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Pneumatic Lab Report
Pneumatic Lab Report
Pneumatic Lab Report
Pneumatic system is a system that uses compressed air to transmit and control energy. Some
applications of the system in real world is in controlling train doors, automatic production
lines and mechanical clamps. Pneumatic system is widely used due to its high durability and
reliability, simplicity, safety and high adaptability to harsh environment. Through the
experiments conducted,a pneumatic system is set up and operated, operation of a 3-way, 2-
position directional control valve is verified and one-cycle reciprocation system is tested.
OBJECTIVES
1. Set up and operate a pneumatic system using the Conditioning Unit, a directional
control valve and a cylinder.
2. To verify the operation of a 3-way, 2-position directional control valve.
3. Set up and operate a one-cycle reciprocation system.
THEORY
Definition
Electro-pneumatic term is defined from words of electro, which mean electrical and
pneumatic, which mean air pressure. The electro-pneumatic system is an integration of
electrical and mechanical components with compressed air source.
Components
Electro-pneumatic controllers have a pneumatic power section. In an electro-pneumatic
control, the signal control section is made up of electrical components, for example, the
proximity switches, and the relays. The directional control valve behaves as an intermediary
between the electrical signal control section and the pneumatic power section in the
controller.
Switch
There are three (3) types of electrical switches used in the design of electro-pneumatic circuit.
They are:
i) Normally-opened (NO) contact switch.
ii) Normally-closed (NC) contact switch.
iii) Changeover contact switch.
Relay
Relay is an electrical device that contains a coil and one or more contact switches.
Solenoid Valve
Solenoid valve is an electro-mechanical device that built-in with a coil (solenoid) and a
pneumatic/hydraulic directional control valve (DCV).
Proximity Sensor
Proximity sensors are commonly used to monitor a process condition in a machine. For
instance, sensor is used to ensure the raw part was placed on a fixture, height of raw material
within control, etc. There are three types of proximity sensors:
1. Inductive sensor – able to detect metal, especially mild steel.
2. Capacitive sensor – able to detect most parts except low-density product.
3. Optical sensor – able to detect bright surface reflectively except black / rough surface.
PROCEDURE
2. On the Conditioning Unit, the main shutoff valve and the branch shutoff valve at the
manifold are opened. A tip is screwed to the rod of the cylinder.
3. The regulator adjusting knob is pulled up to unlock the regulator and it is turned
clockwise to set the pressure at 200 kPa on the regulated Pressure Gauge.
4. The motion of the cylinder is observed and recorded.
1. At initial condition the rod of the cylinder didn’t extend when the circuit is completed.
2. The rod of cylinder is extended when the button of directional control valve is pushed.
3. The rod of cylinder is extended when the button of directional control valve is pushed
for 5 seconds and released.
4. The cylinder is back to its initial position when the button is released for both cases.
1. Flow Meter reading before button of DCV is pushed : 150 litre per meter
2. Flow Meter reading after button of DCV is pushed : 15litre per meter
A single acting cylinder has only one entrance port that allows compressed air to flow
through. Thus, thrust produce only in one direction. The rod of the cylinder do not extend
when we on the system. The button on the directional valve is pressed and the rod cylinder
extend. The pressurized fluid inside the cylinder will exert force and make the rod extend.
The rod cylinder returns to original position when the button is released. This is because the
compressed air is released inside the rod and spring force exerts on rod will make it to retract
to initial position. The motion of the rod cylinder shows that it convert fluid energy into
linear mechanical motion.
For the electrical part we construct the circuit according to the ladder diagram given in
laboratory manual. The function of this circuit is to control the Double Acting Cylinder
position whether fully extend or not. Through this circuit the Magnetic Proximity Switch able
to detect whether the Double Acting Cylinder is fully extend or not. If the Double Acting
Cylinder was fully extend, the Magnetic Proximity Switch on the Double Acting Cylinder
will send the signal through the relay and power up the solenoid to change the direction of the
flow. In the solenoid, there is magnet where it will move against the spring when the current
is flow inside it. This action will move the valve at the solenoid and change the direction of
the air flow to let air go inside the cylinder and retract the position of the piston rod. This can
be identified when light indicator light up when the solenoid is power up.
The pilot lamp L1 and pilot lamp of SOL-A is turn off when we pull the cylinder rod until it
fully extended because the Magnetic Proximity Switch did not detect the piston position
inside the cylinder, underneath Magnetic Proximity Switch.
CONCLUSIONS
As for conclusion, we can set up and operate pneumatic and electro pneumatic system using
the equipment provided. The operation of the pneumatic circuit and electro pneumatic circuit
can be explained briefly from the aspect of theory and logically. The identification of the
pneumatic II system components also can be done. For recommendation, the replacement of
the components and equipment that are not really accurate in giving output should be
necessary. The objective is achieved.
APPENDICES