to obtain the Relev of each RF channel, and calculate the RLA_C based on at least five samples
in three to five seconds, and then arrange these levels in descending order to select the proper BCCH.
MS selects the cells with normal priority first. If the proper cells have low priority, MS will select the
cell with the highest Relev. MS has already decoded and identified all these frequencies by now. If
there is no proper cell, MS will keep on searching. It takes a maximum of 0.5 s to synchronize a BCCH
TRX and 1.9 s to read the synchronized BCCH TRX data, except that it takes n*1.9s(n>1)to obtain the
system information.
II. Cell Selection When MS Storing BCCH Information
If MS stores the BCCH frequency list of the former selected networks, MS will perform measurement
sampling procedure (only for the stored BCCH TRX) according to this list. If the cell selection within
this list fails, common cell selection will be performed. If all the cells have low priority level, MS will
select the cell with the highest Relev. MS has already decoded and identified all these frequencies by
now. When a 900 M MS enters the 900/1800 network, MS will probably choose 900 M network and
ignore the priority level, because the MS stores all the 900 M frequency information in BCCH frequency
list.
III. Cell Selection Criteria
Parameter C1 is the path loss criteria for cell selection, C1 of the service cell must exceed 0, the
formula is as follows:
C1= RLA_C - RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN- MAX ((MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH- P), 0) (2-1)
For DCS 1800 cells:
C1 = RLA_C - RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN- MAX ((MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH + POWER OFFSET- P), 0)
In the formula:
RLA_C: Average value of Relev
RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN: Minimum Relev that MS allows
MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH: Maximum transmit power on control channel
P: Maximum transmit power of MS
POWER OFFSET：Power offset related to MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH used by DCS1800 cells.
1.6.3 Down Link Failure
Downlink failure criteria are based on DSC. When a mobile phone stays in a cell, DSC is initialized to an
integer most close to 90/N ( N is BS_PA_MFRMS, range value: 2–9). Each time when mobile phone
successfully decodes a message on its paging subchannel, DSC increases by 1, but DSC cannot exceed
the initial value; when decoding fails, DSC decreases by 4. When DSC<=0, downlink failure occurs.
Down signaling link failure will lead to cell re-selection.
1.6.4 Cell Re-Selection Process
In cell re-selection, mobile phone will synchronize and read the information from six BCCH TRXs (in BA
list) with strongest signals outside the service area. For multi-frequency mobile phones, the TRXs with
strongest signals may be in different frequency bands.
In idle mode, mobile phone monitors all the BCCH TRXs in BA list and averages each Relev from BCCH
TRX within 5 s to Max {5, ((5 * N + 6) DIV 7) * BS_PA_MFRMS / 4} s. N is the number of BCCH TRXs
outside service area in BA list. Each RLA_C requires at least five level measurement samples and has to
be updated from time to time. Service area samples the Relev at least once for each paging block to
mobile. RLA_C is calculated by averaging the level samples received from 5s to Max {5s, five
consecutive paging blocks of that MS}.
Each RLA_C update is followed by the update of the six BCCH TRXs outside the service area in BA list.
And the latter update may be even faster.
Mobile phone decodes all the BCCH data in a service cell every other 30 s and the BCCH data blocks
related to cell re-selection parameters of the six BCCH TRXs with strongest signals every other five
minutes. When the mobile phone detects that a new BCCH TRX becomes one of the six TRXs with
strongest signals, this BCCH TRX data should be decoded within 30 s. Mobile phone checks the BSICs of
the six BCCH TRXs with strongest signals to make sure they are in the same cell. If the BSIC of a TRX is
changed, the MS will regard the TRX as new TRX and reread the BCCH data.
MS will re-select a neighbor cell as service cell under certain condition. This condition includes several
factors, such as RLA_C, cell restriction (decided by cell_bar and cell_bar_qualify), and access state of
the neighbor cell.
Cell re-selection adopts C2 algorithm. The calculation formula is as follows:
When PENALTY TIME is not 11111
C2=C1+CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET–TEMPORARY_OFFSET*H (PENALTY_TIME–T);
When PENALTY_TIME is 11111
C2=C1-CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET.
When X>0, function H(x) =0; when X≤O, function H(x) =1.
T is a timer; its initial value is 0. When a cell is included in the six neighbor cells with strongest signals
by MS, the timer T of this cell begins to time; when a cell is excluded from the six neighbor cells with
strongest signals by MS, T will be reset.
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET adjusts the value of C2.
After T starts, TEMPORARY_OFFSET will modify the C2 algorithm according to the defined value before
the penalty time in order to avoid a micro cell or a cell with small coverage area is selected by a fast
moving MS. If the defined penalty time is out, the temporary offset will be ignored. Penalty time can
avoid the frequent cell re-selection in those coverage areas like express highway.
These parameters in C2 algorithm works only when CELL_RESELECTION_INDICATION is activated.
Otherwise, MS will ignore the setting of CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET, TEMPORARY_OFFSET, and
PENALTY_TIME, under such circumstances, C2=C1.
Cell re-selection will be triggered under the following conditions:
The C2 value of a certain cell (belonging to the same location area with the current cell) exceeds that
of the current cell by 5 seconds successively;
The C2 value of a certain cell (belonging to different location area from the current cell) exceeds the
sum of the C2 value of the current service cell and cell selection hysteresis value by 5 seconds
successively;
The current service cell is barred;
MS detects downlink failure;
The C1 value of the service cell is less than 0 for 5 seconds successively.
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4.3 Serial Parameters of Cell Selection and

