1.

  Draw the out

1.  Draw the output waveform for the input sine wave, when the diode's direction in the half wave rectifier
Solution:

 2.  For a transistor connected in common emitter mode, the voltage drop across the collector is 2V and 
Rc is 2K.
Solution:
Voltage across the collector VCE = 2V
The current gain  = 50
The collector resistance RC = 2K

The collector current IC = 

                                 =   = 103 

... The base current IB = 

                                = 
                                = 20 A.

 3.  In a transistor connected in common emitter mode, RC = 4K, Ri = 1K, IC = 1 mA, and IB = 20 A. Find t
Solution:
The collector resistance RC = 4K
The input resistance Ri = 1K
The collector current IC = 1 mA
The base current IB = 20 A
... The voltage gain Av = V0/VI         ------(1)
We know that V0 can be written as a product of the collector current and collector resistance 
... V0 = ICRC
        = 1 x 4 x 10-3
        = 0.004 V                              ------(2)

Similarly Vi is the product of the input current and input resistance.
... Vi = IB Ri
       = 20 x 10-3 x 1 x 10-3
       = 20 x 10-6 V                         -------(3)
 Substituting Eq. (2) and (3) in (1), we get
Av = 0.004/20x10-6
    = 200
Therefore the voltage gain Av is 200.

 4.  Draw the circuit to a forward biased diode. (The supply is 3V, 100mA battery). If the diode is made of
0.7V, and current of 20mA passes through the diode, find the wattage of the resistor and the diode.
Solution:

The wattage of the resistor is V x I0 = 0.7 x 20  = 14 mA.

 5.  A junction diode of negligible forward resistance is used as a half-wave rectifier. A sinusoidal voltage supply having peak voltage value 50 V is fed to the
load resistance RL. Calculate 
(a) the r.m.s. voltage across RL.
(b) reading of a d.c. voltmeter connected across RL.
Solution:
E0 = 50 V

 Erms = 

(a) A half-wave rectifier gives output corresponding to alternate half cycles of the a.c. input. Since junction diode is of negligible forward resistance, the r.m

conduction is  V. Therefore, r.m.s. value of voltage for a complete cycle is 

Vrms = 
       = 25 V

(b) The d.c. voltmeter connected across RL would read the average value of voltage across RL during a complete cycle. Therefore reading of d.c. voltmeter con

Vdc = 
     = 15.92 V.

 6.  The gain of a common emitter amplifier is given by A v = -gm RL

Does it mean that if we keep on increasing indefinitely R L, the gain of the amplifier will also increase indefinitely? Explain your answer.
Solution:
No, the gain of the amplifier wil not increase indefinitely. 
We know that  Vce = Vcc _ Ic RL
Therefore, as RL is increased, Vcc decreases and when Vce becomes less than Vbe, both the junctions get forward biased and the saturation starts.

 7.  Write the output waveform for the gates shown in figures (a), (b) and (c).
                  
Solution:

(a)

(b)

(c)

 8.  Perform binary addition on the following sets of numbers.

(a) 110010 and 110010
(b) 101010 and 010101
(c) 111111 and 000001.
Solution:
(a) 110010
     110010
    ----------
    1100100
    ----------

(b)  101010
      010101
     ---------
     111111
     ---------

(c)  111111
      000001
      ---------
     1000000
      ---------

 9.  Complement (1's) the following binary numbers.

(a) 110010 
(b) 111101 
(c) 101010
(d) 111111.
Solution:
(a) Complement of 110010 is 001101
(b) Complement of 111101 is 000010
(c) Complement of 101010 is 010101
(d) Complement of 111111 is 000000.

