MUNICIPALITY OF THE STATE OF KUWAIT MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF CAR PARKING KUWAIT PARKING DESIGN CRITERIA MANUAL August 20071 Forward The current Kuwait Car Park Design Criteria was based on standards set forth in the 1984 Institute of Structural Engineers “Design recommendation for multi-storey and underground car parks.” While many of these standards are still applicable today, the public has grown to expect from parking facilities increased ease of access, friendlier environments, and a greater attention to passive security enhancements. Increasingly, parking is considered an integral part of the economic vitality of an area, and represents a considerable public investment and asset. The latest trend has changed from a peak of compacts cars in the early 1990's to a new breed of taller, wider automobiles represented by the Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs), minivans and trucks. This trend, however, is not as universal as the one that took place before it: the compact car reaction to higher gas prices. In Europe, where gas prices remain quite high, the use of ‘SUVS is far less than in the United States and Kuwait. While the earsof the current SUV trend are nat as tong as the fill size luxury vehicles that preceded them, their prominent use does somewhat affect the current design of parking facilities. This is acknowledged in the update of the parking design manual for Kuwait. While earlier versions of garage standards suggested a percent of spaces be designed for “compact ears only”, more recent gerage design standards have moved to “one size fits all” with no spaces designed for either small or large vehicles. In addition, perhaps the most significant changes that have come about in the last 20 years have been to the materials, methods and equipment that go into garage construction, operation and safety. This revised document addresses provisions for surface parking lots, handapped accessibility, motoreycle and bicycle parking, and design aspects for buses and trucks associated with combined-use transit facilities, ie. Parkand-Rides. Tl. Method for undating the manual The approach used was to first compare the current manual to U.S. industry standards, resources and best practices. Resources for the updates include books on parking structures, trade magazine and Internet articles, and research on other U.S. municipelity standards, It also included an extremely thorough examination of design criteria from a municipality located just outside Washington, D.C. that has won several international design awards for its parking facilities. Each section of the current manual was updated, revised, supplied with missing data, and fully reorganized, introducing new sections and re-grouping old ones. ‘The proposed new document was thoroughly reviewed and checked by experts in both Europe and Kuwait, to assure that the manual contains proper technical requirements and code references relevant to the Kuwait design authorities. Il. Findings The following is a list itemizing many of the changes suggested in the new Kuwait Parking PageiDesign Criteria: lL Reorganization and expansion of Parking Design Criteria including: a. A new Section on Code Requirements was added, organizing all references throughout the current manual to a front section and adding new references that are cited within the revisions. Reference of IES standards to 2002 3° edition were updated, including some handicapped references from that document. A new requirement was included in the Section 1.1 for a registered professionel engineer to certify particular parking design aspects. b. Section 1.3 “Presentation Requirements for Praject Submission” was retttled and moved forward, Text was added indicating that further data or requirements may be requested by the reviewing agency, c. A Division titled “Architectural” was established, grouping three current Sections, and adding three new ones, based on considerations related to architecturalaspects of the Project. 4, The “Structural” Division was reorganized, grouping three current Sections, and adding three new ones, based on considerations related to structural aspects of the Project. , Numerous improvements to “publicly operated” facitities xe addressed throughout the manual, Section 1.1.2 explains how these “publicly operated” elements are identified, and encourages al] car parks open to the public to consider adhering to some or all of the additional requirements. Additional text provides the ability for KM to direct adherence of “publicly operated” requirements to any garage, where applicable, to maintain uniformity. £ All Sections were expanded to include items that will result in: j. customer enhancements; improved operations; increased passive security; iv, added efficiency; , future Rexibility; |. reduced maintenance and repairs; increased lifecycle of the structures increased lifecycle of equipment; and . better accommodations for staff functions. The design preference was changed to “clear span” design, rectangular shaped garages, with auxiliary speed ramps, flat floors, and drive aisles running in the long dimension of the garages. ‘These measures increase passive security, contain easier circulation patterns, axe efficient to build, allow for future horizontal expansion, and provide an overal! higher level of service’. Page tiAllowance was made for “castin-place posttensioned concrete slabs supported by a cast-in-place post-tensioned frame.” This type of construction has been used successfully, for a couple of decades internationally, for standalone and underground garages. [Section 32.1] Maximum garage building site coverage and setbacks were established, for use where zoning ordinance requirements may not exist. [Section 1.2.1] Design preference was changed from angled-spaces and one-way aisles for all garages to use for garages predominately serving retail customers and adding the preference for 90° spaces and two-way aisles for garages serving commuters, employees, residents, and transportation stations where transient in-and-out activity is less. [Section 2.2.2] To eliminate double parking in the drive aistes and increase efficiency, the following changes to parking space layout and drive aisles dimensions (Section 2.2.10] are inclided: a Modifications to the drawing “Parking Space Layout Standards”, providing dimensions from curb-to-curb, plus standardized overhang, to arrive at columnto- column module width. (Note: Most overall module widths, including overhang dimensions, remain within a 0.2m of current.) b. A minor reduction of typical parking space length was made from 5.6m to 5.5m (just under 4 inches), matching industry standards more closely. ©. Space depths were revised, based on 5.5m space length and actual angle, to arrive & new space depths (reduction acknowledges ability for overhang). d. Drive aisle width of 90° parking was reduced to 6.0m for one way aisle (fiom 7 and 8) and changed the requirement for wo way aisle to 7,00m. €. One-way aisle widths remain the same, except that the provision for 90° one-way aisles has been eliminated. f. A stipulation was added that no aisle or ramp widths can be more than 0.6m above ‘the minimum standard to reduce double- parking violators. [Section 2.3.7] Parking should be prohibited along high speed roadways over 50 km/hr. Parallel parking when permitted shali be 2.6m wide x 6.70m ong, minimum travef lane width shall be 3.70m, This places the old 2.50m wide x 7m long with 3 meter travel lane. see appendix 9 Fig.l. A minor reduction was made to parking space length from 5.6m to 5.5m (just under 4 inches), matching industry standards more closely. [Section 2.2.9}10. i. 12. 13, 4. 15, 16, 17, 18. 19, 20. 21. Handicapped space requirements were added, including provisions for blue striping. (Sections 2.2.12 and 2.2.13] Motorcycle and bicycle space requirements were added. [2.2.14] Provisions for truck and bus parking in surface lots were added. [2.2.15] A requirement was added for double-striped space lines, Research has indicated that drivers are more likely to park correctly between the double-striped limits than when there is only one stripe, [2.2.16] as shown by appendix | figure AL.1. The column set back was increased from 0.5m to 0.6m to accommodate vehicle overhang in accordance with overall layout standards (Section 2.2.10 and 2.2.17] Additional space width clearance needed from column/wall was increased from 0.25m to 0.3m, to accommodate door swings of modem vehicles. [Section 2.2.19} Firemen’s access-way marking requirements were added for standpipes located between parking spaces. [Section 2.2.18] Requirements were added for curbs and platforms in front of parking spaces, and confining the use of wheel stops to parking lots and non-publicly operated garages. Consultant team site visits observed severe cleaning issues due to wheel stops at the head of parking spaces where pedestrians walk. Yet most platforms were relatively clean, at least in the utilized portions of the public garages. (Section 2.2.11 and 3.1.7} A requirement was added that parking spaces in “publicly operated” facilities are to be striped 0.6m less than layout requiring vehicles to pull up closer to the curb (Section 2.2.11}; while retaining overall dimensions curb to curb. This is a technique simply to assist in the prevention of cars parking so that the rear end of the vehicle is protruding into the drive lane. Changes to (non-parking) ramp widths include increases to almost all widths from 0.Lm up to 0.7m (except two-way curved remained the same). The increases are more cansistent with industry standards now that wider vehicles such as SUV's and vans are so prevalent. [Section 2.3.7] Additional provisions for reducing cracks, extending the lifecycle of the concrete, and reducing structural repairs have been included. [3.1.7] Additional provisions for concrete deck sealers were added to prevent slab deterioration, reduce staining, and protect from water penetration to support service rooms. (3.1.8) Fire resistance of structural members was Increased from [hour to 2-hour to reflect Standard fire protection code requirements. [3.1.11] Page iv23. 25. 26. 28. 29. 30. Section were added [3.6 Paints and Coatings] to specify the paint types, thickness and surfaces to be coated. These paints and coatings are state-of-the-art materials, designed to extend the life of the structure, assure ease of cieaning, and standardize colors of parking levels, walls, drains and fire lines. Lighting levels were incteased at entrance/exit from 200 Tux to 500 lux to diminish the “black-out” effect coming from sunlight into the garage. Brighter lighting levels attract, patrons and make pedestrians more visible. [Section 5.1.16] Lighting levels were established for exterior locations such as the apen roof, surface tots, and garage drivelpedestrians ways outside the gatage. These recommended levels, while lower than most locations within the garage, are at the high end of the standards, yet low ‘enough to avoid spillover lighting to adjacent properties. (Note: mast other lighting tevels frorn the current manual have been verified as adequate, and retained.) {Section 5.1.16] Changes were made to the hours and patterns certain lighting is to be tumed off. (Section 5.1.17] Recommended is replacing the old Ku 11.10 section with a coordinated system that allows for 2 control switch to override the system and operate all lights all the time ~ as a security enhancement for the publicly operated facilities. Metal Halide and High Pressure Sodium fixtures that provide far better lighting and require less maintenance have replaced the requirement for fluorescent tubes. {Section 5.1.18] The following passive security and safety provisions were added: slass-backed elevators or stairwells where feasible; (Section 2.5.2] conduit for future CCTV; [Section 2.5.3] offices and booths equipped with alarms; [Section 2.5.4] increased impact designs for barrier walls; (Sections 2.5.7 and 3.3.8) raised platforms and hand railings at pedestrian lobbies and walkways; positioning of stair and elevator doors toward public; (Section 2.5.12] and fire standpipe system. [Section 4.1.16] wap pose Consideration is given to the standardization of equipment and data communications when technology is recommended Allowances are made for the advent of automated parking structures Page vSection 1 1 12 13 2 24 22 23 24 25 26 3 34 32 33 34 38 36 4 44 5 54 6 64 62 7 8 9 a4 92 93 Kuwait Parking Design Criteria Table of Contents General Code Requirements Site Use and Preliminary Planning Presentation Requirements for Project Submission Architectural General Parking Space Layout Traffic Circulation and Ramps Entry/Exit Standards Safety and Security Pedestrian Circulation and Elevators, Structural General ‘Type of Construction Design Loads and Requirements Drainage Asphalt Paving and Concrete Driveways Paints and Coatings Mechanical General Electrical General Fire Protection General Fire safety standards Landscaping and brigation Signage and Graphic Support Services Staff Accommodations and Public Amenities Parking Revenue Collection System Provisions for Maintenance Appendix 1: Typical Vehicle and handicap Space Striping Layout Appendix 2: Typical Layouts at Entry and Exit Gates Appendix 3: Calculation of Dynamic Capacity Appendix 4: Calculation of Exit Reservoir Space Parking Policies relevant to Parking Design Criteria Appendix 6: Signs on Ribbed Floors Appendix 7; Parking Rates by Land-use Appendix 8: Paint Color Codes Appendix 9: Parking Orientation Appendix 10: Public Amenities Appendix Appendix 14: Bus and Truck Patking Recommend: Page viSection 1 ~ General 14 Ltt 113 LLS Code Requirements ‘These parking criteria were specifically designed for all multi-storey cat parks, surface lots and orrstreet parking spaces that allow public access However, the basic requirements are also applicable to all private surface car parks and to car parking associated with private sector developments and major rehab projects, including those within the City of Kuwait and outside the City, ie. including the new towns. The intention iS to provide consistency in layout, signs and services, in order to optimize public familiarity with the ear parks. In this document most standards apply to all garages open to the public. Throughout the document references are made to automated car parks; the automated car park does not require ramps and aisles or large dimensioned parking stalls, automated garages are except from many of the requirements in this manual. Otherwise, all car parks and surface lots shall refer to this manual for guidance in layout and capacity for constructing parking facilities. Deviations require specific approval of Kuwait Municipality Transport Studies Division, Furthermore, the Kuwait Municipality has the right to require any garage to include some ot all of the provisions labeled as ‘publicly operated? when it deems necessary, especially where there is an interest in maintaining uniformity. It is the policy of the Kuwait Municipality to set all applicable codes, regulations and industry standards, hereinafter referred to as "Code Requirements," in the design and construction of all public parking garages. Designers have a duty to comply with the rules and regulations of the Ministry of Electricity and Water (MEW), the Ministry of Public Works (MPW), Kuwait fire Brigade, Kuwait Municipality and any other applicable statutory rules and regulations of Kuwait. This manual is not intended to limit or supersede these rules and regulations and is to be read in conjunction with them. Attention is drawn to the requirement that @ registered professional engineer must certify the static and dynamic design of car parks and the design of their traffic and pedestrian aids and facilities, before submission to the Kuwait Municipality Transport Studies Division for approval. When the KM parking manua{ codes conflict with another code or policy, then the KM. Parking Manual shall apply. ‘This document identifies some primaty codes that are to be followed. The latest applicable adopted version of each code is to be used. Nonetheless, any observed divergence from the standards set forth in this document shall be brought to the attention of the Municipality. Furthermore, consultants employed by the Municipelity for design and construction of publicly operated parking facilities are responsible for complying with these and all other codes that may be applicable. The standards set forth within this document ace to be considered as minimum requirements. Page 1LL 1.19 1.1.10 LL LLI2 ‘Where no criteria or requirements are given in this manual, designers may be guided by: “Design recommendations for multi-storey and underground car parks" 3rd edition (June 2002) published by the Institution of Structural Engineers, 1 Upper Belgrave Street, London SW1 X 8BH. Technical terms used in this manuel in connection with car park layout are defined in the reference given in 1.1.12. References to National and International Standards and Codes of Practice shall not preclude the use of altemative equivalent Standards, or Codes of Practice Provided that such alternatives are acceptable to the Authority approving the car park design. Climatic conditions shall be considered in all aspects of car park design. Ministry of Electricity and Water regulations give the following climatology data: Maximum recorded sun radiation temperature in summer 84°C (on black bult) Maximum outside ambient temperature in summer 50°C Maximum recorded relative humidity 100% at 30°C (for short periods) Minimum outside ambient temperature in winter-3°C (occasional) ‘Maximum wind speed during a storm reaches 130 Km/Hr Average wind speed is 25 Km/Hr Prevailing Winds are normally, north to north-western, Violent sand and dust storms are common in Kuwait and dust remains suspended in the air even on comparatively still days: Visibility may vary during storms from average to nil ‘The overall design of electrical and mechanical systems and associated controls are to be fully coordinated and synchronized to produce an energy efficient design with the flexibility to shut down systems when not in use, monitor all functions during operation and indicate commands as required. ‘The following identifies some of the primary codes, standards, and regulations and their authority of applicability to the design of parking structures under the jurisdiction of the Kuwait Municipality. Additional codes, standards, and regulations may apply. CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS applicable to Kuwait Parking Structures Building: BSCP2004 Foundations BS8110 The Structural Use of Conerete, BS 5337 The Structural Use of Concrete for Retaining Aqueous Liquids. BSCP 117 Composite Constructions in Structural Stee! and Concrete. BSCP 118 the Structural Use of Aluminum Bs 449 Past 2 - The Use of Structural Steel in Building: BS 4604 The Use of High Strength Friction Grip Bolts in Structural Steelwork. Page 2BSCP 102 Protections of Buildings against Water from the Ground. BSCF 111 Structural Recommendations for Load Bearing Walls. BS 5628 The Structural Use of Masonry. BS 6031 Code of Practice for Earthworks BS 6399 Design Loading for Buildings ACI American Concrete Institute Standards: ACI301 Specifications for Structure Concrete in Buildings ACI 318-83 Seismic Risk AASHTO — American Assoc. of State Highway & Trans, M-148 ASTM American Society for Testing Materials Specifications ASTM C-309 Curing Concrete PCI Pre-stressed Concrete Institute KFB Kuwait Fire Brigade Drainage: BS 5572 _ Sanitary Pipe works BS 6297 Design & Installation Small Sewage Treatment Works BS 6367 Paving Drainage BS 8301 Building Drainage BSCP301 Fig. 2-3 Chamber Interceptor BSCP310 Water Supply MEW Ministry of Electricity and Water MPW Ministry of Public Works Electrical; MEW Ministry of Electricity and Water-Regulations for Electrical Installations ILE Institute for Lighting Engineers NE/NFPA National Electrical Code / National Fire Protection Association i Elevators: BS5655 Elevator Lifts BS EN 81 Safety Rules for Construction & Installation of Lifts ASME A 17.1 Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators KFB Kuwait Fire Brigade Fire Safety: BS 5306 _Fire protection to Car Parking BS 5839 Fire Detection and Alarm System in Buildings NEPA National Fite Protection Associatioy NEPA #10 _ Installation of Portable Fire Extinguisher NEPA #13 Installation of Sprinkler Systems NEPA #14 Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems NEPA #80 Fire Doors and Windows NEPA #88A Parking Structures NEPA #90A _ Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems NEPA #101 Code for Life Safety from Fire in Buildings and Structures Page 3NFPA#110 Emergency and Standby Power Systems, Kuwait Fire Department MEW Ministry of Electricity and Water Handicapped: BS 8300 Design of building approaches to met the needs of Disabled ISE Parking Provisions for Disabled Peopie Mechanical: NFPA ‘National Fire Protection Association SMACNA — Sheet Metal Air Conditioning Contractors Association ANSI American National Standards [nstitute UL Underwiiter's Laboratories ASHRAE — American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and AirConditioning Engineers, Inc. Roads: Ministry of Public Works ‘Kuwait Traffic Signs Manual Kuwait Municipality 4.2 Site Use and Preliminary Planning’ 1.2.1 Efficient use shall be made of the available site aréa, Where no specific guidelines and/or zoning regulations require set-backs from property lines nor amenities; the following minimum standards shall be used: a garage structure shall occupy no more than 85% of the property site and be set back a minimum of 2 meters from the property lines (8 meters from the nearest street curb line) Ten percent (10%) of the total site shall be designated asamenity space. Section 7 “Landscaping” addresses provisions for the amenity space. 