Reselection
4.3.1 cell_bar_access
I. Definition
In the SI broadcasted in each cell, a bit indicates whether the MS is allowed to access the
network in the cell, namely, cell_bar_access.
II. Format
The value of cell_bar_access includes 1 and 0. The value 0 indicates that MS is allowed to
access the network from the cell. The value 1 indicates that the MS is barred to access the
network from the cell. Actually whether to allow MS to access the network from the cell is
determined by both cell_bar_access and cell_bar_qualify.

The cell_bar_access is configured by equipment room operators. Usually the MS is allowed to access
the network from all the cells, so cell_bar_access is configured to 0. In special situations, the operators
want some cell for handover service only, so cell_bar_access is configured to 1
The MS usually works in microcells (you can configure the priority of cells and reselection parameters
to enable this). When the MS is calling while moving fast, the network force MS to hand over to the
base station G. The signals of base station G are stronger than microcell base station in most areas.
When the call terminates, the MS just camps near base station G and at edge of microcell cells, the MS
will not reselect a cell according to GSM regulations, therefore the MS cannot return to microcell.
The capacity of base station G is usually small, so the previous phenomenon leads to
congestion of base station G. To solve the problem, you can configure the cell_bar_access
to 1, namely, to forbid MS directly accessing base station G. In area A, handover is allowed
to base station G.
IV. Precautions
The cell_bar_access is used only in some special areas. For common cells, it is configured to
0.
4.3.2 cell_bar_qualify
I. Definition
The cell_bar_qualify determines the priority of cells, namely, it enables MS to select some
cell by preference.
II. Format
The value of cell_bar_qualify includes 1 and 0. The cell_bar_qualify and cell_bar_access
determine the priority state of cells, as listed in Table 1-4.
Table 7-1 Cell priorities
cell_bar_qualify cell_bar_access Cell selection priority Cell reselection state
0 0 Normal Normal
0 1 Barred Barred
1 0 Low Normal
1 1 Low Normal
An exception is that the cell selection priority and cell reselection state are normal when
the following conditions are met:
 The cell belongs to the PLMN which the MS belongs to.
 The MS is in cell test operation mode.
 The cell_bar_access is 1.
 The cell_bar_qualify is 0.
 The access control class 15 is disabled.

The priority of all the cells are usually configured to normal, namely, cell_bar_qualify = 0. In
microcell and dualband networking, operators might want MS to camps on the cell of some
type by preference. In this situation, the equipment room operators can configure the
priority of these cells to normal and other cells to low.
During cell selection, when the proper cells with normal as the priority is not present
(proper cells means that all parameters meet the conditions for cell selection, namely, C1 >
0, and the cell is allowed to access), the MS will select cells with low priority.
IV. Precautions
Pay attention to the following aspects:
 When cell priority is used as a method to optimize network, the cell_bar_qualify
only affects cell selection, without any influence on cell reselection. You must
optimize the network by combining cell_bar_qualify and C2.
 During cell selection, when the proper cells with normal as the priority is not
present, the MS will select cells with low priority. Therefore when the level of the
cell with normal priority is low, and cells with low priority and high level are present,
the MS will access the network slowly while powering on.
4.3.3 Minimum Received Level Allowing MS to Access (RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN)
I. Definition
To avoid bad communication quality, call drop, and a waste of network radio resources due
to MS accessing the network at low received signal level, GSM regulations prescribe that
when an MS accesses the network the received level must be greater than the threshold
level, namely, the minimum received level allowing MS to access.
II. Format
The value range of RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN is from –110 dBm to –47 dBm.