 10.  Find the 2's complement of the following numbers.

(a) 111111 
(b) 101010
(c) 000000 
(d) 001001.
Solution:
(a) The 2's complement of 111111 is 0000001
(b) The 2's complement of 101010 is 010110
(c) The 2's complement of 000000 is 1000000
(d) The 2's complement of 001001 is 110111.
put waveform for the input sine wave, when the diode's direction in the half wave rectifier is reversed.
Solution:
  2.  For a transistor connected in common emitter mode, the voltage drop across the collector is 2V and  i
2K.
Solution:
Voltage across the collector VCE = 2V
The current gain  = 50
The collector resistance RC = 2K

The collector current IC = 

                                 =   = 103 

... The base current IB = 

                                = 
                                = 20 A.

 3.  In a transistor connected in common emitter mode, RC = 4K, Ri = 1K, IC = 1 mA, and IB = 20 A. Find th
Solution:
The collector resistance RC = 4K
The input resistance Ri = 1K
The collector current IC = 1 mA
The base current IB = 20 A
... The voltage gain Av = V0/VI         ------(1)
We know that V0 can be written as a product of the collector current and collector resistance 
... V0 = ICRC
        = 1 x 4 x 10-3
        = 0.004 V                              ------(2)

Similarly Vi is the product of the input current and input resistance.
... Vi = IB Ri
       = 20 x 10-3 x 1 x 10-3
       = 20 x 10-6 V                         -------(3)

Substituting Eq. (2) and (3) in (1), we get

Av = 0.004/20x10-6
    = 200
Therefore the voltage gain Av is 200.
  4.  Draw the circuit to a forward biased diode. (The supply is 3V, 100mA battery). If the diode is made of
0.7V, and current of 20mA passes through the diode, find the wattage of the resistor and the diode.
Solution:

The wattage of the resistor is V x I0 = 0.7 x 20  = 14 mA.

 5.  A junction diode of negligible forward resistance is used as a half-wave rectifier. A sinusoidal voltage s
50 V is fed to the junction diode and output is obtained across the load resistance R L. Calculate 
(a) the r.m.s. voltage across RL.
(b) reading of a d.c. voltmeter connected across RL.
Solution:
E0 = 50 V

 Erms = 

(a) A half-wave rectifier gives output corresponding to alternate half cycles of the a.c. input. Since junctio

resistance, the r.m.s. value of voltage across RL, during half cycle of conduction is  V. Therefore, r.m.s.
cycle is 

Vrms = 
       = 25 V

(b) The d.c. voltmeter connected across RL would read the average value of voltage across RL during a com
d.c. voltmeter connected across RL,

Vdc = 
     = 15.92 V.

 6.  The gain of a common emitter amplifier is given by A v = -gm RL

Does it mean that if we keep on increasing indefinitely R L, the gain of the amplifier will also increase indefi
Solution:
No, the gain of the amplifier wil not increase indefinitely. 
We know that  Vce = Vcc _ Ic RL
Therefore, as RL is increased, Vcc decreases and when Vce becomes less than Vbe, both the junctions get for
starts.

 7.  Write the output waveform for the gates shown in figures (a), (b) and (c).
                  
Solution:

(a)

(b)

(c)
  8.  Perform binary addition on the following sets of numbers.
(a) 110010 and 110010
(b) 101010 and 010101
(c) 111111 and 000001.
Solution:
(a) 110010
     110010
    ----------
    1100100
    ----------

(b)  101010
      010101
     ---------
     111111
     ---------

(c)  111111
      000001
      ---------
     1000000
      ---------

 9.  Complement (1's) the following binary numbers.

(a) 110010 
(b) 111101 
(c) 101010
(d) 111111.
Solution:
(a) Complement of 110010 is 001101
(b) Complement of 111101 is 000010
(c) Complement of 101010 is 010101
(d) Complement of 111111 is 000000.

 10.  Find the 2's complement of the following numbers.

(a) 111111 
(b) 101010
(c) 000000 
(d) 001001.
Solution:
(a) The 2's complement of 111111 is 0000001
(b) The 2's complement of 101010 is 010110
(c) The 2's complement of 000000 is 1000000
(d) The 2's complement of 001001 is 110111.