1.2.2. A standard of 35.5 m*/parking spaces may be used for preliminary estimation of overall space requirements for multi-storey car parks. ‘The standatd for surface car parks should be 25 m*/parking space. 12.3. The points of access from the car patk onto the immediate road network and their capacity to accommodate the traffic generated by the car park must be carefully studiel in Traffic Impact Assessment (TIA), Any proposed street improvements or the possibility of their being required in consequence of the car parks construction must be considered and included in the design proposals. 1.2.4. If demolition of existing structures is necessary, or if prior use of the site suggests the possible existence of subsurface environmental contaminants, an environmental assessment may be required. In any event, the presence of lead based paint, asbestos, * Automated parking sirctures obviously have different requirements that wil be defined by the engineer of each structure, Throughout this KM Parking Design Manual you wil sze similar comments. This is repeated so as not to preclude the automated garage option, which is highly appropriate for a modem city which is not yet built-out. Paged1.3 buried fuel tanks, and contaminated soil should be determined. Removal and disposal of all hazardous substances and petroleum products must be addressed in subsequent construction documents. Presentation Requirements for Project Submission 1.3.1 The drawings that will be required for review and approval by the Kuwait Municipality ‘Transport Studies Division shall show the following minimum information: 2) Location Map (Scale 1:5000) - Location of Building and access to adjoining road network within one kilometer (Scale 1:1000), and allotted plot survey datum information (Scale 1:500 or larger), b) Perspective (Scale arbitrary). c) Site Plan of Development to include proposed vehicle and pedestrian circulation, as well as surrounding buildings within 00 meters, and their service and operational requirements (Scale 1:500). 4) Landscape-Inigation Plan showing landscape treatment of site open space (Seale 1:500 or larger). ©) Site Elevations and Longitudinal and Transverse Building Sections (Scale 1:200) ) Ground Floor Plan including enter and exit lanes to adjacent network roads (Scale 1:200) ) Floor plans of each basement, first floor above ground, typical upper floor and top floor plans (Scale 1:200). 1h) A plan for each of the above mentioned floors and the external areas indicating proposed iniernal directional signing, surface and curb markings and also any necessary extemal roadway signing and road markings, including car park direction signs. See Section 8.5 for further requirements for signage drawings. 1.3.2. The above drawings (e-h) shall indicate all dimensions and tuming radii; clearance between floor and overhead obstructions; floor levels, ramp gradient start and finish points, ramp lengths, clearance height on ramps (min 2.3m); proposed intemal vehicular circulation, pedestrian access and circulation, pinciples and layout of any entry/exit facilities. 13.3. The units used in all caloulations and drawings submitted to authorities approving car park designs, shall be in accordance with the metric system, unless otherwise agreed by the Authority. Calculations will be based on Kuwait Municipality Standards and not substitute standards from other GCC Countries (see Appendix 7 for Parking Rates by land-use type). 1.3.4 Further requirements or additional data may be required by the Kuwait Municipality Transport Studies Division (ie. traffic impact assessments) to properly evaluate the project,Section 2 — Architectural 24 2411 212 214 216 217 218 General The garage shall have an exterior architectural treatment that aesthetically blends with adjoining properties and is appropriate for the site. Parked vehicles shall be shielded from view as much as possible. Facade treatments must take into consideration the effect they may have on the openness classification of the structure as described in Section 3.1.3 The garage shall be recognizable es a paiking garage, through either design or signing or both. Rectangular shaped parking facilities are desired, Curved, triangular and other irregularly shaped parking areas/structures must be avoided. The parking garage shall park no more than the specified mmber of cars it is designed for. All publicly operated garages shall be designed for future expansion up to the maximum parking capacity permitted on the site by Municipality zoning regulations. ‘Where possible, expansions should be horizontal (rather thaz vertical), reducing the need to close the existing portion for construction of the addition. For buildings used solely as multi-storey car parks, the maximum number of floors shall be 5 above grade, 1 at grade and 2 below grade (3 levels below if water ble allows). No limit is imposed on Automated Parking Structures. The absolute total number of floors will depend on the Municipality regulations applicable to the specific site. The minimum vertical clearance for vehicles shall be 2.3m to the underside of any obstruction, except a minimum of 2.5m shall be provided for routes to “van accessible” handicap spaces (see Section 2.2.13). A clearance bar shall be suspended at each vehicle entrance ata height such that its clearance height is equal to the mininum clearance anywhere in the garage. Lettering on the ber (and/or signage) shall indicate the minimum clearance. Additional clearance bars may be required inside the garage, past the van accessible handicap spaces, alerting drivers that clearance has bem reduced to the 2.3m minimum throughout the remainder of the garage. To determine the structural height it is recommended that designs be prepared in outline for signing, lighting, ventilation, the sprinkler system and any other possible projections, below structure stich as conduits and drainage pipes. The projections below structure of these various services should be estimated and be added to the clear headroom to determine the clear structure height required floor to floor. ‘The design is to be highly efficient, Building comers and other space, which cannot be used for vehicle parking, shall be used for required stairwells, elevators, parking offices, storage space, motoreycle and bicycle parking, ete, to the extent possible. Storage and ancillary rooms should be limited to the size and number absolutely necessary for facility operations. Page 62.19 The facility shall be designed so that the driver encounters a minimum number of restraints - from the time of entry to the time of departure. The designer should avoid point of entry with inadequate access definition, insufficient access Janes, conflicts with pedestrian traffic, and low lighting levels Within the structure avoid inadequate or excessive vertical travel ciccuits or search patterns, steep ramps, tighttums, sub-standard park/un-park geometrics, low lighting levels, excessive decision points, and inconsistent signage. Basically keep the patterns simple and well defined. 2.1.10 Requirements for those with handicap disabilities, parking shall be close to lefts. 2111 The design and material selection for publicly operated garages shall consider the need for ease of maintenance and future expansion, economy, and long life, 2.1.12 Heavy duty, Underwriter Laboratory (UL) fire rated metal doors with metal door frames 21.13 2114 2.2 224 2.22 shall be used throughout the building, a. Hardware shall be of a heavy-duty type. b. Doors to office space, restrooms, storage rooms, and equipment rooms, which are accessible to the public, shall be lockable, Locks shall be a high security cylinders type with master-keys. Keying shall be coordinated with the public operator. ¢. Doors in stairwells shall have rectangular vision panels (i.e. windows) positioned to provide the best possible view of hiding places within the stairwell. Handrails and guardrails for publicly operated facilities shail be constructed of aluminum or galvanized steel with a suitable architectural finish, with suitable durable anchors. Hand and guardrail treatments shall be in accordance with Section 3.6 Paints and Coatings. ‘The construction contractor of publicly operated garages shall be required to provide a small supply of bricks, floor tile, ceiling tile, and other materials which may be difficult to match, ifneeded for repairs in the future, Parking Space Layout? All parking spaces shall be accessible for self parking, i.e, no spaces shall be “buried” or situated in such a manner as to make it necessary to move another vehicle to utilize a parking space, Le. double parking fs not allowed. i. double parking is aot allowed. Design preference is for 90° parking stalls and two-way drive aisles for garages predominantly serving commuters, employees, residents and transportation stations. Angled parking stalls of not more than 75° and one-way drives aisles may be used for garages predominantly serving commercial, retail customers, and narrow sites where 90° parking is not possible. 90° parking with one-way aisles are not recommended. ? Tid most requirements do not apply to automated structures Page?223 22.4 225 2.2.6 228 229 Use of 30° angle parking is not recommended for use in publicly operated facilities at all. ‘Traffic aisles shall be double-loaded bays, serving parking stalls on both sides wherever possible. ‘Traffic aisles shall be aligned parallel to the long dimension of the parking areas wherever feasible. ‘The perimeter of the parking area shall be lined with parking stalls to the maximum extent possible, On-street parallel parking spaces shall be 2.6m wide and 6.7m in length, A minimum travel lane width of 3.7m must be available adjacent to parking lane to allow use of parallel spaces. Refer to traffic codes to determine if parallel parking is suitable for specific roadway widths (see full size drawings in Appendix 9 Fig, 1). : @ a § 0m Car parking stall minimum dimensions are 2.8m in width and 5.5 in length (see Appendix 9 Figure 2 for full size drawing), for 90 degree parking. ‘A saw-tooth pattem is required for angled spaces. Minimum dimensions for curb to curb parking space layout and drive aisles are shown in the following drawing and table (Parking Space Layout Standards), Page 8Parking Lot Layout Dimensions Parking Space Layout Standards Dimension | Description 3o°_| ase | 60° | 75° | g0° | Remarks A__| Space width 2.80 | 280 | 2.20 | 2.80 | 2.80 [8 [Space length 550 | 550 | 5.0 | 5.50 | 550 _ 4 C_| tengtn of stat fine joss} 830 | 732 J 625 | 550 | a) “way aisle width a60 | 3.80_[ 5.50 | 6.09 | — | oneway aisle Dt 2away aisle width 7 ~ | = | = 17.60 | two way aisle [€ {Offset depth 8.18 [890 | 617 | 605 | 550 F Cub OF set 3.00 | 260 | 2.00 0.60 G | Free distance from wall or column face_| 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 0.60 L__| Space wisth parallel to zisle 560 | 3.95 [ 323 2.80 K {Setback from perpendiculartoaisie 18.95 | 6.17 | 356 a M[ Min. distance from Bay curb to Bey curb | 42.95 | 15.60 | 17.26! 480) | one way aisle | jo fT T= Yi880 | wo way aisle N | Minimum curb to curs 15.15 | 16.80 [49,04 4930 { ~ [| oneway aisle = ios = [19.60 | two way aisle | Note;- Alidimensions are in meters. Page 92.2.10 2.2.11 22.12 2.2.13 2.2.14 Concrete curb and platform, minimum 75em wide, shall be installed at the front of all garage parking spaces. Curb and platform height shall be perpendicular to the parking stall length. Anchored wheel stops may be used in surface lots. They may also be considered for garages, except those publicly operated. The curb and platform shall extend a minimum of 0.6m from the near face of the column or walt. Parking space stall lines shall be striped 0.6m less than layout dimensions cited in Section 2.2.9 thereby requiring vehicles to pull up closer to the curb. The equivalent stall depth reduction (0.6m from each parking bay) stall be added to the required drive aisle width, thereby maintaining the same mininam overall dimension from curb to curb. See Appendix 1, FigureA 1.1 for striping detail of typical parking spaces. Curb height shall not be not less than 150mm, except where curbing is used at the end of parking bays, where the height shall be 120mm. Wheel stops, where allowable by Section 3.1.2, shall also be 120mm in height. Raised islands shall not be provided at the end of parking bays unless required as pedestrian sidewalks for safe egress. Stalls for handicap accessible parking shall be grouped together and located convenient to pedestrian exit points, preferably at street grade level. Handicap spaces cannot be designated on parking ramps that exceed a 2% slope. Sometimes, accessible parking may need to be placed in more than one location, to accommodate desired destination requirements. The number of handicap accessible parking spaces shall not be less than 2% of the overall number of spaces in a parking facility, or as required by code. A 1.5m aisle diagonal crosshaiched is to be provided adjacent to each handicapped accessible parking space (two handicap spaces can share a crosshatch aisle). One of every eight required handicap accessible parking spaces shall be van accessible. A 2.5m crasshatched aisle on one side of each van accessible space is required, All crosswalks in the parking facility shall be similarly marked. See Appendix 1, FigureAl.1 for striping detail of handicap parking spaces. Access aisles adjacent to all handicap spaces shall not exceed 2% cross slope. Handicap parkers egress routes should not be behind parked cars. If this is unavoidable, a 92cm wide path shall be clearly marked with crosswalk hatch-marks. Each handicap accessible parking space shall be marked with a “Reserved Handicap (symbol) Parking” and wheelchair symbol on ground as required by Section 2.2.15. Van spaces shall also be signed as “Van Accessible”. All van accessible spaces, and the route to these spaces, shall be provided with a minimum vertical garage clearance of 2.5 m. Provision shall be made for motorcycle and bicycle parking by utilizing odd comers, which would otherwise be unused. Areas shall be sized to provide motorcycle and bicycle. patking spaces equivalent to a minimum of 2% of the overall number of spaces in a parking facility (need not exceed 20), of as required by code, Cycle-Safe inverted "U" bicycle racks shall be provided, and where possible located within visibility by garage staff Page 102.2.15 In surface parking facilities separate parking areas should be provided for trucks and buses, in order to enhance vehicle visibility and safety. Dimensions for both truck and bus parking stalls depend on the individual vehicle type. The table below provides some dimensions for a standard 35 passenger bus and/or a semisingle axle trailer unit, (See appendix 11, Fig.l and Fig.2) Bus and truck parking area - dimensions (See appendix 11, Fig.3) # 7) bay | travel] lane | curbto For one-way traffic (in meters): bays | width | lanes | width | curb ‘With parking bay on one side 1 [27 | 1 | 335 | 6.10 ‘With parking bays on both sides 275} 1 [335 | 885 For two-way traffic: Parking bay on one side 1 [ars | 2 [335 | 045 Parking bays on both sides 2 [27s | 2 | 338 | 12.20 ‘Saw tooth Berth dasign or through parking Min. Max. bays: | Length of space for standard bus 76.30 _- | 19.8 | meters enath of space for an articulated bus 24.40 |= | 26.0 | meters Recessed area from curb line 2.15 |__- | 3.08 | meters Parallel Parking Berth design: bay ‘Length of space for standard bus 24.40 | meters Length of space for articulated bus 30.50, meters Trucks operate best under a pull-in, pull-out arrangement. Stall lengths and widths must reflect regulated truck widths and lengths including operation of double or triple trailers. BODY | WIDTH ‘LENGTH TURN | INSIDE, RADIUS | RADIUS 2.6m + 1.4m door swing |S.2m+3.0mbumper [128m | 8.7m = 4.0m ‘overhang Intermediate [2.6m + 1.4m door swing | 15.0m+3.0mbumper | 122m | 6.1m Semitrailer_| = 4.0m overhang Lege 2.6m + 1.4m door swing | 15.0m+ tSmbumper |13.7m | 6.im Semicrailer_| = 4.0m overhang Single Unit | 2.6m +.5m door access | 12.2m+4Smbumper [128m | 7.im Bus =3.im overhang Buses operate best under a linear bus bays arrangement. This improves the safety of passenger circulation The bus layover/parking area should be separate from the passenger loading area. Park-and-rides lots should have separate entrances for cas and buses (For full detail see appendix 11, Buses and Trucks Parking Recommendations). Page 116 ‘There shell be at least 3 stalls between columrs. Columns shall be set back at least 0.6m (and preferably 1.0m) measured from the edge of the curb/platform to the near face of the column, The center of the double-striped stall line should fall on column Jines. Substandard stalls to allow for columns will not be permitted. See drawing in appendix 9. 2.2.17 Additional clearance between a stall and an adjacent wal or other structure shall be 0.6m. 22.18 Coordinate the parking space layout and location of standpipe systems with mechanical requirements, Where standpipes fall between two parking spaces, provide a 1.12 m fire fighter access space between parking stalls. Access-ways shat! be delineated by diagonal crosshatch striping and shall always be painted yellow. 2.4.19 Parking spaces stripes shall be double- 23 23.1 23.2 233 234 lined (except handicap crosshatch aisles) ————— and shall consist of 10cm stripes that are 20cm apart. A single 10cm stripe parallel to the drive aisle shall be used to connect the two stall lines. All parking space dimensions shall be measured to the center of the double-stripe. Paint stripes shall be white when provided on asphalt (such as in surface lots) and yellow when {ateos o120n) aoeds aun prepuers Santino provided on concrete (such as in Bipctamescioee AT garages). Handicap spaces shelf be striped, with blue paint, as described at above in Section 2.2.12, A blue handicap + wheelchair symbol shall be painted at Wg the rear of each handicap space, See } Appendix 1 and Figure 1 for larger “Typical Space Striping” detail.” Traffic Circulation and Ramps A simple logical search pattern shall be provided wherever possible within the car park Traffic circulation patterns shall be designed so that drivers searching for parking encounter minimum conflicts with exiting vehicles. ‘Traffic circulation can be either clockwise or counter-clockwise, as predicated by the main street level entrances: vehicles, after passing the entrance, shall travel in a straight- line path. Designs that force vehicles to turn immediately upon entering the gerage are undesirable. ‘Traffic aisles shall be aligned parallel to the long dimension of the parking arcas wherever feasible. In general, aisles that are excessively long should have a break incorporated in order to reduce travel distances especially those to egress the car park. Page 122.3.5 Minimum traffic drive aisle widths are provided in Section 2.29, 2.3.6 End aisles must be designed to provide an adequate tuming aisle radius for safe circulation. Minimum inner curve radius shall be 6.0m and a minimum drive aisle’ width of 8.0m is required for two-way traffic. 