Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection

”Integrated Environmental Management”

- Course Notes -
Master Study Programme: Environmental Management and Sustainable Energy
Year of Study: 1

First Name and Family Name: Carmen Teodosiu

Email: cteo@tuiasi.ro

C Carmen Teodosiu_tuiasi www.study.tuiasi.ro www.learning.tuiasi.ro

 ”Integrated Environmental Management ” – Course Notes

Course 12 : INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

C Carmen Teodosiu_tuiasi www.study.tuiasi.ro www.learning.tuiasi.ro

 ”Integrated Environmental Management ” – Course Notes

DEFINITION

• Global Water Partnership:

„Integrated water resources management is a process that promotes
coordination of development and management of water resources,
sustainable use of the land and other resources in
order to maximize economic outcomes and social welfare in an equitable
manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems”

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 ”Integrated Environmental Management ” – Course Notes

PREMISES

• World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002…each country must elaborate

schemes of integrated water resources management (IWRM) and strategies for
efficient use of water by 2005, due to the fact that the water is strongly related
to health, agriculture, energy and biodiversity.
• The industry produces the most severe impact on the environment, due to the
variety, volumes and toxicity of pollutants, lower degrees of purge before discharge.

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 ”Integrated Environmental Management ” – Course Notes

BASIC PRINCIPLES
International Conference on Water and Environment, Dublin, 1992

• The water is a finite good and a vulnerable resource, essential to sustain life, development
and environment; effective management of water resources requires a sustainable approach to the
soil, water, groundwaters;
• Development water resources management must be based on a participatory approach that includes the
users, those who develop strategies and manages the water resources and those abilities to take measures
at all levels… awareness, public consultation, users involvement in planning and implementing projects
on water resources;
• Women have a central role in the provision, management and preservation of water resources - this role is
sometimes reflected in the institutional configuration for development and water resources management;
• Water resources have economic value and in all its uses water should be considered as a valuable asset …
vital right of people to have access to drinking water and decent sanitation at an reasonable price.

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 ”Integrated Environmental Management ” – Course Notes

ESSENTIAL ASPECTS OF IWRM

Establishing the current
Commitments
situation and general objectives
development for reform
 Water resources
process
problems
Monitoring and  Political will
 Objectives and progress
assessment of progress  Awareness
 IWRM progress indicators towards indicators scheme of
integrated water resources  Interdisciplinary
and framework development dialogue between the
management (IWRM)
of infrastructure for the
 Recent international partners
management of water
progresses in the field
resources

Problems analysis:
 Requirements of water
resources management
functions
System  Management advantages
implementing and limits
 IWRM implementing
framework
 Infrastructure Action commitments Preparation of the
development for water development strategy and action plan
resources  Auspicious environment
 Institutional  Policy adoption  The role of institutions
capacity development  Acceptance by  Management
interested partners instruments
 Funding sources  Links with the national
identification strategies

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 ”Integrated Environmental Management ” – Course Notes

CHANGING/IMPROVEMENT… IWRM
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
 Strategies – involve goals establishment for water use, quality protection and its preservation
 Legislation
 Funding organizations
INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS
 Organizational framework - forms and functions of institutions
 Development of institutional capacity - human resources development
MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS
 Water resource assessment and correlation with the requirements of use
 Planning for IWRM-combining the options for development, the use of resources and human interactions
 Management of efficient use
 Social change instruments-encouraging a society educated in respect for water
 Conflict solving
 Adjusting tools-allocation of water resources and water use limits
 Economic instruments - use of water value and price to ensure its effective
and equitable
 Management and information communication - improving the knowledge for a better management of water
resources

C Carmen Teodosiu_tuiasi www.study.tuiasi.ro www.learning.tuiasi.ro

 ”Integrated Environmental Management ” – Course Notes

Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC)

• Regulate the water resources management at river basin level

• Brings together and harmonizes the old legislation in the field :
• Directive on Surface Waters(1975)
• Drinking Water Directive (1980)
• Municipal Waste Water Directive (1991)
• Nitrates Directive (1991)
• Drinking Water Directive (1996)

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 ”Integrated Environmental Management ” – Course Notes

Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC)

• Extension of water quality protection on all types of water, surface and groundwater;
• Achieving the statute of "good quality" waters for all types of water until a ser date;
• Water management should be done at the level of river basin;
• The combined approach of limit emissions and quality standards;
• Setting correct prices for water, depending on its destination;
• Stronger involvement of citizens;
• More direct legislation.

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 ”Integrated Environmental Management ” – Course Notes

PARTICIPANTS INVOLVED IN IWRM

Agriculture

Industries The public

Water
resources manag
ement authority

Environmental Universities
Environmental
protection Research
consulting
agencies Institutions

Political
Environment

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 ”Integrated Environmental Management ” – Course Notes

The integration of activities within the IWRM

Autoritatea de MEDIUL NATURAL

Management a
ONG-uri Resurselor de
Apă Surse de Surse de
apă de
MEDIUL NATURAL Informaţii apă
subterană suprafaţă
Instituţii e
nar Pr
do Surse de
apă
Surse de
apă de Agricultură
CD&I subterană suprafaţă

oc
or

es
Co

deciziona
Staţie de tratare a Staţie de epurare
apei a apelor uzate Staţie de tratare a Staţie de epurare
apei a apelor uzate
Servicii TEHNOLOGII DE TRATARE - EPURARE
Industrie
Utilizatori
Industrii şi Decizii TEHNOLOGII DE TRATARE - EPURARE
l

servicii
Apă tratată R
Co Utilizatori
Regii de
Apă epurată
ope casnici Utilizatori
rare Agricultură

apă şi
Ape uzate
Industrii şi
NIVEL 1 – Ciclul utilizării apei
servicii
APM-uri canal Apă tratată R
Autorităţi
Utilizatori
locale / Apă epurată casnici
regionale
Agricultură
Ape uzate

