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French V
French V
Colloquial Expressions
Notice that il faut and il reste can both take an object pronoun to indicate a person.
Ça vous dit ? / Ça vous dirait de... ? (Would you like to? / How would you feel
about...? / Does that interest you? / Does that ring a bell?)
Ça vous dirait de regarder un film ce soir ? Are you interested in watching a movie
tonight? / Would you like to watch a movie tonight?
Non, ça me dit rien. No, that doesn't interest me. / No, I don't want to.
Ça te dit quelque chose ? Does that ring a bell? / Does that remind you of anything?
Non, ça me dit rien. No, that doesn't ring a bell. / That doesn't remind me of anything.
Ça ne me dit pas grande chose. That does nothing for me.
On dirait... [ça ressemble à] (It seems / it looks like / it tastes like / it smells like / it
feels like / it sounds like)
On dirait un chat. It looks like a cat.
The word soit has several meanings. It is also the third person singular form of être in the
present subjunctive. Je veux qu'il soit là. I want him to be here. It can also be used to
mean i.e. or that is when introducing a clause. Le contenu du CD est bilingue, soit
français et anglais. The contents of the CD are bilingual, i.e. French and English.
► As a pronoun, tout can be used alone; it then means everything and is invariable.
Tout va bien. Everything's fine.
Je ne peux pas tout faire. I can't do everything.
► It can also reinforce the subject. (The s of tous is pronounced when tous is a pronoun.)
► Tout can also be used with direct object pronouns. The forms of tout follow the verb
in a simple tense and go between the auxiliary and past participle in a compound tense.
Je les ai toutes. I have them all.
Je ne les ai pas tous eu. I didn't have them all.
A doudou refers to anything that babies like to hold to feel safe, such as a security
blanket or a favorite stuffed animal.
85. Primary & Secondary School
Students of all ages use a trousse in France. They're not just for elementary students!
As in English, the passive voice in French is composed of a tense of the verb to be and a
past participle. However, only a direct object in French can become the subject of the
passive form. The active form, le chat mange la souris is made passive thus: La souris
est mangée par le chat. The cat eats the mouse becomes the mouse is eaten by the cat.
The subject in the active sentence (le chat) becomes the object of the passive. The direct
object of the active sentence (la souris) becomes the subject of the passive sentence
preceded by "par." The verb of the active sentence is changed into a past participle
(mange becomes mangée, notice the agreement!) preceded by a form of être.
► If a verb takes an indirect object, it cannot be transformed into the passive voice in
French. In this case, on is used in the active construction, as long as the agent is not
specified and the action is performed by a human being (i.e. no natural forces, such as
weather).
On a donné un cadeau à ma mère. My mother was given a present. [Someone gave a
present to my mother.]
On lui a dit de retrouver le conservateur au musée. He was told to meet the curator at the
museum. [Someone told him to meet the curator at the museum.]
► You can also use a pronominal verb to translate the passive, as long as the agent is not
specified. However, this does not work for all verbs.
1. To express an action that has been going on, depuis (or il y a ... que) is used with the
present tense.
2. But to express an action that had been going on for some time when something else
happened, depuis is used with the imperfect.
Nous conduisions depuis deux heures, We had been driving for two hours
quand j'ai proposé de prendre le volant. when I volunteered to drive.
3. To express an action that you have not done for some time, use depuis with the passé
composé.
Je n'ai pas conduit depuis mon mariage. I haven't driven since I've been married.
4. To express an action that was done for a period of time, pendant is used, usually with
the passé composé. But for an action that was completed some time ago, use il y a, also
with the passé composé.
J'ai loué une voiture pendant deux semaines. I rented a car for two weeks.
J'ai appris à conduire il y a deux ans. I learned to drive two years ago.
89. To Receive
Recevoir-to receive
reçois recevons
reçois recevez
reçoit reçoivent
► Venir de + infinitive means "to have just" + past participle in English. Je viens de
manger. I just ate.
And some verbs require no prepositions in French, while others use different prepositions
from English:
92. To Follow
Suivre-to follow
suis suivons
suis suivez
suit suivent
The past participle of suivre is suivi. Suivre can also be used with school subjects to
mean "to take a course."
Faire + an infinitive is called the faire causative. It translates to "have something done by
someone or cause something to be done by someone," or "to cause someone to do
something."
► When replacing the object with a pronoun, the pronoun precedes faire. And in past
tenses, the past participle remains invariable.
Direct discourse relates exactly what someone has said or written, using quotation marks
and the original wording. Indirect discourse relates indirectly, without quotation marks,
what someone has said or written. It works the same way in French as it does in English.
Note that if the main verb is in the present tense, no tense changes occur when using
indirect discourse. However, if the main verb is in a past tense, the following tense
changes occur:
Present → Imperfect
Passé Composé → Pluperfect
The Imperfect and Pluperfect do not change. Remember to use que to introduce each
dependent clause, and adjust personal pronouns and possessive adjectives.