2.3.7 Minimum ramp widths shall be (drawings on following page): ‘One-way ramps: Straight wall to wall = 4.1m, ‘Curved wall to wall = 5.4m Two-way ramps: Straight wall to wall = 7.7m, Curved wail to wall = [6m One-Way Ramps: Straight; Wall to Wall- 4.10m, Curb to Curb=3.10m. 4.10 Curved; Wall to Wall= 5.40m, Curb to Curb=4.10m. 540m 4.10m Page 13,‘Two-Way Ramps: Straight; Wall to Wall=7.70m, Curb to Curb=6.70m. 770m as }¢——— 3.10 310.50 Jeo 3.10, k—_————_ 670m Curved; Wall to Wall= 10m, Curb to Curb=8.70m. 10m 06s oss }——— 410m —————>_0.50 |*———_ 410m ————+. 870m Minimum Preferred Outer Curb Radii for Curved Ramps Option Radius | Structize ‘Structure Width of (mt) | Clearance Out | Clearance In| Central raised Side Kerbs (mm) | Side Kerbs (m)_Kerb (m) One Way Curved Ramp | 9.00 0.65 0.65 0.50 ‘Two Way Curved Ramp | 13.25 0.65 0.65 0.50 Page 14238 23.9 2.3.10 23.11 23.12 23.13 24 24.1 24.2 243 Drive aisle widths and ramps shall not exceed the minimum dimensions by more than 0.6m in publicly operated facilities and in all other garages (except where reasonable justification is provided). Ramping designs that incorporate separate rapid access/egress (“speed ramps”) serving each parking level are the most desirable. These speed ramps shall have no direct access to parking spaces. The parking levels shall be relatively flat with this design, Thé speed ramps shall contain loop detectors to operate illuminated space counting signs, displaying the number of parking spaces available on each level. Where separate speed ramps cannot be accommodated, continuous ramps with parking are preferred. Maximum slopes shall be 5% for parking ramps, with 3 to 4% preferred. Ramps without parking shall not execed 10%. Curved speed ramps of maximum grades of 12% may be permitted over lengths less than 30ra. However, when ramps are required as a second means of pedestrian escape during a fire, they shall not exceed 10%. Max. Gradients for Vehicle Ramps Ramp Type Rise Max. Gradient Straight Ramps | not greater than 1.50m 4:08" creater than 1.50m 440 Curved Ramps? | not greater than 3.00m 4:10 ‘greater than 3.00m 412 41 Need vansiton gradients op end totom | Gretert measured on cater foe Ramps steeper than 7% shall have at least 3.0m lengths of transition grading of half the ramp slope at both top and bottom. Curved 2-way ramps shall have a raised curb 150mm high and at least 500mm wide separating the lanes, Internal spiral helical ramps shall have counter-clockwise traffic flow. Concentric spiral up and down ramps may be used, in which case the outer ramp should be the up ramp, as it will have the lesser gradient. Entry / Exit Standards The number of points of access shall be determined within the context of the functional design of the garage and the surrounding streets. Entry and exit gates and revenue collection facilities shall be provided at each car park in accordance with the layouts given in Appendix 2. ‘The number of entry and exit lanes to be provided will be dependent upon such factors as the dynamic capacity of the car park, the parking demand and the traffic flow on the road Unless otherwise indicated, sufficient entry and exit gates shall be provided to allow 25% Page 15244 24,5 24.6 247 248 24.9 of the capacity of the car park to arrive or to leave in 15 minutes. An example of the calculation of dynamic capacity is given in Appendix 3. For further details, see the reference in Section 1.1.7. The following parking control service capacities shall be adopted for each lane: Entry: 400 carsfhr where ticket is taken fiom a machine dispenser 800 cars/hr where no gate access contrat Exit: Pay cashier on exit, variable charge- 200 cars/hr Pay cashier on exit, fixed charge- 270 cars/hr Proximity Access Card Reader—500 cars/hr No access contrals or toll tags — 800 cars/hr Advance payment’, with tokens or pay-on-foot - 400 cars/hr. Adequate reservoir space is required on the approach to entrance gates to avoid cars interfering with other traffic. Ideally the illuminated “FULL” sign" could be read from the street or the layout should permit cars to retum to the road when the car park is full. Similarly, at exit gates, there must be adequate vehicle reservoir space betveen the barrier and the adjacent road or street to avoid blocking the traffic flow. The capacity of both these reservoirs shall be determined from dynamic capacity considerations in accordance with the reference in Section J.1.7, An example of the calulation of exit reservoir capacity is given in Appendix 4, Garage entrances shall preferably provide adequate reservoir space (five or six vehicles er lane), either inside or outside the structure, so entering vehicles do not block the movement of street traffic. A layout that allows vehicles to travel in a straight-line path after passing the entrance control point is preferable to a layout that forces vehicles to tum immediately upon entering the garage. ‘The distance between exit control points and the intersection of the driveway and street shall be determined within the context of the functional design of the gatage and clearly indicated on the plans. A straight queue length for at least hwo cars lengths prior to approaching the exit gates from within the gerage, allowing for queuing without interfering with parking or un- parking of other vehicles, is desirable. The exit area shall have no visual obstructions. Vision should be unimpeded as the driver exits. >The driver purchases a token or pays ata pay station before leaving the car park and inserts the tohen/validated ticket in « machine a the exit. * Once Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) isin place the sign will actually broadcast the nuraber of available spaces to the approaching customer. Page 162.5 Safety and Security 2.5.1 Passive security techniques shall be considered. 2.5.2 Where feasible, staircases and/or elevator cores shall be visible from the exterior, and/or glass enclosed. 253 Publicly operated facilities shall be designed for future addition of an active security system this design should use Intelligent Transportation System language when describing the equipment and functions, so that the element may be included in future ITS Architecture, A dedicated security communication frequency will be specified and reserved. Physical sleeves shall be placed in slabs and beams for future security conduits. 2.54 Management offices and cashiering booths shall be equipped with a securitylelarm system in publicly operated facilities 2.5.5 The layout of vehicular circulation of the car park shall be carefully andyzed and any points of particular hazard should be protected by the installation of safety barriers. 2.5.6 Exterior walls, including roof parapets, shall be designed to reduce the likelihood of accidental falls. 2.5.7 Safety barrier walls and parapets shall be dedgned.for impact from vehicles in accordance with Section 3.3.8. 2.5.8 Openings between garage levels in stairwells, elevator-waiting areas, parking areas, etc. shall be designed (or protected) to reduce the likelihood of accidental falls. 2.5.9 Floor parapets shall be 1.1m minimum height and shall have a smooth vertical inner face free from projections, holes, gaps and the like, which might form toe holds for climbing, Safety bartiers and services shall be positioned so that they cannot be used for assistance in climbing parapets. 2.5.10 Pedestrian access to the garage shall be provided at points along its perimeter which are convenient to pedestrian circulation, Pedestrian and vehicle conflicts at ingress/egress points shall be minimized. Hand raitings shall be used to discourage pedestrians from walking on entry/exit travel lanes. 2.5.11 All paths of pedestrian and vehicular circulation shall be well lit (see Section 5). 2.5.12 The stair and lift doors shall be positioned so that pedestrians epproaching and leaving are visible to the driver using the garage. 2.5.13. Pedestrian walk-ways shall be provided near lifts and stairs. 2.5.14 Hiding places, especially within stairwells, shall be eliminated. In publicly operated garages, sloped sections shall be used under stairs at Jowest level, along with full height Page 17screening with lockable gates at the top of stairwells where the stair extends up to @ nom public service room above. 2.5.15 Raised areas are required at elevators and stairs. ‘The platforms and sloping access ramps shall be protected by the installation of handrails, as required, to minimize pedestrian/vehicle conflicts. Platforms in front of elevators shall be a minimum of 3m from the elevator doors, 25,16 Consideration shall be given to the needs of handicapped persons. For example in pedestrian areas, steps or curbs should be ramped especially on access'ways to and from lifts, 2.5.17 A non-slip coating system shall be provided on concrete floors in all major pedestrian areas (elevator lobbies, stairwell landings, treads, etc) within a publicly operated facility. ‘The pathway shall have an even floor surface to minimize stumbling. 2.5.18 When alternate payment methods are utilized, pay stations shall be visible to the public using the parking facility. Pay station customers shall be protected from traffic. 2.5.19 The garage structure shall be located so as to permit Fire Department equipment access. See Section 6 for other fire protection requirements. 2.5.20 Parking garages, designated by the Municipality, shall contain the following provisions for after-hour closure: a. all open areas at ground floor fevel shall be provided with openwork cladding to provide natural ventilation and to prevent entry by intruders; b. vehicle entry and exit points shall have lattice or openwork roller shutters which can be locked during the hours when the car park is closed; cc. all pedestrian and staff accesses at ground floor level shall have lockable solid core flush doors which shal! be capable of being opened from the inside without the use of a key but shall sound an alarm when opened without a key; d. Generally, the designer shall provide all other things necessary to prevent unauthorized access to the car park during the hours when itis closed. 2.6 Pedestrian Circulation and Elevators 2.6.1 Stairs and lifts shall be located on the outer perimeter of the parking areas, wherever possible, and be connected by appropriate walkways to the surrounding area pedestrian systems. Stairfift cores shall be provided within a travel distance of not more than 50m from any parking space or as determined by the Fire Department regulations. 2.6.2 The effective width of staircases shall be not less than 125m and risers shall not be greater than 0.19m with treads not fess than 0.25m, The angle of pitch shall not exceed Page 182.63 264 26.5 2.6.6 2.6.7 2.6.8 269 2.6.10 2.6.11 38°. No flight-of stafrs shaff have less than 3 or more than 16 risers and there shall not be more than two flights of stairs without a change of direction. A handrail should be positioned 0.83m above the height of the threads and clear pedestrian headroom of at feast 2.3m must be maintained, Parking garages shall be provided with a minimum of one elevator bank containing two elevators. Additional banks of two elevators shall be located throughout the garage as required to meet the pedestrian demands of the facility. They shall be placed at points that are convenient for pedestrian circulation while compatible with garage arctitecture and structural desiga. A stairwell shall be located adjacent to each bank of elevators. Additional stairwells may be required to properly serve the site, or by code. The number of lifts in a ear park will depend on a combination of several factors including ear park capacity, car park layout and Fire Brigade. The number and capacity of the lifts shall be such that they shall be capable of transporting not less than 25% of the parking space capacity of the car park within 5 minutes, assuming an average of 1.5 persons pet car and a waiting time at landings not exceeding 40- 60 seconds. Where car parks are integral with commercial retail or office developments each lift shall have @ capacity of not Jess than 20 persons. Lifts shall serve all parking floors. Weather-protected waiting areas shall be provided at all exposed levels of the elevator and stairway access. Elevator entrances shall be protected against driving rain and dust storms. No water or sand should be able to enter elevator hoist ways, or accumulate in door tracks. Elevators shall be designed, manufactured and installed to address the specific outdoor environmental conditions associated with a parking garage structure. ll equipiment shall be resistant to vandalism. Elevator lifts shell comply with all codes and regulations, in accordance with BS 5655 and EN 81 and with Kuwait Fire Department regulations. See Section $ for electrical related requirements associated with elevators. All elevators shall be sized and configured to address handicap accessibility requirements; entrances shall be 1.07m wide. Elevator machine rooms shall be provided with heat, ventilation and/or ait conditioning to automatically maintain the temperature and humidity in these spaces within the range of accepted standards. A thermostatically controlled heating system shall also be provided to maintain the temperature of the hydraulic fluid within the manufacturer's recommended range. Elevator shafts shall be adequately ventilated. Each elevator shall have a 24 hour, 7 day, electronic time switch equipped with a battery back-up to operate the switch during power failures, The time switch shall automatically Page 192.6.12 2.6.13 2.6.14 2.6.15 2.6.16 2.6.17 2.6.18 2.6.19 control the outside cell buttons at each laiding, so an out-of-service elevator will not respond; the call buttons inside the elevator cars shall not be affected. The time ewitch shall shut down each elevator at a predetermined P.M. time on a daily basis, but will allow an elevator passenger at that time to retain contral of the elevator car while exiting. After every call, and when the time switch deactivates the elevator call station button, the elevator shall return to the dispatch level. The next day, at a predetermined A.M. time, the time switch shall be capable of reactivating the elevators. The time switch shall not affect the Fire Department's service key operation. Garages that are open to the public at all times may not require time clocks. Ii the event of fire, the lifts should automatically home to a predetermined floor where the doors are then opened and held open. The homing floor should beone where escape routes to the outside are available. One lift in every group shall be capable of being operated by the Fire Department during a fire. A fire alarm initiating device shall be installed in each elevator lobby at each floor, andin machine rooms. Elevators shall be provided with a fall height multi-beam infrared door protection device to prevent car and hoist way doors from closing, when obstructed. ‘Vandal-resistant call buttons, and buttons inside the elevator cab, shall be constructed of stainless steel, and flush mounted in publicly operated facilities. Signage adjacent to level number buttons in the elevator cars shall be color-coded to match the garage color level identification system. ‘Vandal-resistant car position indicator with directional arrows shall be placed inside each elevator car above the entrance. Position indicator with directional atrows and lanterns shall be placed in each elevator lobby above cach elevator entrance It shall include an internally iJJuminated sign with the words "Lift Not In Service". The light shall be activated when 1) the electronic ime switch has deactivated the call station panel, and 2) when the elevator has been taken out of service by any other means Power for the elevator “not in service light” and its controls shall be arranged so that it will remain in ‘operation when the elevator main breaker is tumed off. ‘The elevator capacity, required data and required instructions shall be posted inside the elevator. ‘An engraved sign prohibiting smoking in elevators, and a receptacle for the disposal of smoking material, shall be attached to the wall near each call button station. The receptacle shall be so located as to not interfere with pedestrian access. Engraved signs warning against use of elevators during fires shall be incorporated in the elevator call button station at each floor. Each car shall be provided ‘with a separate telephone line ad flush-mounted speakerphone with built-in auto dialer and ringer to permit two-way conversations with garage office or designated security agent. The device shall be incorporated into the car operating panel and be vandab-resistant. Page 202.6.20 2.6.21 Elevator hoist way doors and frames, and car doors and walls shall be made of satin finish stainless steel except for glass car walls provided for passive security purposes, in publicly operated facilities. All glass shall be laminated (safety glass). Stainless steel walls shall be removable and held in place with vandal-resistant fastenings. Elevator car floors shall be rubber tile. Lighting in the car shall provide a minimum iilumination level of 50 lux. at the car threshold. As required by building codes, emergency exits and stairs shall be located at the extremities of the building, subject to the requirements of the Fire Department. Enclosures to emergency stairs shall he designed to prevent flash over by fire through any windows and shall have fire resistant doors opening in the direction of escape, fitted with heavy duty automatic door closers. Escape routes shall be clear of obstructions and doors of cupboards, toilets and other rooms shall not obstruct the escape route, Section 3— Structural’ 31 3.1 3.13 BS General Structures shall be designed in accordance with the requirements and recommendationsof the standards and codes of practice set forth in Section 1,1 and Section 3.3 Design Loads and Requirements. A “clear span” design (long beam spans resting on columns located at the front of parking spaces only) shall be used to maximize parking efficiency, increase passive security, and allow future parking flexibility. Column spacing width is required to be a multiple of the parking space width (the standard shall be three spaces, with minor deviation acceptable), with lines between stalls required to fall on column lines. Publicly operated garage levels above grade shall meet the classification of an “open” parking structure, which is (unless stipulated by other governing codes) open on two or more sides totaling not less than 40% of the building perimeter, For a side to be considered open, the total area of openings shall not be less than 50% of the exterior area of the side on each level. Garages not meeting requirements for openness are consider closed (such as most basement levels) and carry more stringent requirements for ventilation and fire protection. The main structure shall be freestanding and separated from the "stiff elements such as stair and elevator towers, walls, ete. Masonry components shall be separated from the main structure. Elevator shafts and stairwells thet extend to an open roof level shall have reinforced concrete roofs. Vibration shall be minimized to the extent possible. Structures subjected to induced vibrations from machinery shall have a natural frequency that has a safe margin from the frequency of the induced vibration. » Tid requirements do not apply to automated structures, Page 213.1.6 Means to restrain vehicles at the edges and ends of parking and driving areas shall be provided. Wheel stops or tension cables shall not be permitted for this purpose. Conerete bumper walls are preferred, 3.1.7 Publicly operated structures shall be designed and constructed to minimize future maintenance problems, facilitate easy cleaning and repairs, andbe durable and crack-fiee. Shrinkage cracks shall be minimized by placing, finishing, and curing concrete in accordance with ACI recommended practices. Slabs shall be finished only after bleed ‘water has evaporated, 3.1.8 Wet curing is the preferred method of concrete curing, If approved by MPW, a curing compound that provides a maximum water less of less than 0.019 grams/sq. em. when tested under ASTM C-309 or AASHTO M-148 may be utilized and applied in accordance with manufacturer's directions, 3.1.9 Curing compounds shall be certified compatible with membrane waterproofing and deck sealers, In addition, wet curing may be required to prevent hot weather cracking. For precast concrete, an electronically controlled curing system that is compatible with the moisture curing specified above may be used. 3.1.10 All publicly operated concrete decks (except for areas designated to receive a traffic beating membrane system) shall be treated with a penetrating sealer as a protective system that will effectively prevent concrete deterioration. 