MK.

TEORI SEJARAH ARSITEKTUR MODERN DAN

POSTMODERN

RICHARD JOSEPH NEUTRA

PERIODE GANJIL 2017/2018

DISUSUN OLEH :

Albertus Aditya P. 15.A1.0051

Vallentino Fandhi S. 15.A1.0053
Andy Wijaya 15.A1.0057
Ilham Prabowo 15.A1.0059
Habib Jundi S. 15.A1.0070

Dosen Pengampu : Dr. Ir. A. Rudyanto, MSA

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR

FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA SEMARANG
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title
Table of Contents ............................................................................................. 2

CHAP. I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Richard Joseph Neutra Biography ....................................... 3
1.2 Architectural Style ............................................................... 5
1.3 Design Phylosophy .............................................................. 6

CHAP, II RICHARD NEUTRA CREATION

2.1 Lovell House, Los Angeles ................................................. 7
2.2 Kaufmann Desert House...................................................... 12
2.3 Grace Miller House in Palm Springs ................................... 17

CHAP. III AWARDS

3.1 Awards …. ..................................................................... 20

Literature ....................................................................................................... 21

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1. Richard Joseph Neutra Biography

Richard Joseph Neutra (Richard Neutra) was born in Leopoldstardt, Vienna,

Austria April, 8, 1892 and died April, 16, 1970 in Wuppertal, Germany. He architecture
pioneer with International Style. He studied at the Vienna Technological University in
1910 to 1918 under Adolf Loss, a lecture at the university. After World War 1, he went
to Switzeland and began to work with Gustav Ammann, Landscape Architects. In 1921
he served in the city of Luckenwalde, Germany, as a city architect and later in the
same year he joined the office of Erich Mendelsohn in Berlin. Neutra contributed to the
entry of the company’s competition to a new commercial center of Haifa, Palestine
(1992), and the Zehlendorf Housing Project in Berlin (1923).

After that, he married Dionne Niedermann, the daughter of an architect, in 1922.

In 1923 he moved to the United States of America and became a naturalized citizen
in 1929. Richard Neutra worked a while with Frank Lloyd Wright before accepting
invitations from his close friends and colleagues namely Rudolf Schindler in California.

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 Neutra’s first work in Los Angeles is in Landscpae Architecture, where he
designed to park the Schindler beach house. In 1932, Neutra entered the MoMA
exhibition on modern architecture. The end of his career, he established an
independent office with his wife in Los Angeles, and he died on April, 16, 1970 at the
age of 78 years.

The work experience that he went throught very much, and certainly very influential
in the development of existing architects at the time.

 Neutra is closely related to International Style and has helped introduce it in

the United States.
 He has proved himself to be a prominent figure of modernism.
 He brings a distint (unique) Architectural Style to the Southern California
region, with a lifestyle and is called modern regionalism.
 The Architectural Style he brought added new dimensions and directions to
several design systems in the region.
 He published a book entitled, “Wame Bolt American”, a book devoted to
advanced American Structural Systems.

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1.2. Architecture Style

Richard Neutra is well known for his concern in determining the needs his client
needs, unlike other architects who want to impose their vision on clients. Neutra
sometimes uses questionnaires to find the needs of clients. The Neutra architecture
style is a blend of art, landscape, and simple comfort.
In a 1947 article for the Los Angeles Times “The Changing House”, Neutra
emphasized a “ready – for – anything” plan, flexible multifunctional plans, easy to
customize, and modify for all age.
His drawings and paintings, mostly from places he went to (especially on his
trip to the Balkans in World War I) and portrait sketches show the influence of artists
such as Gustav Klimt, Egon Schiele, and others. Josefine, Neutra’s brother, is quoted
as developing the propensity of Richard Neutra to draw.