NIVEL 1 – Ciclul utilizării apei

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 ”Integrated Environmental Management ” – Course Notes

IWRM instruments
Legislative instruments Market creation
•Performance standards •Permits for trade with pollution rights
•Environmental standards •Operating permits which may be sold, exchanged
•Technological standards •Water shares that can be sold, exchanged
•Limits, interdictions •Resources shares that can be sold, exchanged
•Property titles
Economic instruments •Consumers rights
•Taxes on pollution
•Taxes on products, fees for use of lands Financial mechanisms
•Tax differentiation •Grants, loans
•Taxes on resources •Environmental funds
•Subsidies •Exemptions from taxes
•Exceptions from taxes •Loans without guarantor
Taxes on emissions, effluents; •Flexible storage systems
Taxes on use of resources
Product fees
Other taxes and duties

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 ”Integrated Environmental Management ” – Course Notes

IWRM instruments

Public and Informational instruments Concrete actions

•Training programs and lifelong learning •Infrastructure modernization
•Public information •Pollution control and prevention measures
•Awareness campaigns •Cleaner technologies
•Eco-certification of products •Re-afforestation
• Partnership projects •Restoring natural landscapes heavily
•Voluntary agreements affected
•Inventories of polluting products

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 ”Integrated Environmental Management ” – Course Notes

ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS IN IWRM

Level 3: Operational management complexity
Management / Information,
Analytic Technical / technological Communication &
Procedures
Education
• Environmental Impact • Eco-efficiency • Environmental • Continuous education
Assessment (EIA) • Eco-Design Management systems
programs
• Environmental Risk • Dematerialization • Eco-design
Assessment (ERA) •Supply chain • Public information &
• Monitoring
• Life Cycle Assessment • Advanced water and management consulting,
(LCA) wastewater treatment • Corporate Social •Awareness raising
• Material Flow Analysis responsibility (CSR) campaigns
(MFA, water • Waste treatment
• Extended Producer
footprinting) •Reforestation Responsibility EPR) • Cooperation projects
Challenge: How to effectively integrate these
• Modeling,
optimization,
•Structural changes • GIS systems
(room for the river)
instruments in the water use cycle?
simulation
• Scenario analysis
Legal requirements Marketing / PR Financial Mechanisms Economic instruments

• Compliance limits •Pollution and •Grants , loans • Pollution taxes Teodosiu C*., Robu B, Cojocariu C.,
• Interdictions exploitation permits • Structural funding • Water allocation Barjoveanu, G., 2013,
•Performance, trade •Environmental funds quotas Environmental impact and risk
Environmental and •Consumer rights • Free crediting • Products and Use taxes quantification based on selected
Technical Standards • Eco-labelling • Green Banking • Tax differentiation water quality indicators, Natural
• Environmental • Subsidies Hazards, 75 (S1), 89-105, DOI:
reporting & EPR 10.1007/s11069-013-0637-7

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 ”Integrated Environmental Management ” – Course Notes

INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

• Factors
Pollution diversity, volume and toxicity
The efficiency of treatment before discharge into the environment/recirculation-reuse
possibilities
 Economics and awareness aspects / education
 Legislative constraints

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 ”Integrated Environmental Management ” – Course Notes

WASTEWATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT

• reducing the quantities of pollutants discharged in waste water by applying

measures to prevent pollution, for modernization and optimization of manufacturing
technologies;
• monitoring the quality of effluent produced by domestic or industrial consumption;
• introduction of recirculation and reuse options of industrial waste waters after
their appropriate treatment;
• introduction of more stringent quality standards for industrial effluent, requiring
pre-purging on industrial sites or final purge of effluents resulting from the
productive processes;
• costs analysis for pretreatment of the water necessary for consumption of
population or in industrial processes

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 ”Integrated Environmental Management ” – Course Notes

NATURAL SYSTEM ANTROPOGENIC SYSTEM

THE WATER USE CYCLE
& MANAGEMENT Abstraction
SYSTEM
Treatment Water
manag.
authority

Natural system
Complexity & variability Distribution IWRM Complexity
Policy and Water
regulation companies
Information
Use

Hot spot / Challenges Wastewater Decisions

Other
collection Water users
Stakeholders

Wastewater
Technology
treatment
Information / Decisions
Discharge to
Water impacts surface water
Health Risks
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 ”Integrated Environmental Management ” – Course Notes

SUSTAINABLE OPTIONS FOR REDUCING THE IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES

• Proper monitoring of quality indicators on emissions

Treatment / Purification adequate to liquid and gaseous flows (secondary pollution reduction)
• Recycling / Reuse of wastewater after advanced purge
• Automation and optimization of existing processes
• Reducing of pollutants at source and minimizing wastes
• The implementation of “clean” technologies
• Implementation of environmental and integrated type management systems (ISO 9000, ISO
14001, ISO 18001)

C Carmen Teodosiu_tuiasi www.study.tuiasi.ro www.learning.tuiasi.ro