3.1.11 All structural members, stairwells, elevator shafts, and fire resisting walls shall have a fire resistance of not less than 2-hour or more if required by code. Precast concrete units shall be designed to be fire resistant in accordance with these standards. 3.1.12 All driving and parking areas, except those receiving traffic-bearing membrane system, shall have a medium broom finish, pattemn-swept toward the main direction of traffic flow. 3.1.13 The design shall provide for openings, block-outs, embedments and attachments for technicaVelectrical systems Garage light fixtures shall be supported by a galvanized or stainless steel embedment properly anchored. Power driven or drilled anchors shall not be used, 3.2 Type of Construction 3.2.1 A comparative analysis must be undertaken; including initial and long-term costs, compatibility with functional requirements, and appearance, to determine which elements should be constructed using: a. Castinplace post-tensioned conerete slabs supported by a castin-place post- tensioned frame, and/or b, Precast pre-stressed concrete beams, columns, tees and/or “lithe walls." In-situ (cast- in-place) concrete slabs may be used for structural toppings precast elements. Page 223.22 3.23 3.24 3.2.5 3.2.6 32.7 32.8 3.2.9 3.2.10 3.2.11 Mechanical connections between precast elements may also be used. Full consideration shall be given to seismic loading effects in the design of connections between precast elements. Basement walls and ground slabs shall be of in-situ concrete construction. Walls above ground level and interior walls may be of insitu concrete, precast concrete or masonry. Basements shall be protected by an extemal, imperforate waterproof membrane. This shall he properly designed and adequate precautions taken to resist maximum possible water pressure, Parapets, cladding and facings may be of precast concrete or in-situ concrete masonry. Alternatively, Glass Reinforced Cement or Glass Reinforced Plastic or other material may be used subject to the approval of the relevant authority. All reinforcing steel, welded wire fabric, and tie wires used in beams, slabs, columns, ‘bumper walls, and architectural precast facades shall have a minimum concrete cover of 40mm. A cover of 50mm is preferred. 20mm of cover may be allowed on the underside of slabs. A minimum cover of 80mm shall be provided for concrete in contact with the earth, For garages without basements, slabs poured at-grade shall be a minimum of 13em in thickness, placed over 1Scm of washed gravel, and reinforced with welded wire fabric. A vapor batrier shall be used under slabs in enclosed space. IE no post-tensioned, concrete slabs shall be poured in a strip pattem, with tooled contraction. joints. Contraction joints shall be arranged so that the Jongside panel dimension will not exceed the short-side panel dimension by more than 50%. Panel area shall not exceed 55.74 meters square, Expansion joints shall be adequate in number, properly placed, watertight and easily maintained, Preferably, expansion joints shall be provided every 46m and in no case greater than 60m. No compression seals shall be used. Expansion joints shall be guaranteed for five years for publicly operated facilities. Control joints shall not be saw cut. All construction and contro! joints shall be sealed with a high quality, flexible polyurethane sealant. A five-year guarantee shall be provided for publicly operated facilities. Flexure cracks shall be minimized. 3.3 Design Loads and Requirements 3.3.1 Design loadings shall be calculated in accordance with the recommendations of BS 6399: Part I. Design loading for buildings and BS Code of Practice 3- Chapter V: Part Il ~"Wind Loads" Page 233.3.2 3.33 3.3.4 335 3.3.6 3.3.7 3.3.8 3.4, 341 3.42 343 ‘Wind loading shall be taken over the whole elevation of the building; no allowance shait be made for percolation through an open structure. Wind foading shall he calculated on the basis of a wind speed of 50 meter/second. The structure shall be analyzed for seismic loading using a horizontal acceleration of O.lg. The design of members shal! take account of the requirements and recommendations of Appendix A9 of A.C.I. Code 318-83 — “Requirements for frames in regions of moderate seismic risk”. The form of the structure and the structural details shall provide adequate resistance to seismic forces, based upon established good engineering and design practice, Structures shall be designed to remain stable at all stages of erection, If necessary, suitable temporary bracing or supports shall be designed and provided. Design loads shall be based on the applicable code requiring the greatest design loadings. In all eases the combination of loads which provides the greatest stresses shail be used. ‘Members shalt withstand: their own weight; design loads due to pressure and suction of wind; live and dead loads and erection forces as applicable. ‘Where applicable, component connections shall flex to accommodate building movement and misalignment of structure without permanent distortion, damage to components, wrecking of joint connection, breakage of seals, and moisture penetration, Safety barriers protecting parapets, bumper walls, lithe walls, and precast spandrels subject to vehicle impact shall be designed to withstand a horizontal force of 4600kgs applied at a height of 460mm above the deck at any point along the structure. Drainage Drainage works shall be designed in accordance with the requirements and recommendations of the relevant parts of BS 8301 - Building Drainage. ‘The parking structure shall be designed in such a manner that there will be no discharge of storm waters off the exterior and interior edges of the elevated floors. The entire perimeter of each floor shall be sloped toward the interior to provide positive drainage Water shall drain away from elevators and stairwells Provide positive drainage on all levels (minimum 2% slope in all directions). Both surface water drains and foul water sewers shall designed to be self-cleansing and connected to the municipal drainage and sewerage systems. A manhole shall be provided for each system, adjacent to the car park site boundary Where municipal systems are not available, septic tanks and soak ways shall be provided, designed in accordance with BS 6297 - Code of Practice for the Design and Installation of Small Sewage Treatment Works and Cesspools. Page 24344 34.5 3.4.6 3.4.7 3.4.8 3.4.9 3.4.10 3.4.11 3.4.12 3.4.13 Stacks through the roof shall vent the foul water sewers. The stack may be used for collecting discharges from sanitary appliances and for connecting vent pipes from traps. Sanitary pipe work shall be designed in accordance with the relevant requirements and recommendations of BS 5572 Code of Practice for Sanitary Pipe work. Flow in sanitary pipe work and in foul water sewers shall be the sum of the maximum discharge for each connected appliance calculated in accordance with Clause 7.2.1 and Table 2 of BS 5572. All traps shall be vented and vent pipes may be connected to the stack above the level of the highest discharge branch. Each toilet and each bathroom shall have a floor gully for wash down, connected to the sanitary system, as well as door thresholds. Roof drainage and rainwater pipes shall he designed in accordance with BS 6367 - Code of Practice for Drainage of Roofs and Paved Areas and shall provide for rainfall on the Toof at arate of 100mm/hr. All parking slabs shell be sloped to obtain proper drainage as required by Section3.4.2. Drains shall be provided at the bottom of stairwells. They shall either be located outside of the main pedestrian traffic area or be fitted with covers that do not pose a tripping hazard, Any openings between the treads, risers, landings, and stairwell walls shall be sealed. All stair treads, landings, and raised walking areas shall be sloped to drain. Floor drains shall be of adequate size and located frequently enough to ensure that runoff does not reach other levels of the facility. Do not locate floor drains in driving aisles unless otherwise approved. Ordinarily, trench drains are undesirable. Floor drainage systems may be connected to rainwater pipes which are suitably sized. The design flow from any area of flooring shall provide for immediate drainage of a group of 16 sprinkler heads discharging simultaneously. Adequate provision for wash down facilities shall he included in the floor drainage and the rainwater drainage systems. Heavy duty, vandal-resistent drains with strainers shall be used. Drains for parking decks, which are subject to storm water pick-up, shall be of the rectangular grill type, with minimum dimensions of 30cm x 60cm. Drains shall be set 25mm below finished floor elevations, and finish down to the drains to ensure that low points do not occur immedietely adjacent to the drains. Drainage of basement floors shall discharge to sumps at the lowest level and, be pumped from there to the surface water drainage system by means of agpropriate types of sump pumps. Not less than 2 pumps shall be provided at each sump, arranged to operate altemately, each being designed for the maximum quantities entering the sump. Sump pumps shall be provided with level control and high level alarm. All floor drainage shail pass through a petrol interceptor designed in accordance with CP 301 Fig. 2-3 Chamber Interceptor. Internal pipes shall be sized so that their outlets are not drowned when passing maximum discharged quantity. Page 253.4.14 All storm water drain lines, including leaders from the roof of elevator banks and stairwells, shall be protected from damage by vehicles, 3.4.15 Provide a sub-drainage system around the perimeter of the structure, if needed, and waterproof all wall areas below grade, A sump pump shall be provided to discharge water collected by the sub-drainage system to the building drainage system. 3.4.16 Storm water manholes and inlets shall conform to MPW standards. 3.4.17 Piping along perimeter of structure shal] not be visible from the exterior of structure. 3.4.18 Drainage from paving and access roads shall be designed in accordance with BS 6367 for a rainfall rate of 50mmv/hr. 3.4.19 Measures must be taken to ensure that external surface water from the adjacent public highway, pavements or other areas does not run off into the car park. 3.5 Asphalt Paving and Concrete Driveways 3.5.1 Where a car park construction project includes access roads, these shat! comply with MPW General Specifications, for Kuwait Motorvay/Expressway, Volume 1 of 2, (August 2004). 3.5.2. Such access roads must be consistent with adjacent highways and connect properly with existing cub fines, pedestrian footpaths, road drainage, levels and utilities. 3.5.3 The need to repave existing streets in the affected parking construction area, and replace existing curbs and gutters, shall be thoroughly investigated as part of the project design. 3.5.4 Design asphalt and concrete mixesto comply with cited regulation design standards. 4.5.5 For approaches to parking facilities and surface parking lots car parking related paving sections are to be as follows: Location Course Tyee Thickness Parking Lots and Type 1 Driveways __Sub-base Gravel 20cm" Parking Lots ahd Type 1 Driveways Base ‘AsphaltConcrete___6em Parking Lots and Type t Driveways Wearing Surface Asphalt Concrete SC__ 4m. Type 2 Driveways ‘Sub-base Gravel 2ocm* ‘Type 2 Driveways Roadway Consrete 20cm ‘lotes: type? shall be used where heavy vehicles are present * Material to be placed and compacted in 2 equal layers 3.6 Paints and Coatings 3.6.1 In underground garages and those serving predominately commercial retail customers, all conerete walls and ceilings shall be painted in a light neutral color (such asoff-white or eggshell) to enhance lightening in the garage. In all other garages, the areas around elevator and staircases, inside all staircases, and otfer locations of high pedestrian traffic (that do not contain decorative tiles) shall be painted with a light neutral color. This paint scheme shail allow painting walls and colurans in distinctive ways, so as to aid customers in remembering where they parked; this is actually preferred over all the same color. See recommended color scheme in Appendix 8 Page 263.6.2 3.6.3 3.6.4 3.6.5 3.6.6 3.6.7 3.6.8 3.6.9 Fach painting system (primer, intermediate, and finish coat) shall consist of compatible materials produced by a single manufacturer. Levels shall be color-coded to match standards set forth in Appendix 8, This includes staircase doors and frames, elevator doortaines (that are not stainless steel), bands around the elevator and stairway areas, and on select columns. The change of léveV/color shall occur near the center of the ramps, and in those locations, the first few columns on either side of the break line are not to be painted. All color-ccated surfaces will receive the same three-coat system (primer, intermediate, and finish coat) of compatible paints. Samples of all paint colors shall be submitted by the contractor for approval. Drain lines shall be painted to match the conerete color or the light neutral color when the adjacent structure is painted. Fire lines (Standpipes and sprinkler lines) shall be painted Standard Safety Red. Elevator shafts for glass-backed elevators shell be painted a dark neutral color, except for any below grade areas visible from within the car, which shall be painted a light neutral color to reflect light. ‘Do not paint stainless steel, galvanized and non-ferrous metal surfaces unless otherwise directed, Provide a conerete sealer on floors in elevator machine rooms, electrical rooms, storage rooms, supply rooms, bathrooms and similar interior space not covered with a flooring material of publicly operated facilities (see Section 3.1.13). A traffic deck topping membrane shall be applied to all drive aisles and to the area of deck above all support service rooms (elevator machine rooms, electrical rooms, mechanical rooms, storage toms, supply rooms, bathrooms and office space) in pudliciy operated facilities. Painting systems used in the publicly operated facilities shall have the following qualities: Structural Steel, precast panel connections and miscellaneous metals (aterior and Exterior). M Surface Preparation: commercial blast cleaning, WM First CoatShop Primer: Urethane Zine-rich primer at 2.5-3.5 mils Dry Film Thickness DET) M Intermediate Coat: Polyamidoamine Epoxy coating at 2.03.0 mils DE.T Finish : High-build Acrylic Polyurethane enamel, semi gloss at 2.03.0 mils DFT Page 27b. Metal Doors and Frames (Interior and Exterior) Surface Preparation: hand cleaning. m Primer : High and power tool - solid polyamidomine epoxy at 2.0-3.0 mils D.F.T M_ Finish Coat: High-build Acrylic Polyurethane semi-gloss at 2.0-3.0 mils D.E-T ¢. Concrete Masonry Units and Dense Concrete (General): Surface Preparation: Clean and dry. ™ Primer Coat: Cementitious-acrylic masonry filler covering 5.6-7.4 m* / per gallon. Not required on Dense concrete M Intermediate Coat and Finish Coats: High-solids Amine-cured epoxy coating at 5.0-6.0 mils DET 4. Concrete Masonry Units and Dense Concrete (Stairwells and Bathrooms): Surface Preparation: Clean and dry : Primer Coat: Cementitious-acrylic Masonry Filler at 5.6-7.4 m? / per gallon. Not required on Dense Concrete M Intermediate Coat: High-solids Amine-cured Epoxy costing at 6.0-8.0 mils DE-T. If brushed or rolled, (2) coats are required to achieve recommended coverage Finish Coats: High-build Acrylic Polyurethane enamel, semi-gloss, at 2.0-3.0 mils DET e. Concrete Masonry Units and Dense Conerete (Exterior) WM Surface Preparation: Clean and dry, Primer Coat: Cementitious-acrylic Masonry Filler at 5.6-7.4 m?/ per gallon. Not required on Dense Concrete, WM Intermediate and Finish C mils, For sand texture finish. : Modified-acrylate Elastomeric, matte, at 4.0-6.0 £ Dense Concrete (Underside of Parking Deck): ™ Surface preparation: Clean and dry. ™ Finish Coat: Modified-acrylic Elastomeric, matte, at 8.0 mils D.F.T. Two coats are required to achieve recommended coverage g. Galvanized Metal (Interior and Exterior) M_ Surface Preparation: solvent cleaning & Primer Coat: Polyamideamine Epoxy coating st 2.03.0 mils DET M Finish Coat: High-build Acrylic Polyurethane semi-gloss at 2.0-3.0 mils D.E.T Page 28h. Drywall General): M Surface Preparation: Clean and dry. Primer Coat: Water-based Epoxy primer at 1.0-2.0 mils DET § Finish Coat: Water-based Acrylic Epoxy coating, semi-gloss, at 4.0-6.0 mils D.F.T. If brushed or rolled, (2) coats are required to achieve recommended coverage 3.6.10 Guarantee required for publicly operated facilities: Work performed shall be guaranteed in writing to be free of defects relating to workmanship or material deficiency for two (2) years from date of final acceptance Any repair(s) necessary during this period shall be done immediately at no expense to the owner. All materials shall have their original adherence at the end of two years, and there shall be no evidence of blisters, running, peeling, scaling, chalking, rust, streaks, fading or stains at the end of this period. Washing with alkali-free soap and water shall remove surface dirt without producing any deteriorating effects. During guarantee period, annual inspection of the completed installation shall be done jointly by the Contractor and public operator maintenance provider, and any corrections required shall be done immediately by the Contractor at no cost to the public operator. Section 4 - Mechanical 44 4.11 4.1.2 General In addition to the codes and standards set forth in Section 1.1; mechanical elements shall comply with MEW codes and regulations. Where car parks are situated above ground, every effort should be made to use natural ventilation except where structural limitations prevent the size of permanent ventilatbn openings. Parking levels not meeting the 50% “open” criteria (in Section 3.1.3) shall be provided with a ventilation system and a carbon monoxide detection system, meeting all code requirements, in order to detect, alarm and remove offensive odors and roxious fumes. Supply air shall be introduced at locations and velocities thet will not be objectionable to garage patrons. All enclosed, basement, or underground parking shall be continuously ventilated by mechanical systems. The ventilation rate shall be sufficient to ensure that the carbon monoxide level in the Car Park areas does not exceed the following: Normal 50ppm (part per minute) Peak 100ppm (part per minute) The ventilation rate calculation shall be carried out twice. First, using the anticipated average traffic flow rate and a permissible concentration of 50 ppm and secondly, using the anticipated peak traffic flow rate and a permissible concentration of 100 ppm: The higher value shall then be used as the design ventilation rate, but in no case shall the rate be less than six air changes per hour. Page 29414 415 41.6 418 419 Floors below ground level shall, for the purpose of removing smoke (produced by fire), be provided with natural ventilation by means of openings positioned to induce cross currents and having a total area of not less than 2.5% of the area of the floor. Entrances may be included as providing part of this ventilation when closed only by lattice type gates, and any such gates, shutters or doors to entrances shall be locked shut only by means of a padlock fastening such as can be easily broken by a fireman in an emergency. Ventilation openings shall terminate not less than 1.5m above ground level, with louvered outlets. Air intakes shall be located to preclude the intake of exhaust fumes from vehicles outside the garage. Air shall be exhausted at locations that will not allow furmes to enter air intakes of nearby buildings and pedestrian areas. The design shell prevent the introduction of exhaust or other fumes from the parking areas into stairwells, elevator shafis, and support facilities, a. Each exhaust air and make-up air ventilation system shall be designed with two or more fans operating in parallel. b. A single additional fan shall he provided to act as a common stand-by to the operating fans and shall be automatically started in the event of a failure under normal or emergency power conditions, c. All ventilation equipment shall be provided with 100% stand-by electrical power supply. d. Distribution ducting shall be arranged to exhaust 1/2 of the required ventilation rate from low level and 1/2 from high level. Ventilation systems must not produce objectionable noise levels or air velocities in areas occupied by the public. Necessary sound attenuation equipment shall be incorporated in the Car Park ventilation systems so that the noise level does not exceed 50 dBA at Im distance from any exhaust air or supply make-up air grille. Mechanical ventilation of stairwells shall be provided to reduce high temperatures especially at the upper levels. ‘The ventilation of toilets shall be designed - to the standards of A.S.H.R.AE. If toilets do not have direct access to unpolluted air the ventilation system shall provide an unpolluted fresh supply. Ventilation equipment rooms and fire protection plant rooms shall be mechanically ventilated to the standards of A.S.H.R.AE. A separate air supply shall be provided where applicable for the engine driven fire pump, and standby generators used for engine cooling and general ventilation. 