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1.3. Design Phylosophy

Richard Neutra has a simple design approach. The design is pure, clean and
straight with no arches and combined with the surrounding scenes without creating a
confusing design. Neutra’s ability to combine technology, aesthetics, knowledge and
nature in design leads him to the forefront of modern architecture. Glass walls,
ceilings, and embellishments inside connecting between the inner and outer space of
the house have become the hallmark of Neutra Architecture.
Richard Neutra believes a house with a terrance makes it look as if the outdoors
are part of the house. Neutra said that, “Architecture should be a means to bring
humans back in harmony with nature”. As an architect, my life has been governed by
the purpose of building a harmony environment, functional efficiency, and human
enhancement into the experience of everyday life. These things go together, and are
the cause of architectural and life devoted to them not to walk with easy”.
Richard Neutra was one of many architects in California and the United States
adjusted their ideas from the European Bauhaus movement. This movement is known
as a gift of modernism for a flat display that connect the surrounding landscape.
Though Neutron’s work is so innovative, he is known for noticing the real needs of
clients and sometimes he uses questionnaires to find out the client’s needs.

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 CHAPTER II
RICHARD NEUTRA CREATION

2.1. LOVELL HOUSE, LOS ANGELES

 Location : Los Angeles, United States of America

 Reference : wikiarquitectura.com, Master Of World Architecture
Richard Neutra by Esther McCoy
 Year : 1929
 Photos : wikimedia commons , wikiarquitectura

Between 1927 – 1929, Richard Neutra designed Lovell House for Phillip Lovell and
hos family in Los Angeles, California. Lovell’s house was a turning point in Neutra’s
career.

sumber : wikimedia commons

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 Lovell House is designed in the hills of Los Angeles. This house is an early
example of International Style in the United States that evokes the principles
developed by Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright.

The house consists of overlapping forms that are not in accordance with
Wright’s proportional, instead this house is a cross from Wright’s, shape combine with
Le Corbusier’s aesthetic.

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 Lovell House is also called “Health House” for Dr. Phillip Lovell on a steep hill.
This house is called a healthy house because it is very closely related to the health of
nature. The house also has a courtyard and a recreation room. From the exterior is
very simple made of concrete. Lovell House is the first home in America to use steel.
This house is attached to a steep cliff. Lovell House is located on a cliff of hills, so this
house gets a view of Santa Monica mountain, pacific ocean, and light of Los Angeles
that looks beautiful at night. Lovell house is reminiscent of le Corbusier’s style and
aesthetic. This house has a wide view and a number of light that can enter the room.

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 sumber : wikiarquitectura

Neutra is influenced by International Style and Corbusier, so the way people

enter and move trought the house is similar to the pedestrian of Corbusier’s Area.
Residents move from the top of the house to the terrance and pool at the lower level.

Lovell House is usually found in the construction of skyscrapers. Neutra studied

this new technique while working in New York and with Holabird & Roche in Chicago.

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 sumber : wikiarquitectura

Since the house was built on the cliffs side, it was pulled onto a cliff with a cable
tied to a rocky terrain. Lovell House is the first architectural experience, bringing
Neutra fame on an international level and introducing Lovell House as an architectural
building.

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2.2. KAUFMANN DESERT HOUSE

 Location : Palm Springs, United States of America

 Reference : greatbuildings.com, LA Times, Master Of World
Architecture Richard Neutra by Esther McCoy
 Year of the Project : 1947
 Photo : Thom Watson , Flickr User: Caffinara

One of the Neutra projects is Kaufmann's House in Palm Springs, California.

Done between 1946 – 1947, the Kaufmann House was a holiday home for Edgar J.
Kaufmann Sr. and his family to escape the winter in the northeast.

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 ten years after the Falling Water design by Frank Lloyd Wright in Bear Run,
Pennsylvania, Kaufmann searched for a place to live to avoid the winter in the
northeast, to be used in January.

Neutra uses a modern-style approach using glass, steel, and some stones in
his design.

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 The design of this house is quite simple. In the middle of the house is a living
room and dining room which is the heart of the house and family activities. The most
important aspect of the house is oriented to the east / west while the support facilities
oriented to the north / south.

The north and south are the most common parts of the house. The southern
part consists of a covered walkway from the center of the house to the carport.

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 The northern part is a publicly accessible guest residence, while retaining the
privacy to be separated from the rest of the house. The western part of the house is a
service section, which is quite secluded from other open plan designs. The eastern
part is the most privacy aspect of the house as it’s only the main room of Kaufmann.