96. Ne Expletif
Sometimes ne must be inserted in a phrase even when it is not expressing the negative.
(However, do not confuse the use of ne explétif with the verbs that can exist in the
negative with only using ne and not pas in formal, written language: cesser, daigner,
oser, pouvoir, savoir).
It is used 1) after certain conunctions: avant que, à moins que; 2) after expressions and
verbs of fear: de crainte que, de peur que, craindre que, avoir peur que, redouter
que, trembler que, empêcher que, éviter que; 3) before a verb that follows a
comparison of inequality: plus, moins, autre; and 4) after adverbs of doubt and negation
used in the negative to express a positive idea.
Je sors ce soir à moins qu'il ne pleuve. I'll go out this evening unless it rains.
Il craint que tu ne sois fatigué après le voyage. He's afraid that you'll be tired after the
trip.
Nous sommes plus forts qu'elle ne pense. We are stronger than she thinks.
Je ne doute pas que vous ne fassiez des progrès. I don't doubt that you are making
progress.
Si j'étais (imperfect) dans une autre famille, est-ce que je serais (conditional) plus
heureuse ? If I were in another family, would I be happier?
Quand nous étions (imperfect) en vacances, nous dormions (imperfect) jusqu'à midi.
When we were on vacation, we would (used to) sleep until noon.
Un otage étranger serait mort en route pour l'hôpital. A foreign hostage (probably)
died on the way to the hospital.
To form the conditional, use the infinitive and add the imperfect endings (but remember
to drop the -e on -re verbs). You use the same irregular stems and exceptions for the
conditional that are used for the future tense.
-ais -ions
-ais -iez
-ait -aient
The past conditional is formed by using the conditional of avoir or être and a past
participle. It corresponds to "would have" and is used in hypothetical sentences.
► If... sentences: When si (if) is used in sentences of condition, the verb tenses change.
These pretty much correspond to English usage.
In general, you use the conditional tense of a verb to express would + infinitive, such as
je dirais - I would say. Again, make sure to use the imperfect of the verb if you're
referring to repeated actions in the past (i.e. used to). You can also use the conditional of
pouvoir to mean could, as long as the meaning is something that is yet to happen. Il
pourrait m'aider. He could help me. Otherwise, you use the imperfect or passé composé
to mean could if you're referring to the past of can (i.e. was/were not able to). Elle ne
pouvait pas s'arrêter de rire. She couldn't stop laughing. Should is usually translated by
using the conditional of devoir. Tu ne devrais pas dire ça. You shouldn't say that. For
would have, could have and should have, you use the past conditional of the verb, past
conditional of pouvoir + infinitive, and past conditional of devoir + infinitive,
respectively. Just remember that would and would have are not followed by infinitives in
French.
"You shouldn't have" or "that wasn't necessary" when someone gives you a gift is il ne
fallait pas.
The most common types of cars in France are Peugeot, Clio, Renault, and Fiat, and the
majority are manual drive. Automatic cars in Europe are generally reserved for
handicapped people. The driving age in France is 18, and young drivers who have just
gotten their licenses have a red A sticker on their car.
99. To Drive
Conduire-to drive
conduis conduisons
conduis conduisez
conduit conduisent
The past participle of conduire is conduit. Other verbs conjugated like conduire are:
traduire - to translate, produire - to produce, and construire - to construct.
100. Travelling & At the Airport
suitcase la valise
clothes les vêtements
passport le passeport
diary le journal
traveler's checks les chèques de voyage
dictionary le dictionnaire
flight le vol
baggage les bagages
Euro l'euro
bill le billet
coin la pièce
change la monnaie
cent le centime
arrival l'arrivée
departure le départ
Where is/are... Où est / Où sont...
currency exchange le bureau de change
passport check le contrôle des passeports
customs la douane
entrance l'entrée
lost and found les objets trouvés
information les renseignements
exit la sortie
taxi stand les taxis
restroom les toilettes
When asking Where is/are..., Où est is the singular form and Où sont is the plural form,
even if it's singular in English. Where is the entrance? would be Où est l'entrée ? and
Where is the lost and found? would be Où sont les objets trouvés ?
Directional Words
right there juste là zhoost lah across from en face de awn fawz duh
here ici ee-see between entre awn-truh
over there là-bas lah bah next to à côté de ah koh-tay duh
to the right of à droite de ah dwaht duh near près de preh duh
to the left of à gauche de ah gohsh duh far (from) loin de lwahn duh
straight ahead tout droit too dwah at the end of au fond de oh fohn duh
in front of devant duh-vawn at the top of en haut de awn oh duh
behind derrière dare-ee-air