4.1.10 Rooms protected by fire extinguishing gases shall be provided with the following facilities: a. Provision to automatically close off any air inlets or outlets simultaneously with the discharge of gas. Page 304.11 4.1.12 4.143 4.1.14 41.15 'b. The initiation of the fire detection and alarm systems shall cause the fans associated with the ventilation and air conditioning to automatically stop. Thermostatically controlled heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems shall be provided in the following garage areas: administrative offices, cashier booths, security guards booth and restrooms. The thermostat for the restrooms shall be accessible only by staff. Air conditioning, ventilation fans and tempered air for heating shall be provided in elevator machine room, electrical switch room, generator rooms, pump room or other mechanical rooms (except janitor’s supply closet). The electrical substation shall be provided with an independent air conditioning system and shall incorporate a high temperature alarm displayed in the central control room. Ventilation fans only are required for garage storage oom and janitor’s closet. The heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems for all support rooms shall keep the temperature within the operating range of electronic equipment used for power and control of lighting and emergency lighting equipment. The HVAC system shall have provisions for fire dampers to meet applicable codes. The HVAC system shall have thermostats for automatic operation. The HVAC system shall be designed for the loads encountered by the equipment for the specific facility. The HVAC system shall operate on either 220/240 VAC or 415V for 3 phase systerns, In addition, where through-the- wall units are used in publicly operated facilities, they shall be high-efficiency, with automatic thermostats, multiple speed cooling, slide out chassis for ease of installation and removal from the inside. Exterior finish of high corrosion resistant coating, easy- access filters, multiple airflow controls and exhaust and ventilation controls shall be used. Piping shall be located and installed so that it does not reduce vertical clearances below 230m to the underside of any obstruction, except a minimum clearance of 250cm is required for vehicles routes to van accessible handicap spaces Sleeving through beams shall be provided as required. Pipes passing through floors (except for slabs on grade) shall be sleeved, Sleeves shall extend Sem above the floor level to prevent water from flowing to lower levels of the garage Sleeves shall be schedule 40 steel pipe, or equivalent thickness plate steel for non-circular openings, and hot-dipped galvanized after fabrication. The space between the sleeve and pipe shall be tightly caulked with an appropriate caulking compound, Pipe guards securely fastened to structural members shall protect all pipes and ducts pessing through the parking or drive areas at elevations subject to vehicular damage. Pipe guards shall be fabricated from Sem steel, hot dip galvanized after fabrication Connections shall be designed to withstand anticipated impact loads, Water shall be supplied at convenient locations on each floor, with adequate pressure for cleaning the facility using 30m of 38mm fire hose. The water system shall be designed to prevent unauthorized use, and for easy draining when there is a threat of freezing conditions. All piping is to be exposed, neatly and securely fastened to the surface of the structure, and located so it will not be damaged by vehicles or subject to vandalism Hose Page 314.116 4.1.17 4.1.18 4.119 connections can be located inside stairwells, at ends of parking bays and between parking stalls, so parked cars will not block them. Hose connections and valves shall not protrude in such @ Way as to present a safety hezard to pedestrians A booster pump shall be used. The wash down portion of this requirement may be met by the standpipe system if requirements coincide, Standpipe, sprindler, and fire alarm systems shall be provided in basements and where required by code. Standpipe systems shall be air supervised dry systems, in accordance with NEPA Standard 14, as amended by the addition of paragraph 1-7.2. The system is to be sized with regard to any planned additions to the parking garage It shall be sized by: the construction contractor and submitted in accordance withNEPA Standard 14, 1-10, as amended. The distance between the pumper connections serving the dry system and fire hydrants shall not exceed 30m, The number of standpipes shall be in accordance with NEPA Standard 14, 3-2, as amended to require that measurements must be parallel or at right angles to walls. Piping shall be located so vehicles witi not damage it. Stendpipe valves and hose connections in parking areas shall be located between parking stalls, in a 112cm fireman’s access aisle, so they will not be blocked by parked cars Valves and hose connections stall be provided inside cach stairwell. Hose connections and valves shall not protrude in such a way as to present a safety hazard to pedestrians, Standpipes shall be specified to be installed ftom grooved joint pipe Welded joints are not permitted. Hose bibs shal] be provided at convenient locations along the outside periphery of the garage, coordinated with other requirements for landscaping and irrigation in Section 7. They shall be designed to prevent unauthorized use, damage by freezing, or vandalism. ‘Vacuum breakers shall be provided as required by code. Piping along perimeter of structure shall not be visible from the exterior of structure, See Section 3.4 for other drainage requirements, Section 5— Electrical 5.1 5.1 5.12 General The electrical design shall be in full compliance with MEW Regulations for Electrical Installations. It shall also be in accordance with the IEE Regulations and relevant British Standards where these do not conflict with the MEW Regulations. Electrical service, adequate to meet the parking garage requirements, shall be connected to an appropriate electric power company source by an underground service entrance Electrical service shall provide: Supply Voltage 415. V_ (+ or ~6%) 3 phase, 4 wire feed system Supply Frequency _50-60Hz (+ or — 4%) and with solidly earthed neutral system If possible, electric meters should be located where they can be read without the need to enter a locked space. Page 325.13 SAS 5.1.6 5.19 Alll electrical works, equipments, accessories and fittings shall be designed to opaate continuously in the electrical supply system having the above Section 5.2 characteristics. Main electrical supply from MEW may be expected to require the provision of a transformer substation in the cat park. The requirements and location shall be agreed with MEW. The electrical service within the garage shall be 240 VAC for lighting and equipraent systems, and 120 VAC for power outlets. Only rigid metal electrical conduits may be used. Except where otherwise equired by code, they shall be run exposed, and attached to the surface of the underside of slabs, or the surface of beams, columns, and walls, unless otherwise approved Conduits at CMU walls, stairwells, and elevator lobby locations shall be concealed within the CMU. Where exposed conduits encounter obstructions, the obstructions shall be sleeved to accept the conduit Conduits passing through floors (except for slabs on grade) shall be sleeved. Sleeves shall extend Sem above the floor level to prevent water from flowing to lower levels of the garage. Sleeves shall be Schedule 40 steel pipe, or equivalent thickness plate steel for non-circular openings, and hot dipped galvanized after fabrication. The space between the sleeve and pipe shall be tightly caulked with an appropriate fire resistant caulking compound. Pipe guards securely fastened to structural members shall protect all conduits passing through the parking or drive areas at elevations subject to vehicular damage. Fipe guards shall be fabricated from Scm steel, hot dip galvanized after fabrication. Connections shall be designed for anticipated impact loads. The Main L.T. Board shall be located in an electrical equipment room adjacent to the substation. Sub-main Switch Boards shall he located so that they are inaccessible to the public. Each floor level shall have an adequate number of distribution boards, if possible located so that wiring does not have to cross building expansion joints. They shall be housed in lockable boxes not accessible to tampering by the public. Junction box with 20A D.P. switches is to be provided for water coolers, for window type AIC units, and for individual electrical water healers, if any. Individual earth ground (leakage) protection with suitable sensitivity shall be provided for all power and lighting circuits in accordance with MEW regulations. Any switches, controls, or thermostats not in locked rooms shall be protected from unauthorized use by providing wall mounted lockable metal covers out of typical reach fiom the public, 5.1.10 Socket outlets shall be provided as detailed in Sections 9.1.1 and 9.3.1. 5.1.11 No aluminum wire shall be used. 5.1.12 Electrical outlets (20 amp. 120-240 volt} shall be provided at the exterior of each stairwell on each level in a location not accessibleto the public by locating 2.2m above finished floor. Each stairwell is to be on a separate circuit. Page 335.1.13 5.1.14 5.1.15 Any garage requiring standpipes shall have one 30-amp, 120-240 volt circuit for each standpipe riser for firemen fans, supplied from the emergency panel, with a 20-ampere three-wire twist lock receptacle at each hose connection as acceptable to the Fire Department. A lighting system shall be provided to promote pedestrian and vehicular safety and security, a. Lighting intensity shall consider the brightness of natural light as it relates to various parts of the garage. b. Visibility shall be optimized with respect to the vertical and horizontal planes and uniformity of illumination. c. Glare shall be minimized for drivers and pedestrians, The lighting system shall’ be economical, efficient, and provide for minimum maintenance. a, It shall be energy efficient. b. It shall be vandal, breakage, and weather resistant. c. It shall require minimum maintenance. Components, including lamps, shall have long life to reduce maintenance costs and avoid intezuptions in service. Contractor shall provide to the public operator 16% spare light bulbs of each type and wattage used in the publicly operated garages. d. Fixture locations shall be easily accessible for maintenance. e. The control system shell permit various patterns of lighting activations during different times of the day/evening on an areaby-area basis (see Section 5.17). Additionally, circuits shall be arranged by levels, such tat individual levels can be deactivated when garage utilization requies closing sections of the facility. f. The design will also allow for the possibility of operating all of the lights al! of the time with standard LUX levels and suitable rendering lamps. & Garage light fixtures shall be anchored in accordance with the strwtural design criteria (Section 3.1.16). Power driven anchors shall not be used. th, In precast garages with low “I” beams that limit effectiveness of lighting, stanchion posts and frameworks are to be used to lower the light fixtures to Sem above the bottom of adjacent beams. Attachment shall be in accordance with Section 3.1.16. Page 345.1.16 Minimum illumination levels at the floor level shall be as follows: Area Intensity Entrance/Exit laside garage areas 500 lux Drive Aisles and Ramps 150 lux Parking Stalls below grade 100 lux Parking Stalls above grade 100 lux Inside Stairways & security problem areas ( and pay station areas) 200 lux Pedestrian Lobby/landing areas outside of stairs and elevators 200 lux Roof (exposed to outside) 20 lux Vehicle and pedestrian areas outside the garage and surface lots. 200 lux Restrooms 200 lux Control Room 300 lux Other Support service rooms 150 lux ‘The above minimum illumination intensities shall be produced by a lighting system with an average/minimum uniformity ratio not exceeding 3/1. The design should include calculations to demonstrate that the lowest intensity produced by the lighting system at any point within each area is not less than 1/3 the average intensity shown above. Point by-point computer printouts are required to verify this performance in garage design submissions. 5.1.17 Lighting shall be controlled by a combination of manual on-off switches, 7-day electronic time switches provided with reserve power, and photo-controls. Astronomic type time clocks shall not be used. a. Alll below grade parking levels shall always be fully illuminated. Circuits shall be provided with a manual control capable of reducing the lighting level (in diagonal alignment). b. The garage requires the following lighting control sequence for all parking levels (except as noted in a,,c., and d. of this section): Fixtures | Dask to Midnight to Dawa ‘Dawn to Dusk Midnight All ‘All lights [Every other fixture (in | Outer bay inside rows, Outer ramps Parking | on. diagonal alignment) off by | outside rows, interior bays and all Levels action of a time clock, | ramp fixtures shall be on. Every except lights at tums, | other fixture should be controlled comers of garages, and at | by electronic time clocks, except in elevator/stairwell access | publicly operated garages, where alll areas shall always be on. | lights shall be on. Roof Same as | Same as above ‘All lights off. (open ait) _| above ¢. Roof lighting fixtures shall be controlled by a photo-control and time clock as described above. Page 35d. All lights at garage entrance/exits shall be on from dawn to midnight. From midnight to dawn, one third of the lights shall be off. e. Exterior driveway and site lighting (exterior of the structure) shall be controlled by a photo-control, and come on at dusk lighting levels, £. External lighting of the car park building shall be designed in full coordination with the Landscape Architect. Wherever a cable feeding external lighting crosses asphalted areas cable ducts shall be provided. 5.1.18 Fixture types a. Parking areas - 100 w, or 150 w. depending on 2 lighting analysis, 230 VAC, high- pressure sodium or metal halide, tamperproof, vandabresistant, ceiling mounted luminaries. Fluorescent tubes may not be used in publicly operated garages. b. Stairwells, Elevator Lobby/Landing, and Pay Station Areas - Metal halide lighting must be used for these areas. Vandabresistant wall packs shall be used. Fluorescent tubes may not be used in publicly operated garages. c. Roofs - Pole-mounted, anodized aluminum, 150 watt high pressure sodium luminaries, medium cut-off, hi-impact lens, enclosed and gasket, with integral ballast and adjustable knuckle shall be specified. 5.2m square anodized aluminum poles hinged at the base shall be mounted on a Im high concrete pedestal. Poles located on the perimeter are to hinge inward. Other poles must hinge so as not to meet obstructions. d. Pedestrian Exit Signs - Self-luminous, vandal-proof exit signs shall be used directing pedestrian to all emergency exit staircases. 2. Driveways and site lighting (exterior of the structure) - Pole-mounted, anodized aluminum, 150 watt high pressure sodium or metal halide luminaries, medium cut- off, hi-impact lens, enclosed and gasket, with integral ballast and adjustable knuckle shall be specified. 5.2m square anodized aluminum poles hinged at the base shall be mounted on a Im high concrete pedestal. £. Illuminated traffic directional signage - Each vehicle entrance and exit lane, both inside and outside the garage, shall have illuminated box signs with a green “|” (Gown arrow) denoting useable lanes and a red “X” denoting wrong way. Reversible center lanes, should they exist, must have both a green “|” (down arrow) and red “X”, controlled by manual switches in the manager’s office. These traffic directional devices may be lit with neon tubing or fiber optic. Other illuminated signs are also located in and outside the garage, 5.1.19 An emergency lighting system, in accordance with code requirements, shall be provided The standby power supply shall be a fast transfer central battery system equipped with a means for automatic charging of the batteries Sealed maintenance-free lead-calcium Page 365.1.20 5.1.21 5.1.22 5.1.23 recombination batteries shall be used. There shall be no appreciable interruption of illumination or revenue control systems during changeovers between power systems. Provisions for HVAC to maintain the manufacturer's required temperature in the room containing the emergency lighting system, shall be coordinated with mechanical design criteria. Emergency power provided by a diesel generator housed in a wom adjacent to the substation shall be incorporated in the emergency lighting system for extended use. ‘The emergency power system shal! have the capacity to operate: 2. Fifty percent of the lighting within each floor of the building; b. All internally illuminated signs within the building; c. Fire fighting equipment and Automatic Fire Alarm System; 4. All drainage, sanitary, sump, booster pumps; e. Parking Revenue and Access Control equipment and Toll Booths; £ One hundred percent of the ventilation system requirements; g. One lift in each core, plus sufficient power to bring all other lifts to the predetermined floors with escape route; h, All other alarm and communications equipment; i. future revenue collection and security equipment ‘There shall be no appreciable interruption of illumination or revenue control systems during changeovers between power systems. The emergency generator shall have noise silencing provisions, such that the system meets or exceeds local codes, For publicly operated garages, a maintenance contract/warranty shall be required for a period of two ‘years after final acceptance. Circuits to serve elevator motors shall be sized in accordance with the needs of elevators meeting the requirements of Section 2.6, but in no case are to be sized for motors of less than 50 hp. Fire alarm system shall be designed in accordance with BS 5939 Fire Detection and Alarm Systems in Buildings and current Kuwait Fire Brigade requirements. Fire Detectors shall be provided throughout the parking area at 25m spacing. The main fire alarm panel shall be located the control room, with sub-fire alarm panels in each core area connected to the main panel. Cables and conduits for signals from the main fire alarm panel to the machine rooms for lift groups within each fire zone shall be designed and installed as part of the car park alarm systema, not as part of the lift installation, CO detectors shall be provided at locations thoughout the car park, with special emphasis on ramps and at exits, where CO accumulation is most likely to occur. Detectors must be connected fo an alarm panel in the control room to give visual and audible warming of CO concentrations in excess of the designed maximum. Page 375.1.24 Spare cable duets for traffic signals or other utilities shall be provided across di entry and exit lanes at their junctions with access roads. Also at the junctions of access roads and the primary road system where such access roads form part of the car park construction project. Additional cable ducting is required between the car pak buildings and an adjacent access road for a future connection between the Car Park Control System and the Kuwait Area Traffic Control System. 