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Amtransmitter 160823133113 PDF
Amtransmitter 160823133113 PDF
TRANSMITTER
WHAT IS MODULATION?
• Modulation is process of varying one or more properties like frequency , amplitude,
phase of periodic waves.
• AM and FM are two very popular and very different methods of sending information
over the airwaves.
Amplitude Frequncy
modulation modulation
It is modulation of It is modulation
amplitude of the wave. frequency of the wave.
This type of This type of
transmission is simple transmission is
and easily disturbed. complex.
AM radio ranges from FM radio ranges in a
higher spectrum from
535 to 1705 kilohertz 88 to 108 megahertz.
(OR) Up to (OR) 1200 to
1200 Bits per second. 2400 bitsper second.
Can send only one Can send two
channel at a time. channels at a time.
Amplitude modulation
Amplitude modulation is a technique used in electronic
communication, most commonly for transmitting information
via a radio carrier wave.
AM works by varying the strength of the transmitted signal in
relation to the information being sent.
In AM, a radio wave known as the "carrier" or "carrier wave"
is modulated in amplitude by the signal that is to be
transmitted.
It is used in both analog and digital communication
and telemetry.
Range of modulator is small as compared to FM.
How does the signal
transmitted?
• This circuit designed to transmit the input signal with the
help of a carrier wave.
• The input signal is too weak to travel long distance , so
we assist a carrier wave to the wave.
• Now here we create carrier wave
by the help of RC oscillator in 555
timer chip.
• The electrical signals are change
to electromagnetic wave with the
help of antenna.
Principles of AM
5
Transmitters
• Transmitter concept is in the block diagram below:-
1 2 4
Mic
1 - Audio Stage
3 2 - Modulator eg AM, FM, SSB
3 - RF Frequency Generator
4 - RF Power Amplifier
Transmitter
Antenna
Signal
Modulator
Power Amplifier
Driver Stages
Oscillator Power Stage
Receiver
Antenna Oscillator
Filter Filter
Mixer
Low Noise Amplifier
Signal Antenna
Modulator
Power Amplifier
Oscillator
Filter Filter
Mixer
Low Noise Amplifier
The AM Radio “System”
AM is a nonlinear process
Sum and difference frequencies are created that carry the information
Transmitter Receiver
Basic analog communications system
Baseband signal
EM waves (modulated
(electrical signal) Transmitter signal)
Input Transmission
transducer Modulator
Channel
EM waves (modulated
Carrier signal)
Baseband signal
(electrical signal) Receiver
Output
Demodulator
transducer
Amplitude Modulation
Carrier wave
Baseband signal
Modulated wave
Amplitude varying-
frequency constant
SIMPLE AM TRANSMITTER
CIRCUIT
ABOUT THE CIRCUIT
Examples include:
Signal Power
Modulato
Sourc r Amplifier
e
Antenna
RF SECTION
Output Signal
Antenna
The antenna converts a current or a voltage signal
to an electromagnetic signal which is radiated
throughout space.
In the frequency domain, the antenna output is
Desired Signal
Undesired
Signals
0 Carrier frequency
Frequency
of desired station
AM Transmitters
1 : Low-level Transmitters
Block diagram for a low-level AM DSBFC transmitter :
Preamplifier
Linear voltage amplifier with high input impedance.
To raise source signal amplitude to a usable level with minimum nonlinear
distortion and as little thermal noise as possible.
Modulating signal driver
Amplifies the information signal to an adequate level to sufficiently drive the
modulator.
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Low-level Transmitters
Block diagram for a low-level AM DSBFC transmitter :
RF Carrier oscillator
To generate the carrier signal.
Usually a crystal-controlled oscillator is used.
Buffer amplifier
Low gain, high input impedance linear amplifier.
To isolate the oscillator from the high power amplifiers.
Modulator : can use either emitter collector modulation
Intermediate and final power amplifiers (pull-push modulators)
Required with low-level transmitters to maintain symmetry in the AM envelope
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Low-level Transmitters
Coupling network
Matches output impedance of the final amplifier to the transmission line/antenn
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High-level Transmitters
Block diagram for a high-level AM DSBFC transmitter
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High-level Transmitters
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