The recommended RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN needs to be approximately equal to the receiving
sensitivity of MS. The RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN affects cell selection parameter C1, so it is
important to traffic adjustment and network optimization.
For cells with over high traffic and severe congestion, you can increase
RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN. In this way, the C1 and C2 of the cells decrease, and the effective
coverage range decreases. You must not configure RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN over great, because
this might cause non-seamless coverage and complaints for signal fluctuation. It is
recommended that the RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN is smaller than or equal to –90 dBm.
IV. Precautions
Except for areas of high density of base stations and of qualified coverage, adjusting cell
traffic by RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN is not recommended.
4.3.4 Additional Reselection Parameter Indicator
I. Definition
The cell selection and reselection by MS depends on the parameters C1 and C2. Whether C2
is the cell reselection parameter is determined by network operators. Additional reselection
parameter indicator (ADDITIONAL RESELECT) informs MS of whether to use C2 in cell
reselection.
II. Format
ADDITIONAL RESELECT consists of 1 bit. In SI3, it is meaningless, and equipment
manufacturers configure it to N. The MS uses ADDITIONAL RESELECT of SI4.
 When ADDITIONAL RESELECT is configured to N, the meaning is: if the rest bytes
of SI4 (SI4RestOctets) are present, the MS must abstract and calculate parameters
related to C2 and related cell reselection parameter PI.
 When ADDITIONAL RESELECT is configured to Y, the meaning is that the MS must
abstract and calculate parameters related to C2 and related cell reselection
parameter PI.
Cells seldom use SI7 and SI8, so you can configure ADDITIONAL RESELECT to N. When cells
use SI7 and SI8, and the parameter C2 is used in cell reselection, you can configure
ADDITIONAL RESELECT to Y.
4.3.5 Cell Reselection Parameter Indicator
I. Definition
The cell reselection parameter indicator (CELL_RESELECT_PARAM_IND) is used in informing
MS of whether C2 is a cell reselection parameter and whether C2 is present.
II. Format
The value of CELL_RESELECT_PARAM_IND includes Y and N, with the meanings as follows:
 Y: The MS must calculate C2 by abstracting parameters from SIs of cell
broadcast, and set C2 as the standard for cell reselection.
 N: The MS must set C1 as the standard, namely, C2 = C1.

The equipment room operators determine the value of PI. Configure PI to Y if related cells
set C2 as the standard for cell reselection; otherwise, configure it to N.
4.3.6 Cell Reselection Offset, Temporary Offset, and Penalty Time
I. Definition
After the MS selects a cell, without great change of all the conditions, the MS will camp on
the selected cell. Meanwhile, it does as follow:
 Starts measuring signals level of BCCH carrier in neighbor cells.
 Records the 6 neighbor cells with greatest signal level.
 Abstract various SI and control information of each neighbor cell from the 6
cells.
When conditions are met, the MS hands over from the selected cell to another. This
process is called cell reselection. The conditions include:
 Cell priority
 Whether the cell is barred to access
 Radio channel level (important)
When the signal level of neighbor cells exceeds that of the serving cell, cell reselection
occurs. The channel level standard used in cell reselection is C2, with the calculation as
follows:
1) When PENELTY_TIME ≠ 11111:
C2 = C1 + CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET - TEMPORARY_OFFSET * H (PENALTY_TIME - T)
Wherein, if PENALTY_TIME - T (x) < 0, the function H(x) = 0; if x ≥ 0, H(x) = 1.
2) When PENELTY_TIME = 11111:
C2 = C1 - CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET
T is a timer, with 0 as the initial value. When a cell is listed by MS in the list of cells with
maximum signal level, start T with step of 4.62ms (a TDMA frame). When the cell is
removed from the list, the associated T is reset.
After cell reselection, the T of original cell works as PENALTY_TIME. Namely, temporary
offset is not performed on the original cell.
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET (CRO) modifies cell reselecting time C2.
TEMPORARY_OFFSET (TO) is supplemented to C2 from starting working of T to the
prescribed time.
PENALTY_TIME is the time for TEMPORARY_OFFSET having effect on C2. When
PENALTY_TIME = 11111, the MS is informed of using C2 = C1 – CRO.
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET, TEMPORARY_OFFSET, and PENALTY_TIME are cell reselection
parameters.
 When the cell reselection parameter PI is 1, the MS is informed of receiving
values of three parameters on BCCH.
 If PI is 0, the MS judges that the previous three parameters are 0, namely C2 =
C1.
If the C2 of a cell (in the same location area as the serving cell) calculated by MS is greater
than the C2 of the cell where MS camps, and this lasts for over 5s, the MS reselects to camp
on the cell.
If the C2 of a cell (in different location area as the serving cell) calculated by MS is greater
than the sum of C2 of the cell where MS camps and cell reselect hysteresis, and this lasts
for over 5s, the MS reselects to camp on the cell.
The interval between two reselections is at least 15s, and this avoids frequent cell
reselection by MS.
C2 is formed on the combination of C1 and artificial offset parameters. The artificial offset
parameters help MS camp on or prevent MS from camping on some cell. This balances the
traffic of the network.
II. Format
1) The cell reselection offset (CRO) is in decimal, with unit of dB. It ranges from 0
to 63, which means 0 to 126 dB (2 dB as the step). The recommended value is 0.
2) The temporary offset (TO) is in decimal, with unit of dB. It ranges from 0 to 7,
which means 0 to 70 dB (10 dB as the step). The recommended value is 0.
3) The penalty time (PT) is in decimal, with unit of second. It ranges from 0 to 31.
The value 0 to 30 means 20s to 620s (20s as the step). The value 31 is reserved for
changing the effect direction of C2 by CRO. The recommended value is 0.