5.1.25 Provisions shall be made for the installation of public telephones on the exterior of garages. This shall be coordinated with the telephone company supplying local service to the area where the facility is located. No, wiring is to be exposed on the facade of the garage and the location is to be compatible with the overall appearance of the garage 5.1.26 Telephone lines and equipment shall be provided for voice and data transmission as needed for the parking manager’s office, parking revenue control system (including pay stations and computers), security system, and elevator rescue assistance monitoring. 5.1.27 Protection fiom spillover lighting shall be provided to meet code requirements, or as requested by the Municipality. Section 6 — Fire Protection 6.1 General ‘The structure of a moder multi-storey and underground car park uses mainly non-combustible materials and is considered a low fire risk. The fire spread from vehicle-to-vehicle is the major concern when considering fire loading in the enclosed car park. The extent of the damage/threat will depend on the: ™ Number and mix of vehicles in the car park at the time of a fire Degree of ventilation in the affected area. Factors which reduce riskinctude: Early detection of a fire. Staff fire safety training and Standard Operating Procedures for fire emergencies Fire warning systems. Sprinkler systems. Frequent risk assessments. Compartmentalized construction. General security. Page 386.2 Fire safety standards 62.1 The Fire Protection to the Car Park shall comply in all respects with the relevant sections of BS 5306 or NFPA 88A in accordance with Kuwait Fire Brigade. 62.2 The standatd of structural fire resistance required is normally measured in relation to values determined by the fire test described in standards such as the European harmonized fire tests, which will supersede BS 476: Parts 20,21 and 22 respectively are; BS EN 1363-1. BS EN 1364-1. é Safety engineering in buildings. London: BSI, 1997. pplication of fire safety engineering principles to the design oF buildings. London: BSI, 2001. BS EN 1365 parts 1-4. 62.3 Automatic fire alarms detection and extinguishing equipment can be rendered inoperative by explosions or vandalism. In the selecting extinguishing equipment, care should be taken to ensure that, while effective for use against petrol and oil fires, the items do not give rise to toxic gases when their contents come into contact with hot surfaces. Some equipment that is suited for use outdoors presents a toxic risk in confined spaces, 6.2.4 Means of escape require that clearly defined routes be posted with adequate consideration for illumination along the path. 6.2.5. Fire prevention systems shall be comprise of portable fire extinguishers throughout the facility plus: ‘Car Parking Levels: Electrical, ‘Offices, Revenue | Diesel Engine Mechanical && Security | Room Transformer Room | Guard Room ‘Automatic Sprinkler System Ga | Halon Systems. COF Systems. basements & enclosed below ground areas). Hydrant and Hose Reel Systems ‘Hose Reels 62.6 See Sections 4.1.17 and 4.1.18 for standpipe system requirements. 6.2.7 See Section 9.3.4 Water supply requirements for garage wash downs and fire fighting. Section 7 - Landscaping and Irrigation 7.1.1 Kuwait Municipality guidelines or zoning regulations may require that garage structures occupy no more than a ceriain percent of a building site, be set back certain distances from property lines, and provide a certain percent of amenity space. If no guidance exists for an area, the minimum standards set forth in Section 1.2.1 shall be used. Setbacks shall be maintsined as green areas, Amenity space, defined as open space for public enjoyment, shall be designed with lawns, plantings, fountains, art objects, walks, etc. Page 39TAZ 714 71S 116 TAT TAS Td Surface parking lots shall incorporate amenity space (landscaping) elements to the degree possible; utilizing ali unused parking areas. Priority efforts shall be extended to the provision of shading, combining canopies and natural elements. The landscape design and treatment of external areas of the car park should provide for the functional requirements of the space, while complementing and enhancing the building architecture. ‘This should include hard and soft landscape treatments. Specific attention should he given to the utilization of shade and natural ventilation opportunities to minimize heat gain, radiation and glare, and to the treatment of interfaces between extemal Imdscaped areas, car park structures and adjacent land areas, Care should be taken to ensure that landscape treatment does not conflict with infrastructural requirements such as sub-surface services and utilities, structure foundation or ventilation ducting, Consideration in design should be given to the prevention of unauthorized vehicle access to pedestrian areas and general open spaces, to ensure effective separation of vehicular/pedestrian circulation. Appropriate use of changes of level, ramps, steps, bollards and deterrent paving should be considered. Appropriately placed pedestrian paths and shrubs shall be used to discourage excessive foot traffic on lawn areas, Landscaping shall not provide hiding places, means of climbing to upper levels or obscure sight lines for vehicles or pedestrians at exit portals or into a garage, All landscaped areas should be designed to drain adequately to prevent local bonding or water logging. Note should be taken of local climatic conditions with respect to rain and to dust storms. All paved areas should have appropriate drainage slopes and loose surfaces should be adequately graded. 7.1.10 Within the site area, no external surface should be left untreated. All surfaces should be designed to incorporate soft, hard, or loose material land treatment. ZAI A variety of surfacing materials should be used to provide spatial and functional detention, and textural variation, In pedestrian areas, materials should provide a practical, durable and safe surface for pedestrian circulationand, where applicable, for occasional access by service and emergency vehicles. 7.1.12 All surfaces and structures should be designed wherever possible to have low heat absorption properties and low reflectivity to reduce heat build up and glare to a minimum. Page 407.1.13 Preference should be given to the use of locally manufactured and available materials, including conerete block, precast paving slabs and tiles, and to poured insitu surfaces. Efforts shall be made to obtain sound sub-base natural materials to avoid slumping and settlement of paved surfaces, 7.1.14 At changes of level, consideration should be given to pedestrian circulation andhandicap aocess/egress requirements (steps, ramps). Refer to standards set forth in BS 8300 - Design of Building Approaches to Meet the Needs of Disabled, and ISE - Parking Provisions for Disabled People. Slope stabilization efforts shall be made to prevent slumping or surface run-off and wind erosion. Retaining walls should be structurally designed to perform to maximum loading and finishes should be complementary with those of the buildings. 7.1.15 All landscape should be designed to retain its structural, operational and zesthetic integrity for a minimum 15 years, 7.1.16 To ensure visual continuity and common design expression, all utility fixtues such as lighting, signage and street furniture and hardware should be consistent in scale and finish with hardscape elements such as structures end surfaces. 7.1.17 External street funiture and hardware should be fabricated of materials resistant to sand abrasion and corrosion, and should be detailed and located so as to prevent sand/dust accumulation. 7.1.18 The use of planters in external areas whether precast or in-situ poured structures, should consider pedestrian flow and space use requirements. 7.1.19 Placement of manholes, service ducts and traps should avoid location within planting beds or planters, in order to facilitate access and maintenance, Within paved areas, these fixtures should be kept flush to adjacent surface finishes. 7.1.20 Litter bins should be designed and located for practicality and ease of use, and for maintenance accessibility and refuse collection. Bins should be conveniently located within public areas, as well as points to and from these collection areas A designated smoking area shall be provided outside of the structure and fire-proof containers will be provided for disposal of cigarette butts. For publicly operated facilities, design and location of litter bins shall be in accordance with the desires of the public operator. 7.1.21 Light levels for pedestrian areas including: paths, stairs and ramps, both inside and outside the garage shall be in accordance with Section 51.16. Pole lighting and wall mounted luminaries shall be used for lighting of vehicular and pedestrian egress areas. Efforts shall be made to avoid spillover lighting on adjacent properties. Special efforts to use lighting to enhance nighttime appearance of amenity/landscape elements shall be included. Page 4171.22 71.23 7.1.24 71.25 7.1.26 7127 7.1.28 7.1.29 Edge interfaces between hardscape and sofiscape should identify change of use and function, while restricting/preventing access if required. Similarly, edges should prevent soil run-off and local ponding and should facilitate maintenance of both had and soft surfaces. Consideration should he given to raise concrete curbs, trip rails, fencing, ceterrent paving, and steel headers as possible treatments, In non-pedestrian areas, at interfaces of horizontal surfaces and vertical structures end in the detailing of edges, consideration should he given to use of suitable loose surface treatment such as rock, stone or gravel. Comers, edges and plane interfaces should be designed to aveid sand/dust and litter accumulation. Suitable protection treatment should be considered for trees in pedestrianized areas. Alternatives for tree well covers might include stone or rock covering, metal or concrete gates. Any solid cover should fit flush to adjacent surfaces, should be suitable for adjustment as the tree grows and its caliper increases, and should not he liable to breakage. Plant material should be, selected to meet functional requirements of shade, shelter screening, definition and structure of open space; and amenity ard aesthetics. In plant selection, consideration should be given to: B® Climatic problems associated with exposure and local wind funneling and turbulence adjacent to large buildings. Soil conditions. Quantity, quality and availability of irrigation water. Type of irrigation system. Requirements for maintenance, ie. with planters incorporated on the building at different Jevels exposure is a particular problem and species liable to dieback should be avoided. Species chosen should be those proven hardy in Kuwait and known to be locally well established as a type, and fully acclimatized to local climatic conditions Planting design should reflect functional purpose (see Section 7.25 above), maximum size anticipated in the planting conditions, soil, local climatic conditions, method and application rate of irrigation, character of the individual plant, and opportunities for massing and variety where appropriate. Consideration should be given to use of suitable growing mediums for all plants, whether in open groun¢ or in planters. Use of soil conditioners, such as vermiculite, perlite, or organic resin foam, of organic fertilizers, and of soil ameliorants such as peat or composted bark should be assessed. All trees, shrubs, plants, sod and ground cover at publicly operated facilities are to be covered by warranty by the contractor for a period of one year from the date of firel acceptance of the garage project. All maintenance including watering, mulching, Page 42weeding, fertilizing, and spraying to control insects and disease, are to be provided by the contractor from the time of planting through the end of the warranty period. 7.1.30, Where planting is to be incorporated, into the structure of the building, for example in elevated wall planters, planters should be insulated using sheet polystyrene lining or similar material. This is especially important for those planters with a southerly and northerly aspect. The planter location and choice of plant material should accommodate climatic and functional constraints such as exposure, accessibility for maintenance, and visual appearance. Location, orientation and choice of planter design and support structures should he carefully considered, as should plant form, colour and texture. Provision should be made for drainage of planters as in integral component of the building drainage system design. 7.1.31 Planting pits for trees, palms and shrubs should have a minimum size 2 1/2. times greater in diameter than the root ball, add 1 1/2 times deeper than root ball depth. Consideration. should be given to use of membranes or under-drainage if there is risk of saline ground water contamination. All trees and palms should be adequately supported if necessary, using stakes or guy wires/"dead men" as applicable, 7.1.32 To ensure visual and functional results, while respecting building and wall maintenance requirements, plant should be placed at approved distances as fillows. From building walls: From free standing walls: 1.5m diameter of tree crown + 0.5m for trees | 1.0m min. for trees 1.2m min, for shrubs 0.7m min. for shrubs 7.1.33 The purpose of irrigation is to ensure optimum growth, and, through efficient use of water, to miximize waste, Consideration should be given in systems design to availability of water for irrigation, the type of water available, (potable/brackish) and water supply sources and methods. In general, all planting in extemal areas should be ingated with brackish water, and all planting on the building with potable water. 7.1.34 Plant species selection for extemal areas will depend to a considerable extent on water salinity, which is expected to range between 3500 and 7000 ppm. Salinity levels, should be ascertained prior to use. 7.1.35 Traditional methods of manual irrigation are widespread in Kuwait. However, consideration should be given to the use of an automatic irrigation system, with 2 separate component for irrigation at ground level and for elevated buildings level planters. 7.1.36 System design should incorporate the most appropriate distribution system trickle/drip/ bubbler/spray) compatible with water quantity, quality, facility of application, type and location of planting, anticipated maintenance levels, and ease of maintenance of the system.TA3T7 7.138 7.1.39 7.1.40 TAAL 742 7143 11.44 71.45 The automatic system should incorporate all necessary pipe work, filters, solenoid and gate valves, emitters or bubblers, and timers/controllers necessary to facilitate a system. All components of the system should be designed and installed to minimize public access and contact, with locked lids and doors being used where appropriate. Should brackish water supplies not be available on a regular daily basis, consideration should be given to provision of storage facilities to eliminate interruption of irrigation due to water supply short falls. A minimum 3 day supply provision is suggested. Installation of a hose union system to allow wash down of external areas, and back-up manual watering for any automatic system is required (see Section 4.1.17). Where pipe work passes under or through structures or pavements, it should be sleeved to prevent damage or cracking end to accommodate stress and loading. External landscaped areas, building planters, amenity elements and irrigation systems should incorporate maximum uniformity and standardization to minimize servicing and maintenance. Minimal maintenance levels should anticipated in any eventuality. A maintenance manval should be prepared indicating schedule of operations, duration, timing, man/day input and procedures to ensure the maintenance of all hard works, soft works and irrigation systems during the guarantee period, Planting maintenance should not require more than cultivation, weeding, fertilizing, pruning, insecticide/herbicide treatment, checking) repeicing/ replacement of wires, stakes, ties and support as necessary, and replacement of plants as required. Inigation maintenance should not require more then testing and repair of the system faults and breakages as required, replacement or renewal of fittings, fixtures, pipe work, and ancillary connections as necessary, and clearance of blockages inline and at the emitter outlets as may be applicable. Section 8 - Signage and Graphics B11 8.1.2 Appendix 6, “Signs on Ribbed Floors” sets out the general arrangement legends a typical detail of the traffic signs and markings which shall be used internally and externally for multi-storey car parks, See Appendix 1, Figure Al.1 for typical vehicle and handicap space striping detail. (For fll details see Kuwait Parking Signage Manwal) Gated-parking faci s used by the public shall have a control system which monitors the total number of vehicles in the car park, The control system may be linked to the overhead sign at the entrance visible ftom the street, which shall have a variable message indicating parking status, ie, "FULL", "CLOSED". This requirement must be coordinated with the access control portion of the revenue collection equipment in Section 9.2.3. There shall also be provision for a future interface between the car park control system and the Area Traffic Control System. Page 448.13 8.14 B15 8.1.6 Facilities that offer speed ramps shall have loop detectors for each floor, which operate flluminated space counting signs displaying the number of parking spaces available on cach level. Any such system must be fully described and specified and the, approval of the Municipality Traffic Studies Section obtained. As the car park design for a particular site can be quite different from any other, the system of signing must be designed separately to provide for the specific requirements of the particular building and site. Each proposal will be reviewed as to its adequacy in meeting intemal and extemal signing and surface marking requiremerts for informational, control and safety purposes. Signs shall comply with the details and nomenclature used in Appendix 6, the complementary Kuwait Car Park Sign Schedule. (For full details see Kuwait Parking Signage Manual) Standard 300mm deep overhead signs are to be used for directing traffic and the clear visibility distance to these signs shall be not less than 20m when measured from a point 1.05m above floor level. For ribbed floors the relationship between intemal traffic sign locations, sigit distance, structural rib spacing and clearance height is shown in Appendix 6. Project submittals for design approval shall include a plan of sign and marking locations and a sign schedule detailing the message, overall sign size, letter height, and materials (intemal illuminated box, metal panel or engraved plastic) and mounting details, Each sign shall have a sign number that ties the plan to the message schedule. Section 9 - Support Facilities 94 ILI Staff Accommodations and Public Amenities The following staff accommodations and public amenities shall be provided on the ground floor of publicly operated garages: a. Manager's office and control room not less than 3m x 3m in plan dimensions, plus additional space for alarm and control panels, and storage closet. It shall be equipped with telephone and separate intercom system to toll booths and four No. 13A double socket outlets. This room shall have halfhelght glass walls on two sides, with two doors and shall be located to afford as much view of the public entryway and inside of the garage as possible. The office shall contain a countertop and small area for the public to enter without access to the remaining office. b. Sleeping quarters for one guard, including kitchen equipped with sink and drainer (with hot and cold water supply), with storage cupboard under and alongside, one electric hotplate and two double socket outlet, and toilet with shower, washbasin (vith hot and cold water and W.C). Shall be provided in an alcove area adjacent but accesed from within the main manager office. These facilities should not be visible to patrons inside the office, Page 45912 913 9.14 . Small office room for future security monitoring accessed through the manager’s office with three No. 13A double socket outlets shall be provided, |. A cashier booth or similarly sized addition to the office structure shall be provided for the security guard, This area shall be equipped with a telephone (for emergency calls) and connected to the intercom system. The booth shall be placed to observe the cashier booths, office and main entrances where possible, In large publicly operated gatages, more than one security booth may be required. . Garage storage room with drive-up access to double doors, allowing the sweeping machine to be Kept inside along with baricades, traffic cones/directional signs, large quantities of bulk supplies, and other public ‘operator maintenance supplies and equipment. The storage room shall be a minimum 3m x 6m, preferable located under the sloping deck, in a dead-end area The headroom in the storage room shall be no less than 2m. Support facility rooms such as elevator machine room, electrical switch room, electrical substation, generator rooms, pump room, or other mechanical rooms, and a janitor’s equipment supply closet, shall be sized as required to meet equipment needs but shall be no less than 2m x 2m in plan dimension. These rooms shall have lighting and one No. 13 3-pin double switch socket. The control room shalll have three No. 13A 3-pin double switch sockets, . Ground floor Public men’s toilet directly accessible from outside the car park with 7 No. European type W.C., 1 no. Asian type W.C,, 12 No. urinals, 6 No. wash basins with hot and cold water and with mirrors over, and 2 No. electrical operated hand dryers, See Section 9.1.5 below, 1. Ground floor Public ladies toilet directly accessible from outside the car park with 8 No. European type W.C.'s, 1 No. bidet cubicle, 6 No. wash basins with hot and cold water and with mirrors over, 2 No. electrically operated hand driers, and 1 No. sanitary macerator or incinerator. See Section9.