Medically Important Gram +

location
Virulence
Genus--species Shape Metabolism Diagnosis Symptoms Therapy
factors
transmission
cocci
facultative
 Staphylococci         beta lactams
anaerobes
clusters
TTSS 
alpha penicillins or
SSSS protein A
hemolytic cephalosporins.
--S. aureus     teichoic acids   
vancomycin if
food Exf toxin
coagulase + methicillin r
poisoning
gamma
hemolytic
--S. epidermidis            
coagulase -
cocci
facultative
Streptoccoci catalase -        
anaerobes
pairs or chains
pharyngitis
--S pyogenes short to long beta scarlet
  outer capsule   Penicillin
(Group A) chains hemolytic fever toxic
shock
--S agalactiae larger than require beta newborn outer capsule    
(Group B) Group A complement hemolytic meningitis
(smaller pneumonia

1
 than Group
A)
lancet shapped alpha pneumonia in
throat
--S pneumoniae pairs or short   hemolytic elderly &   Vaccine
nasopharynx
chains catalase - children
dental
--viridan S.     alpha      
caries
acid fast
Mycobacteria Bacilli (rods) slow growing        
pigmented
airborn
--M. skin test streptomycin
aerobic      
tuberculosis (PPPD) riphampin
alveolar  MQ
skin test
--M. Leprae         Tropics Dapsone
(lepromin)
opportunisti
--M. Avium           c (AIDS  
patients)
photo
pulmonary
--M. Kansasi     inducible      
like TB
pigment
fresh or salt
--M. Marinum           Antibiotics
water
faster wounds,
--M. Fortuitum          
growing catheters
Bacillus Bacilli (rods)       spores    

2
 capsules
(some)
Cutaneous A
catalase +
EF, PA, LF
--B. Anthracis     inhalation A    
toxins
hemalysis -
Gastrointest
normal flora
Clostridium Bacilli (rods)       spores  
Gi Tract
--C. Perfringes       gasgangre   normal flora  
cessation of
--C. Difficile         A & B toxins  
antibiotic treat
spores
home
--C. Botulinum          
canning
AB Toxins
--C. Tetani         spores Wounds  

3
Medically Important Gram -

location
Metabolis Virulence
Genus--species Shape Diagnosis Symptoms Therapy
m factors
transmission
oxidase +
Neisseria cocci; pairs
catalase +
capsule
PID 2nd most common
--N. gonnorheae cocci; pairs
(women) STD
pili (pillins)
encapsulatio
n
oxidase +
aerobic or hemolysis vacines to all
--N. Meningitides cocci; pairs Nasopharygyl
facultative serogroups except B
catalase +
toxins

pili
Haemophilus bacilli mucus membranes
--H. Influenza aerobic or capsule
facultative (PRP)

4
 pili
(adhesins)

IgA
proteases

LPS
Psudomonas
capsule cystic fibrosis
lactose -
aerobic (alginate, opportunistic
P. aeruginosa rods
fastidious some) wounds catheters
osidase +
exotoxin A swimmers ear
aerobic
Bordatella coccobaccili
slow
growing
PT

Pertactin
B. Pertussis fasitdious whooping cough erythromycin
filamentous
hemagglutin

LPS
Rickettsiae baccili aerobic tetracycline
rickettsiae triad inside cytoplasm tetracycline

5
 rocky Mt fever
Rickettsii
ticks
inside vacuoles

Q fever
Cociella burnetti
endocarditis

inhalation
Erliichia
erlichiosis teracycline
cahfefeenisis
No
peptidoglyca require Elem Bodies
Chlamydia n ATP from
host Ret Bodies
pleomorphic
PID (women)

C. Trachomatic LGV (males)

most common STD

Legionella pleomorphic silver adhesins Pontiac Fever
stains (MOMP,
MIP) Legionnaires D
BCYE agar

6
 serology
Intracellular
(256 titer)
Tuleremia (rabbit,
tick deer fever)
Francisella cocco
aerobe
tularensis bacillus
facultative
intracellular
Brucella
intracellular (MQ)
cocco
B. abortus aerobic tetracycline
bacillus
undulant fevor
intracellular
Bartonella rods antibiotics
(rickettsia like)
B. henselae and
immunocompromise
baccilary
d
angiomatosis
no LPS not visible
Spirochettes w/ gram
thin stain
Treponema darkfield
Syphillus penecillin
Pollidum microscopy
larger than
Borrelia
other lyme disease
Burgdorferi
spirochettes
Leptospira aerobic contaminated penecillin/tetracyclin

7
interrogans water e
somatic O
LPS normal flura
Enterobacteriacea facultative
oxidase -
e anaerobic capsular K opportunistic and
pathogenic
flagellar H
EHEC
(Shiga-
like) adhesins in bowel with other
coliforms
ETEC siderophore
facultative
E. coli rods Lactose + (diarrhea) s endogenous
anaerobe
infections
heat label alpha
Toxin hemolysins GI fluid loss
(similar to
cholera)
Klebsiella
capsules immunosuppressed
pneumoniae
contaminated food
Salmonella enterica lactose -
need large dose
invade MQ
typhoid
Salmonella typhi
fev
small dose needed
Shigella S. fecal-oral route

8
 dysenteria homosexuals
e (bloody
diarrhea infects M cells
like EHEC) using actin
machinery
bubonic
plague (Y.
high dose required
pestis)
Yersinia food, drink or
fomites
pneumonic
plague