The previous parameters can be adjusted accordingly in the following three situations:
1) When the communication quality is bad due to heavy traffic or other causes,
change the parameters to enable MS not camps on the cell (the cell is exclusive from
the MS). For this situation, configure PT to 31, so TO is ineffective. C2 = C1 – CRO.
The C2 is artificially lowered. So the probability for MS to reselect the cell decreases.
In addition, the equipment room operators can configure CRO to a proper value
according to the exclusive level of the cell by MS. The greater the exclusion is, the
greater the CRO is.
2) For cells with low traffic and equipment of low utilization, change the
parameters to enable MS to camp on the cell (the cell is prior). In this situation,
configure CRO to 0–20 dB according to the priority. The higher the priority is, the
greater the CRO is. TO is configured the same as or a little greater than CRO. PT helps
avoid over frequent cell reselection, the recommended value of PT is 20s or 40s.
3) For cell with average traffic, configure CRO to 0, PT to 11111 so that C2 = C1.
No artificial influence is on the cell.
IV. Precautions
In whatever situations, the CRO must not be greater than 30 dB, because over great CRO
leads to unstable network, such as complaints about signal fluctuation.
4.3.7 Cell Reselection Hysteresis (CRH)
I. Definition
CRH affects cell reselection of cross location area. The MS starts cell reselection if the
following conditions are met:
 The signal level of neighbor cell (in different location area) is greater than that
of the serving cell.
 The difference between the signal levels of the neighbor cell and the serving cell
must be greater than the value prescribed by cell reselection hysteresis.
The difference is based on the cell reselection methods used by MS. If the MS reselects a
cell with C2, then compare values of C2.
II. Format
CRH is in decimal, with unit of dB. The range is 0 to 14, with step of 2 dB. The recommended
value is 4.