\.5 below. 1 No. type B drinking water cooler Public telephone, located near the principal pedestrian entrance and if possible, within sight of the Manager's office window. See Sections 4.1.12, 4.1.13 and 4.1.14 for heating and air-conditioning requirements of all support facilities. See Section 2.5, Section 4 and 6 for fite protection, ventilation and other requirements of support facilities. Staff accommodation and public toilets shall, if possible, be grouped together into one block to enable common usage of water supply and drainage services. Page 469.15 9.1.6 O17 919 9.1.10 9.2 9.21 922 Each W.C. shall have a perineal spray with flexible hose. 1 No. European Type W.C. in each public toilet shall be designed for disabled persons Water supply to toilets, to kitchen and to Water cooler shall be potable water taken direct from the mains supply, unless there is insufficient pressure available. Storage tanks will not be permitted; an air-water pumping system shall be provided if mains pressure is insufficient for direct supply. Isolating and drain valves and an adequate means of preventing backflow and possible contamination of the public supply’ system, shall be provided in the building. Potable water systems shall be designed in accardance with BSCP310 - Water Supply. The size of the incoming cold water main shall be determined from the consumption expected from the various sanitary fittings as referred to in Section 3.4.5 above and the water pressure available at the point of connection to the MEW System. Water heating shall be by electric water storage heaters; single basins or sinks from free outlet heaters; groups of basins from multi-point heaters. The transformer substation shall include additional transformers to MEW requirements, as instructed in each case. If required for temperature limitation independent air conditioning shall he provided to this sub-station, with alarms in the Manager's office. ‘Manager's office shall contain a C rated locking safe, minimum interior dimensions 45cm x 45em x 66cm, securely fastened to the structure. Parking Revenue Collection System Publicly operated garages shall be designed to allow for current and future revenue collection methods. The types of operational methods to be included are-gated pay upon exit (electronic or cashier), gated pay-on-foot at pay stations and ungated pay beforehand at multi-space (meter) pay stations. Individual electronic metered parking may be considered for surface lots, All of these methods will include (monthly/annual) contract permit or access card parking and shall include certain smart card, token or similar decrementing cards approved by the government parking authority. While any given publicly operated garage will initially function under only one mode of operation, the design shall accommodate future changes All revenue collection proposals should use Intelligent Transportation System language (protocol) when describing the equipment and functions, in order that the elements may be included in future ITS Architecture. Structural components and conduit sleeves must be embedded in beams and slabs, at the time of construction, as required for future modes of operation and shall be included in the parking garage construction plans. These include conduit sleeves sufficient to accommodate multiple pay stations from garage office to central pedestrian lobbies. Anchor bolts to mount future equipment shall not be provided. Page 479.23 9.24 925 9.2.6 927 Pay upon exit to cashier parking systems shall provide automatic (autoread, anti-pass back, variable fee revenue calculation, facility counting, audit counting,and system status scanner) operating features, and include a sufficient number of entrance and exit gates with an assumed capacity of 200carshhour to prevent excess traffic delays The cashiered parking system shall be designed to compile, display and print industry standard audit reports, Revenue control equipment shall include autoread ticket systems, fee computer, cash drawers, standard ports for on-site inspection by municipal auditors and method for communication to the facility's central computer and printers in the manager’s office. Power supplies for computerized equipment shall be connected to constant voltage transformer with filtering and surge protection. A supply of 100,000 tickets and 500 access cards shall be provided. Tickets and access cards shal! be of the programmable type and preloaded with the appropriate public operator's identifications and notices. Raised concrete lane control curbing and equipment islands with card readers, ticket dispensers, fee indicators, barrier gates, full signs and weatherproof, secure, temperature- controlled booths for parking attendants shall be provided. Intercom communication equipment between the garage office, booths, ticket dispersers and card readers shall be provided, Barrier gate, ticket dispenser, card reader and cash register control loops shall be provided in the concrete pavement or slabs. Ticket dispensers and cashier booths that are not located within the parking garage shall be provided with a protective canopy. Custom color selection, by the public operator, for equipment shall be provided. Materials and colors of the canopy shall be chosen to be consistent with the exterior design of the garage, See Section 2.5.4 for security alarm requirements. Pay-on-foot operation shall be considered when project program requirements indicate this type of operation, including structures where insufficient exiting queuing areas or lanes limit the use of cashier pay upon exit Since payment transactions take place before patron’s returns to their cars, the processing time at the exit reader can be twice as fast (400 cars per hour), Banks of two or more pay stations are required at each of the main garage pedestrian re-entry points. Multi-space pay stations (also referred to as “pay by space”), if provided, shal! be sufficient in number and located to facilitate their use. A minimum of one pay station for every 100 parking spaces shall be used for public garages. Space numbers will need to be painted on the parking deck for each space. This type of equipment requires no gated access (Increasing exit capabilities to 800 cars per hour) but does require enforcement officers to issue parking tickets to patrons that do not pay (similar to individwal parking meters). Pay station areas shall be well lit and protected from the weather, yet open to view, for security purposes. In conjunction with the revenue control equipment, gated parking facilities used by the public shall have a control system that monitors the total number of available spaces and operates a variable “FULL” and “CLOSED” sign as required in Section 8.2 and in above Section 9.2.3. Facilities that offer speed ramps shall have electronic detectors for each floor, which operate illuminated space counting signs, displaying the number of parking Page 48spaces available on each level. The central parking management system should also have the capability of broadcasting this “vacancy” information to the system of guidance signs on arterials and limited access highways leading cars to the parking facilities. This data sharing capability should be included in the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Architecture for the parking structure. 9.3 Provisions for Maintenance 9.3.1 A minimum of 2 No. wash down points (see Section 3.4.16) shall be provided at each floor level, not more than 30m apart, each comprising a 38mm water connection; and phase weatherproofed 15A socket outlet. 9.3.2 Washdown facility will also be provided outside as required in Section 3.4.18 and Section 7.1.40. 9.3.3. Adequate provision for wash down facilities shall he included in the floor drainage and the rainwater drainage systems. 9.3.4 Water supplies for garage washdowns and fire fighting: The MEW. must be consulted regarding the adequacy of the water supply available for wash downs and fire fighting purposes. b, Potable water shall be used where available for wash downs to reduce deterioration of concrete. In the absence of potable, brackish (horpotable) water shall be used. 9.3.5 Where brackish water is used for wash downs and fire fighting systems an up-to-date water analysis shall be obtained from the M.E.W. All materials and components shall be selected to avoid corrosion and deterioration Preference is for a "dry" standpipe systems as described in Section 4.1.17 to be installed instead. Altematively, provision may be made to keep each system charged with potable water, to he drained and refilled with potable water following a discharge. ‘END NOTE: As the consultant team visited each ofthe publicly operated garages, then reviewed the current design criteria, the need to update and revise this manusl became apparent. Publicly built garages now operated by the PUMC were completed as follows: one in 1979, nine others from 1982 to 1987, and one later in 1995. Except for the last garage, all others were of precast concrete construction. Many of these structures were offthershelf products, actually designed for 90° parking with two-way traffic. They were then altered with wheel stops or saw-tooth raised curb platforms to accommodate the preference for engled-spaces and one-way drive aisles mandated by the Kuwait Car Park Design Criteria. This resulted in completely inefficient facilities, with confusing drive patterns and access aisles so wide they encourage double parking. The parking bays were not oriented properly. They often ran the shor. width rather than the long lengths. Many of the facilities are constructed as two separate gerages, which add costs and very litle benefit. Many of these precast garages used double “T" beams creating low ceiling heights, reducing visibility of lighting and signs. Page 49APPENDIX - 1. Typical Vehicle and handicap Space Striping LayoutFigure A1.1: Typical Vehicle and Handicap Space Striping Layout 2 3 § oh 28 oa SER ws B ga ga Bo ao g a R SsmLayoutlenth Tge asm to concrete platoon SsmLayoutLength Tage namo concrete pavoim PP pe > bg 33 a3 S38 te i © ax x 20 5 = gS ee O58 ep 22 | BE on & 8 av * ag es “8 3-APPENDIX - 2. Typical Layouts at Entry and Exit Gates | ;LNOAVT ALVD LIXS / AMLNA ONVIST BIVS [ fe: ee jot} A os [ezlez| x SYSLSN NI F1aVL A-xic Capacity. = Aa) ic > a ge ° Le 2 ~CalculatCALCULATION OF DYNAMIC CAPACITY. ‘The following is a brief example of Dynamic Capacity calculations. More details are available in the reference for design guidance given in Section 1.1.7. 4.0 AISLES AND STALLS Cin 55X; + 425X2 + 150X5 - 10.24X,- 849 Cout 66X, + 242X. + 52Xs + 7.7% - 136X; - 690 Cin Capacity in, cars per hour Cout Capacity out, cars per hour X; aisle width (metres) = 6.0 Xz stall width (metres) = 2.8 Xs aisle length (metres) = 6 X —_% cars reversing to park = 0 for 75°, 30% for 90° Xs Ofor one-way aisles. 1 for cul-de-sac aisles. Cin 55(6.0) + 425(2.8) + 150(5.6) ~ 10.24(0) - 849 4514 cars per hour Cout 65(6.0) + 242(2.8) + 52(5.6) +7.7(0) - 136(0) - 690 675 cars per hour 2.0 RAMPS Straight ramps = 1800 cars per hour Cures. = 1750/(1+100/r") where r = mean radius metres. 1750(1+100/512) = 6+4.0/2= 8m = 1464 cars per hourAPPENDIX - 4 — Calculation of Exit Reservoir . SpaceIt may be more practical to provide say (2) reservoir spaces after each gate. To check, we must refer to Figure Ad.1 again and specifically to the line for 2 reservoir spaces. Demand Analysis: AtLocation 1 — , —_flowonthe main road = 300 v.p.h. and bamier capacity is 200 v.g.h. AtLocation 2, flow on the main road = 500 v.p.h. and bamier capacity is 200 v.p.h, AtLocation 3, flow on the main road = 700 v.p.h. and barrier capacity is 190 v.p-h, AtLocation 4 , flow on the main road = $00 v.p.h. and batter capacity is 180 v.ph, Total exit gate capacity with 2 reservoir spaces associated with each gate, 200 + 200+ 190 + 180 770 vip. This exceeds the car park capacity and therefore a 2 reservoir space system would be acceptable.APPENDIX - 5 Parking Policies. -- Relevant to Parking Design Criteria -PARKING POLICIES RELATED TO DESIGN STANDARDS ASSUMPTIONS 1. The Kuwaiti government wants more parking control through comprehensive regulations. 2. The Kuwaiti government will partner with the private sector to get large parking structures built in the right locations. 3. The Kuwaiti government endorses a realistically priced pay-to-park philosophy. 4. The Kuwaiti government wants people to walk, but only in healthy environments, &. The Kuwaiti government can see the future in Intelligent Transportation Systems. Given these relevant assumptions, the Consultant has developed several policy recommendations that relate to parking design. Below are recommendations for dealing with the major opportunities and impediments to parking structure design in Kuwait POLICY #1: REGARDING REQUIRING DEVELOPER ON-SITE PARKING Developers shall be required to provide the exact amount of parking that is calculated based on the approved government standards. The standard measure for determining parking requirements shall be gross floor area (GFA) not net floor area. Gross Floor Area is used because it is relatively easy to calculate and is relatively constant over time. A few specific types of uses, such as: restaurants, theaters, schools, and marinas shall use individual units. Also see guidelines for ‘Standards Variation for Land Uses Sharing Parking Spaces’. Developer parking shall be fully on the private parcel and shall not infringe upon the public right of way. Developer provided spaces that permit public parking shall adhere to the KM garage design specifications; all garages (public and private) shall have the required safety and design features recommended for public garages, per the latest edition of the KM parking design manual Transportation Impact Assessments (TIAs) shall be required for all developments involving 40 or more units (ie. residential, shops, offices and any combination of these) or is applying for ‘complex’ plot floor area ratio benefits, or government land, Besides the prescribed levels of traffic generated by the proposed development and the assessment of the impact it may have on the road network, the developer shall also examine parking provisions (and calculate parking deficits) within 500 meters of any proposed new construction and/or major rehabilitation project. All proposed driveways to and from the parking areas must be authorized by the transportation pianning department; no curb alterations shall be made except those that have been approved. All off-street parking within 500 meters of @ development shall be evaluated as a possible interconnected parking facilities and the cost of such interconnection shall be estimated, for government participation consideration.New Parking Standards for Transit Impact Zones Anew reduced parking standard shall apply to all new developments and mejor rehabilitation projects that are situated within 150 meters of a transit system station. The new parking rate shall be 20% less than the KM standards en-force. The government itself shall not participate in construction of new off-street parking within 150 meters of a major transit station, aside fron those facilities which act as patk-and-ride lots that rely on transit to convey passengers to their final destinations. Ali on-street parking in the Transit Impact Zones shall be metered. Private sector off-street parking shall be regulated to ensure that it is more expensive closer to major transit stations. Building standards and zoning requirements shall be modified to include transit impact zones. All property owners in Transit Impact Zones shall provide a safe pedestrian walkway along or through their property leading to the transit station, including access to the private lift if necessary. Buildings built within 10 meters of a major transit stop shall provide transit passenger amenities as well as public art within their development site. Controls of informal parking on vacant lots Itis assumed that most informal (dirt) lots will be eliminated via construction of new buildings on these vacant sites, however many will still remain as a consequence of land banking, redevelopment strategies and legal disputes. The government position must be that parking, even informal parking, is ¢ resource that must be managed in order to ensure public safely as well as the efficient service levels for the surrounding street network. Therefore, all property owners shall fence their Vacant property to prevent it from becoming an informal parking lot. Should the owner want to allow public parking on the lot then they shall secure a permit from the new parking authority. The permit application will inciude drawings of the site, number of parking spaces, parking fees and driveway ingress and egress, including all conflict points associated with access movements (ie. [eft turns crossing traffic). No driveway shall be closer than 30 meters from any controlled intersection, Al parking fee structures shall comply with the rates set by the new parking authority. Permits shall be renewed every two years unless the developer hard-surfaces and strips the parking bays within the lot; such improved lots are permitted for § years. The new parking authority will monitor the implementation of this policy. POLICY #4: REGARDING OFF-STREET PARKING Better use shall be made of off-street parking by encouraging the shared use of parking and developing parking standards for mixed use developments which reflect the potential for shared parking among uses that have different peaking characteristics. Off-street parking facilities shail be interconnected to one another wherever possible, to reduce cars roaming the road network ‘searching’ for parking Parking garages shall contain technology that informs drivers how many vacant spaces are available and where these spaces are located. Parking space availability information system shall include: variable message signs, radio, cell phone and internet communication. An engineered way-finding-system shell be studied and implemented to direct vehicles entering the City towards available parking stalls legal parkers in off-street lots will be charged for their infraction, Prior