The swimming pool is one of the most famous and recognizable aspects of the
Kaufmann House. However the pool is not merely as a decoration or as a recreational
feature. This swimming pool creates a balance of the overall composition of the design
of the house. The house itself is not balanced because the side is not proportional, but
with the addition and placement of the pool there is a harmonious design balance.

Flickr Pengguna: Caffinara

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 Glass and steel make the house light and open, and with the use of stone can balance
the design. Because Dry rocks bring an atmosphere that blends with the color of the soil
around rocks, mountains, and trees.

The Kaufmann House has passed through several owners after the Kaufmann house was
owned, this caused the house to fall apart and the lack of attention and preservation of
modern dwellings. However, couples who appreciate the 20th century modern house restore
the house back to the original luster with the help of Julius Shulman. The Kaufmann House
is now considered one of the most important houses of the 20th century.

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2.3. GRACE MILLER HOUSE IN PALM SPRINGS

 Location : Palm Springs, California, Amerika Serika

 References : wikiarquitectura.com
 Project Years : 1937
 Picture : pinterest.com

The interior of this house is the best designed of Neutra in the 1930s century.
This house is considered one of its greatest achievements, largely because its
results reveal collaborative achievements between brilliant architects and
great clients.

Crac Lewis Miller is a middle-aged widow, an entrepreneur who moves the

German system of "Mensendieck" functional exercise into the desert and
teaches them when Palm Springs is still unfinished.

Neutra seeks function in the same way as the transition space. As once said,
more optimistic than realistic. Miller's house is close to the Japanese zashiki
concept, or flexible master bedroom depending on the circumstances that use
it according to the placement of a traditional house and can turn into a living
room, bedroom and entertainment venue.

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 The northeastern part is the side that reflects the "home of tribal people", with
white stucco walls going backwards, as in traditional architecture.

The southeastern part will also be far away, but here there is clear glass, shifting
its protector to open the swimming pool next to the screened porch. Grace Miller was
delighted: "Water is thinning the effects of sunlight and sometimes gives rise to the
best reflections that dance on the roof of the hall and the terrace," he wrote in 1938.

In the north, large transparent glass with bright spots for ventilation is used to
illuminate the room (after studying the wind angle, Neutra narrows openings on this
side due to strong winds loaded with sand).

The wardrobe protects some of the beds, separating this area from the rest of
the house. One can use the curtains across the room to provide visual privacy. Neutra
combines many strategies to give a greater sense of tranquility. The bedroom contains
a pair of French doors, each 1 m.

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 To create a small porch, the doors are tied with bolts at the bottom so that they
are attached and at right angles to the walls are equipped with rectangles. So when
going to bed, can enjoy the fragrant aroma of citrus fruit that has been planted on the
other side of the terrace. The smell is not limited to the bedroom.

In the interior, Douglas pinewood plywood walls are stained with a silver lining
that neutralizes sunlight. Every detail precisely responds to the needs of a particular
client, such as about "day or night couches" they want a clear view of the pool and the
horizon.

Next to the toilet is designed bedroom, but with a tiny light from the north sun
with translucent glass for the toilet in the morning. Here, cosmetic items are placed on
a sheet of onyx with scratches that gently shine on his skin.

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 CHAPTER III
AWARDS

3.1. Awards

• Richard Neutra is considered one of the most influential Architect on 20th-century.

• His first major commissioner - Lovell House - was built in Los Angeles in 1929, just
six years after his arrival in the United States, known as one of the landmarks of
modern architecture.

• Richard Neutra is recognizable for its open and innovative design, the wide use of
glass allows free flowing space, and the application of industrial engineering to
architecture.

• Make a major contribution to urban planning.

• Authors of several books, including "Survival Through Design".

• Win over fifty awards for architectural design.

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 LITERATURE
 McCoy, Esther. Richard Neutra. Master of World Architecture.
( Perupustakaan Unika RB720 MCC)

 wikiarquitectura.com
 pinterest.com
 greatbuildings.com
 LA Times

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