If the original cell and target cell belongs to different location areas, the MS must originate
a location updating process after cell reselection. Due to the attenuation feature of radio
channels, the C2 of two cells measured at the bordering area of neighbor cells fluctuates
much, so the MS reselect cells frequently. The interval between two reselections is over
15s, which is rather short for location updating. The signal flow of network increases
sharply, radio resources cannot be fully utilized.
During location updating, the MS cannot respond to paging, so the connection rate
decreases. Adjust CRH according to signal flow and coverage. When signal flow overloads or
location updating of cross location area is frequent, the cell reselection hysteresis is
increased as recommended. You must avoid abnormal coverage due to over large location
area.
IV. Precautions
Do not configure CRH to 0 dB.
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1.5 System Information
System information is sent to MS from network in broadcast form. It informs all the MSs within the
coverage area of location area, cell selection and re-selection, neighbor cell information, channel
allocation and random access control. By receiving system information, MS can quickly and accurately
locate network resources and make full use of all kinds of services that network provides. There are 16
types of system information: type1, 2, 2bis, 2ter, 3, 4, 5, 5bis, 5ter, 6, 7, 8, and 13.
System information is transmitted on BCCH or SACCH. MS receives system information in different
mode from different logic channel.
In idle mode, system information 1– 4, 7, and 8 are transmitted on BCCH ;
In communication mode, system information 5 and 6 are transmitted on SACCH;
The content of system information is as follows:
System information 1：cell channel description + RACH control parameter, transmitted on BCCH
System information 2： frequency description of neighbor cell + RACH control information + network
color code (NCC) permitted, transmitted on BCCH, used for cell re-selection
System information 2bis： Extended neighbor cell BCCH frequency description + RACH control
information, transmitted on BCCH, used for cell re-selection.
System information 2ter： Extended neighbor cell BCCH frequency description, transmitted on BCCH,
used for cell re-selection.
System information 3： Cell identity + location area identity (LAI) + control channel description + cell
selection + cell selection parameter + RACH control parameter, transmitted on BCCH.
System information 4： LAI + cell selection parameter + RACH control parameter + CBCH channel
description + CBCH mobile configuration, transmitted on BCCH.
System information 5： Neighbor cell BCCH frequency description, transmitted on SACCH channel, used
for cell handover.
System information 5bis： Extended neighbor cell BCCH frequency description, transmitted on SACCH
channel, used for cell handover.
System information 5ter： Extended neighbor cell BCCH frequency description, transmitted on SACCH
channel, used for cell handover.
System information 6： Cell Global Identification (CGI) + cell option＋NCC Permitted, transmitted on
SACCH.
System information 7： cell re-selection parameter
System information 8： cell re-selection parameter
BCCH is a low-capacity channel, every 51 multiframes ((235 ms) have only four frames (one information
block) to transmit a 23 byte LAPDm message.
Each information unit contains:
Cell channel description contains all the frequencies used in this cell.
RACH control information contains parameters such as Max Retrans, TX_integer, CBA, RE, EC, and AC
CN.
Neighbor cell BCCH frequency description contains the BCCH frequency that the neighbor cell uses.
Allowed PLMN is used to provide NCC Permitted that MS monitors on BCCH TRX.
Control channel description contains parameters such as MS ATTACH/DEATTACH allowed Indicator ATT,
BS-AG-BLKS-RES, CCCH-CONF, BA-PA-MFRMS, and T3212.
Cell selection contains parameters such as power control (PWRC) indication, discontinuous
Transmission (DTX) indication, and RADIO-LINK-TIMEOUT.
Cell selection parameter contains parameters such as cell re-selection hysteresis, MS-TXPWR-MAX-CCH,
and RXLEV-ACCESS-MIN.
CBCH channel description contains channel type and TDMA deviation (the combination mode of
dedicated channel), timeslot number (TN), training sequence code (TSC), hopping frequency channel
indication H, mobile allocation index offset (MAIO), hopping frequency sequence number (HSN) and
absolute radio frequency channel number ( ARFCN).
CBCH mobile configuration contains the relationship between hopping channel sequence and cell
channel description.
Cell re-selection parameter contains CELLRESELIND, cell bar qualify (CBQ), cell reselection offset
(CRO), temporary offset (TO), and penalty time (PT).

Handover Parameter 2G

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Handover Parameter 2G

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Cell Reselect Offset CRO

C2=C1-CRO (PT = 31)

4.8 Handover and Related Parameters

4.8.2 Minimum Downlink Power of Handover Candidate Cells (rxLevMinCell)

4.8.3 Handover Threshold at Uplink Edge

4.8.4 Handover Threshold at Downlink Edge

4.8.5 Downlink Quality Restriction of Emergency Handover

4.8.6 Uplink Quality Restriction of Emergency Handover

4.8.7 Uplink Quality Threshold of Interference Handover

4.8.8 Downlink Quality Threshold of Interference Handover

4.8.9 Uplink Received Power Threshold of Interference Handover

4.8.10 Downlink Received Power Threshold of Interference Handover

4.8.11 Maximum Repeated Times of Physical Messages (NY1)

4.8.12 Multiband Indicator (multiband_reporting)

4.8.13 Permitted Network Color Code (ncc permitted)

1.6 Cell Selection and Re-Selection

4.3 Serial Parameters of Cell Selection and

III. Configuration and Influence

cell_bar_qualify cell_bar_access Cell selection priority Cell reselection state

III. Configuration and Influence

4.3.3 Minimum Received Level Allowing MS to Access (RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN)

III. Configuration and Influence

4.3.4 Additional Reselection Parameter Indicator

4.3.5 Cell Reselection Parameter Indicator

III. Configuration and Influence

4.3.6 Cell Reselection Offset, Temporary Offset, and Penalty Time

III. Configurationa and Influence

4.3.7 Cell Reselection Hysteresis (CRH)

III. Configuration and Influence

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