to the availability of advanced tracking of the vehicles within the parking facility (ie. ITS) license plates will be manually recorded and upon exit from the lot 2 payment in the amount equal to a ‘lost ticket’ shall be charged. Off-street facies shall be routinely monitored by the new parking authorityPOLICY #5: REGARDING ON-STREET PARKING All on-street parking shall have clear and visible demarcation that lets the public know of the parking regulations, The demarcation shall adhere to standards of the latest KM Parking Manual en-force. All on-street parking spaces shall meet the minimum requirements set out in the latest parking manual. The government shall expand substandard running lane widths to improve access to the parking spaces that are permitted. On-street parking shall be duly regulated through various prohibitions, time limits and fees (using one or more forms of paid parking devices) in all commercial areas. No headin or angle parking shall be permitted on arterials or in selected areas where it would impede traffic flow or atherwise present a motorist or pedestrian safety hazard. Under rare circumstances angled parking is used to “calm traffic", where allowed, angled parking must be duly regulated in order to control traffic speeds and to create safety buffers between pedestrians and motor vehicles. These actions are intended to increase the number of people on the street, and thereby improve public safely. POLICY #7: REGARDING ITS STANDARDS Kuwait shall design a comprehensive ITS Architecture with a specific market packages for parking, which provides for electronic monitoring and management of parking facilities, as well as links to a corresponding Vehicle Subsystem to allow for electronic collection of parking fees. It shall also include the instrumentation, signs, and other infrastructure to provide information on parking lot usage, parking availability, and other parking information. The Kuwait National ITS Architecture which is prepared shall be broad enough to provide for regional parking management strategies and coordination among multiple parking lot operators. The Kuwait National ITS Architecture shall be technology neutral: describing essential data and functions associated with the various subsystems, communication interfaces and data flows among the subsystems, and corresponding data and technical standards for equipment interoperability but shall not the specific equipment. The Kuwaiti Government shall require that both public and private sector ITS deployments conform to the Kuwaiti National ITS Architecture and Standards once they are adopted. The Minister of Communications shall designate a radio transmission frequency (preferably 5.9GHz) to carry dedicated short range data communications for transportation purposes’. POLICY #8: REGARDING CONTROL OF USERS OF PARK-AND-RIDE FAGILITIES Park-and-ride facilities shall be provided at key interchanges outside of the City to reduce the number of vehicles entering the City. The cost of operation and management shall reside with the new parking authority ~ revenue from other parking and on-street parking violation tickets will cross-fund this operation. There will be no fee to the commuters who are using the P&R facilities outside of the First Ring Road. To control against abuse by non-commuters, no unauthorized: truck, bus, trailer or recreational vehicle shall be allowed inside the car park portion of the P&R. It should also be noted that the enterprising private transport service providers will find ways to organize small loads of 1 See Section 5.3.1: DSRC is the technology for the 2010 decade and beyond,PAR passengers into: cars, vans, minibuses and subscription services that operate out of Park- and-Ride, such entrepreneurs shall acquire authorization permits from the new parking authority on an annual basis. Cars parked for more than 24 hours in one stall without special parking permits (ie. TOD residential car storage) will be towed without notification. POLICY #11: REGARDING BUILDING ORIENTATION All buildings should have exits that lead directly to adjacent off-street parking facilities and should not require customers to walk around the building to parking, The number of ground level exit doors should be proportional to the amount of parking that is available; this encourages dispersed parking rather than clustering around the doorway access. Building design should allow for visual permeability, vertical surfaces should allow viewers to see through to the other side e.g,, windows and open fencing. Architectural materials and/or landscape elements that “break up" the scale of buildings and spaces should be used to achieve a pedestrian seate. Garages that serve shopping centers should have well fil and marked pedestrian walkways leading directly into the shopping center, preferably at every floor to encourage more parking at the upper and lower levels. Where possible air conditioned walkways with “travelators" should be built. No building permit shall be issued for a development that does not have a pedestrian- to-parking flow plan, POLICY #13: REGARDING PEDESTRIAN SAFETY DESIGN AND PARKING Developers shall provide building(s) that emphasizes pedestrian access, comfort and visual ‘interest with safe and comfortable separation from vehicle access to the building and site. Specifically regarding the pedestrian leg of any commute the government shail provide and/or insist that developers provide @ better urban pedestrian network to encourage walking and/or make walking longer distances possible. Walk through malls and on tunnels lined with shopping are the most appropriate pedestrian walkways for the climate and lifestyle of Kuwait. These pedestrian corridors shall be planned as an interconnected network rather than one-off opportunites. Where ever possible moving sidewalks (travelaters) should be included. The presence of live plants should be included. ‘Sidewalks in commercial areas shall have a minimum 2.5-meter width free of any obstruction {light poles, parking meters, other street furniture, landscaping or fences). Raised crosswalks provide a continuous street crossing for pedestrians at sidewalk level. They also slow motor vehicle traffic at crosswalks, while eliminating the need for curb ramps. Raised crosswalks should be marked or textured so that persons with visual impairments are able to identify the street edge. Timing of traffic signals shall be adjusted in the following ways to benefit pedestrians: ™ Set the walk phase based on a walking speed of 1 meter/sec at intersections. ™ Set the walk phase as a Leading Timing Interval for visibility of pedestrians and to aliow them to enter an intersection before vehicles with conflicting movements. All ped-walk indicators shall be include a Countdown feature to let pedestrians know the exact amount of time remaining in the walk phaseVehicle access from pedestrian-oriented streets shall be prohibited unless no other reasonable access is available, such as in lots with a single street frontage and no alley. Where improved alleys are present, loading and service areas shall be accessed from the alley. All loading and service drives shall be of a depth that prevents loading and service vehicles from obstructing the sidewalk and roadway. Entrances to loading and service areas shall be screened from view. Lots with more than one street frontage and no alley shall locate vehicular access along the street with the least amount of pedestrian activity unless itis a local street POLICY #14: REGARDING VALET PARKING LICENSING AND CONTROL, Valet parking that uses public roadways for any portion of the driver transfer portion of the service shall be prohibited. All driver transfer must take place outside of the active roadway surface (curb-to-curb). All valet parking operations shall secure a permit from the new parking authority. The applicant will be required to provide an organizational structure of the firm along with the contact numbers of the executing officers. The application shall include a schematic of the route valet driver's use, the number of spaces used and a release from the person/authority that controls the spaces that are used by the valet parkers. POLICY #15: REGARDING SECURITY WITHIN PUBLIC PARKING FACILITIES ‘Any criminal offense committed in a public garage, lot or park-and-ride shall automatically be treated as a more serious class of crime than it might outside of the public parking environment. Maximum severity shall also extend to any citizens who abuse parking enforcement officers. Note: crime prevention is an added feature of the automated parking structure.ORR APPENDIX - 6 Signs.on Ribbed Floors. :(31voS O1 LON) S@IN N33ML38 FONVLSIG GNV LHOISH S3ONVYVSIO N3aMLIa dIHSNOILV 148 i — BOOZ bso" “UN ; WAAR) BAB~ ——— ee else I NOIS OldaveL ; re - (nm) s30mu3S TY ose sve one soe Ofe 4 A 4O WOLLO8 OL YOOTS NOUS AHOISH JONVAV3IO WNINININ SU3L3M NI gy Lx3N ° : : ; i : tg rae ae - on eae ad x ONV NOIS N33ML38 JONVLSIC SYNOO1d Gaagly NO SNOIS$ FINFLOOR bE {| 1 DIRECTION OF TRAFFIC 230 TYPICAL ORIENTATION FOR OVERHEAD SIGNS6U ' ¢ 1 a i ! | : 30 | 30 \ CURB. 1 ravevaisle SO] (bas Post, | a sicn ‘| 8 MOVEMENT ——— DIRECTION CURB A DETAIL 2 SIGN POST INSTALLATIONAPPENDIX - 7 Parking Rates by Land-useRecommended parking standards by land-use for Kuwait ‘Baste Land Use type foros ore) Pesett Offfice (non-medical) 4.00 25 m2 Retail General Retail < 1,000 sq meter 130 25 m2 General Retail > 1,000 sq meter 1.00 m2 Grocery Store or Co-op 1.00 25m Permanent, Open-air Market 1.00 per stall Auto Showroom 1.00 100 m2 Multi-tenant retail center >5 tenants and >1,000 m2 1.00 25 m2. Restaurant Fast food with interior seating 030 10m Fast-food with no seating (drive-thru/delivery only) 030 peak hr employee Dine-in 1.00 10m? Personal Service Establishments Health Care (medical offices, outpatient care, etc.) 1.00 25m, Personal Care (salon, spa, barber shop, ete) 4.00 25 ma Tailor, Dry Cleaner, Shoe Repair 1.00 25 m2 Privet And Public clinic Hospital 4.00 Peer 2 beds Clinies 1.00 25 mt Health Care facilities Tadustria! Uses, Industrial” Manufacturing / Resource Extraction 0.50 25 m2 ‘Track Parking (not loading) 0.30 100 m2 ‘Automated Industrial / Manufacturing Plant 0.10 25 m2 Truck Parking (not loading) 025 100 m2 Warehouse and storage buildings 1.00 100 m2 Other Uses Entertainment/AmusemenvCultural Multi purpose banquet hall, ete 4.00 100 m2. Hote! meeting rooms 3.00 100 m2 ‘Theater/Movie Theater/Auditorium 030 per seat Museum, Art Gallery, Library (Public and private) 1.00 25 m2 Marina 1.00 per boat slip Gymnasiums and health care 1.00 30 m2 of gross area Auditoriums, exhibition hall ,other public assemble 1.00 Peer 4 seats Rooming houses & boarding houses 4.00 Peer 2 guests Other entertainmenviculeural uses 0.50 25 m2 ‘Residential Multi-family (unit size =< 150 m2) 1.00 Multi-family (unit size > 150 m2) 2.00 Single-Family 00 Single-Family Villa 4.00 Bachelor Hous 0.80 Hotel 1.00 per 3 roomsInstitutionaVReligious/Governmental/Publie Local Mosque 100 100 m2 Friday Mosque 140 100 m2 College/University 0.80 Student OfF Campus College/University 030 Student On-Campus Secondary School 130 Classroom Primary and Intermediate School 1.00 Classroom Kindergarten and Nursery 1.00 Teaching Staff Hospital (with inpatient beds) 2.30 Bed Other public facilities (Social & health clubs ete) 0.50 25 m2 Note: the provision of parking spaces for other uses not included in this list shall be determined at the Discretion of the Planning Director.APPENDIX - 8 Paint Color CodesRecommendations for Parking Level Color ~ Goded System: Adoption of a standardized color-coded method for identifying designated parking levels in all garages open to the public. The system would be applied to significant elements around the stairwell and tit lobbies, and on columns in iarger facilities, This includes staircase doors and frames, elevator doorframes, bands around the elevator and stairway areas, and on select columns. The change of level/color shall occur near the center of the ramps, and in those locations, the first few columns on elther side of the break line are not to be Painted. All color-coated surfaces will receive the same three-coat system (primer, intermediate and finish coat) of compatible paints. The following color scheme could potentially be adopted: Level 5 Purple Level 4 Brown Level 3 Red Level 2 Green Level 4 Orange Ground Level Blue Level Bt Dark Grey Level B2 Dark Gold/Yellow Deep colors rich in pigment are best to use, as signs are most visible when white letters are printed on a black background (similarly all overhead parking directions should be white letters on a black background). Color-coding pigments, similar to OSHA Federal Safety Colors, are recommended and can be viewed at the following website. http:/iwww.duron.com/services/oshasafetycolors.aspAPPENDIX - 9 © Parking Orientation : (parallel and head-on)CANFIONT'YV INDIGNSdaad TA TISeVd) ONIMNVd JO 3dAL LNSYSS4IG MOHS ONIMNYVd LSSYLS 340 | HOLSMS LO avod NIVW——— pee | + to AQNSAV ce“44/03 YSAO AVM OVOU QaadS HOIH ONOW G3LISIHONd 3YV ONIMYVd TaTIWeVd« ONDNVd TETIVeWd LEENLS NO Z HOLENS L914 5 —<—_______ B *0vVOY¥ AVM 3NOois aNnoUD 7M aes KOMI | a Q33dS G3LINN HLM GvOY SS309V LV ONDVd T3TIWavE 1334S NO ¢ HOLBMS 191d OCU ad Cw ‘vou NIV ‘vou S8300¥3X2.80M B : Bays" BINS RECOMMENDED SMINIMUM. #1G.2 SUPPORT POSITION RELATED TO PARKING GEOMETRY ‘A= FROM 0.60. TO 1.00M (PREFERRED LONG ) B= 550-(ASC)M C= DEPENDS ON STRUCTURE DESIGN 0 = 0.60 M PEDESTRIAN WALKWAY ACCEPTABLE SUPPORT POSITIONS (Column or Wall) * TYPICAL BAY DIMENSIONS J see appendix 1Parking Lot Layout Dimensions Aisle Direction x Parking Space Layout Standards Dimension | Description [sor | 45° | sor | 75° | sor | Remarks A ‘Space width 280 | 280 | 280 | 2.80 | 2.80 B__| Space length 5.50 | 5.50 5.50 | 5.50 | 5.50 | Lenath of staline 40.35 | 6.30 | 7.12 | 625 | 5.50 D__| t-way iste wiath 3.80 | 3.80 4.50 | 6.00 ‘one way aisle D1 | 2-way isle width = = | = | = [760 J two way aisie E | Offset depth 5.18 | 590 | 6.17 | 605 | 5.50 F | Curb offset 3.00 | 260 | 200 | 1.33 | 0.60 G | Free distance from welt or column face [0.60 | 0.60 | oso | 060 | 0.60 L___| Space width pare! to aisle 560 | 3.96 | 3.23 | 2.90 | 2.80 K__| Setback from perpendiculartoaisle | 8.96 | 6.17 | 356 | 162 | 0 M | Min. distance from Bay curb to Bay curb | 14.16 | 15.40 | 16.54| 1810 | — | one wayaiste - = [- 18.60 | two way aisle No | Minimum curb to curb 15.36 | 16.60 | 17.74 | 19.30 cone way aisle Se 79.80 | two way aisle Note: Alldimensions are in meters Page 9APPENDIX - 10 = Parking Facility Amenitiesmenities for Parking Faci Parking lots and garages can be inhospitable environments, Every effort should be made to make them a5 comfortable as reasonably possible. Therefore the parking lots should provide certain features beyond the functional: equipment, landscaping, lighting, toilets, and walkways already specified in this ‘KM Parking Criteria Manual’ Water Fountains ~ chilled water shall be provided to the public. Delivery of water shall be in disposable cups (e.g. not a tin reusable cup) or through a faucet designed for water sipped from a stream. The water fountain shail be contained with an appropriate housing that prevents customers from coming in contact with any non-essential elements. The faucet shall be constructed of a stainless steel material. Preferred placement is at the base of the steps and/or at the elevators; the fountain can be outside of the parking property if specifically permitted by KM Municipality. There shall be at least one water fountain for every two floors of multi-storey car park and one fountain for every surface car park with more thanl00 spaces. Benches and Shelters — wherever there is reasonable expectation that 2 parking facility will be lused as @ park-and-ride location (i. transfer bus or share-ride gather point), then a covered shelter with bench seating must be provided. The size and design of this ‘waiting area’ will be ‘commensurate with the expected park-and-ride traffic estimates with attention given to the length of time a commuter might have to wait (je. cycle time between buses). Once constructed, the shelter and seating area shall be maintained by the parking facility manager. ‘Teasit Bins ~ there shall be one trash bin located at every pedestrian exit of the parking facility. A convenience bin shall be located at the pay station and at the pay gate, preferable via a chute that suites the vehicle driving position, Areas around all trash bins shall be cleaned regularly and “sweep around and empty trash bins” shall be 4 line item within the parking menagement daily maintenance log. Art & Music ~ there is debate whether playing music is appropriate for parking facilities in Kuwait. Playing music in parking facilities is common in many countries in the world. If appropriate music can be identified by KM Municipality, then music should be added as an amenity provided by the parking management operator. This adds to a sense of security within theparking facility. In lieu of providing music the parking management could substitute works of art and/or decorations. One example is the PUMC idea to make bollards intended to prohibit parking ‘on the footpath look like urns o large vases. However the art should not introduce safety hazards nor create ‘hiding places’ for would be criminals. Information kiosks ~ the parking facility is an excellent place to locate information kiosks. Itis ideal for kiosks related to transportation and directions to nearby destinations. Information kiosks can be paid for by advertising. Each parking manager should create guidelines for information kiosks and these guidelines should be submitted as part during the parking facility approval process. Convenience Businesses — the idea of allowing convenience businesses operate in parking facilities is mentioned in the policy recommendations of his Car Park Study. The ability to have 2 car detailed, drop of laundry, etc, is appealing to some commuters. If having these’ services attracts drivers to off-street parking ~ then it should definitely be encouraged. Each parking manager should create guidelines for convenience businesses that would be allowed to operate within the parking facilities. These guidelines should be submitted as part during the parking facility approval process.Appendix — 11 Buses and Trucks Parking Recommendations1- BUS PARKING 1-1 General Requirements; I-L.1 Bus parking area should be separated from automobiles and vehicles parking for visibility and safety. 1-12. Bus layover/parking area should be separate from passenger loading area. 1.1.3 where ever possible, liner (patailel to curb) bus bays are preferred to improve the safety of passenger. 1-14 Typically bus bay boarding wide in the roadway, minimum width is 2.75m. 41-2 Parallel Parking; (min. travel lanes wide 3.35m.) 1-21 One way traffic 1-2.1.1 Bays on one side (see Fig.1.1). 1-2.1.2 Bays on both side (see Fig. 1.2). two way traffic -1 Bays on one side (See Fig.1.3) 2. Bays on both side (see Fig. 1.4) 1-3 Inclined Parking; Alternate bus bay layouts for layover/parking area Saw Tooth berth design or through parking bay's (see Fig.2.1). Typically bus bay boarding width 2.75m, Length of space for standard bus (18.50-20)m. Length of space for an articulated bus (25-26.50)m. be, L- te I 1 Recessed area from curb line (2.25-3.10)m. BOSE Parking berth design (Parallel to Curb) (see Fig.2.2 and 2.3) 1 Typically bus bay boarding width 2.75m, 2 Length of space for standard bus (25)m. 3 23.2 1. 1 1.3 Length of space for an articulated bus (30.50)m. 1-3, 153. 13. 23.2- TRUCK PARKING 2-1 General Requirements; 2-11 Automobiles and vehicle parking area should be separated from truck parking area for visibility and safety. 2-12 Maneuvering area for loading facilities shall not conflict with park spaces. 2-13 Public right-of-way shal! nat be used for maneuvering. 2-14 Maneuvering area in the parking shall not conflict with truck parking Spaces. 2-1.5 Loading freight docks positions and circulation patterns should be designed to allow better deiver visibilit 2-16 Apron space should be adequate to allow the truck to back and pull+ ‘out in one maneuver. 2.2 Truck parking Specification; Truck parking specification are depends upon the type of truck, Which they are mainly laying in between these three types Single unit truck (T1) Intermediate semi-trailer (T2) Large trailer (13) 2-3. 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