NoteBook Gr11

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ‫المملكة العربية السعودية‬
Ministry of Education ‫وزارة التعليم‬

General Directorate of Education in Riyadh
‫اإلدارة العامة للتعليم بمنطقة الرياض‬
National Educational Office
‫مكتب التعليم األهلي‬
Dar-Assalam National Schools- American Diploma
Accredited by : AdvancED
‫البرنامج الدولي‬-‫مدارس دار السالم األهلية‬
‫ أدفانسد‬:‫جهة االعتماد‬
Pre-Calculus
Notebook
Grade: 11
Student’s Name: _______________________________

Student’s Class: _______________________________
School Year: ………………………………………..……….
1
Ch1 L1: Functions

Write each set of numbers in set–builder and interval notation, if possible.
1. {–3, –2, –1, 0, 1, …} 2. – 6.5 < x ≤ 3
3. all multiples of 2 4. x < 0 or x > 8
Determine whether each relation represents y as a function of x.
5. The input value x is a car’s license plate number, and the output value y is the car’s make and model.
6. 7.
8. –x + y = 3x 9. x = 5(𝑦 − 1)2
Find each function value.

10. h(x) = 𝑥 2 – 8x + 1 11. f(a) = –3√𝑎2 + 9
a. h(–1) a. f(4)
b. h(2x) b. f(3a)
c. h(x + 8) c. f(a + 1)
State the domain of each function.

2𝑡 − 6
12. g(x) = √− 3𝑥 − 2 13. h(t) = 𝑡 2 + 6𝑡 + 9
3𝑥 2 + 16 if 𝑥 < −2
14. Find f(–4) and f(11) for the piecewise function f(x) = {√𝑥 − 2 if − 2 < 𝑥 ≤ 11.
−75 if 𝑥 > 11
2
More Exercises on Ch1 L1
3
Ch1 L2: Analyzing Graphs of Functions and Relations

1. Use the graph of the function shown to estimate f(–2.5), f(1), and f(7).
Then confirm the estimates algebraically. Round to the nearest
hundredth, if necessary.
Use the graph of h to find the domain and range of each function.
2.
3.
4. Use the graph of the function to find its y-intercept and zeros. Then
find these values algebraically.
Use the graph of each equation to test for symmetry with respect to the x-axis, y-axis, and the origin. Support the
answer numerically. Then confirm algebraically.
5. 6.
1
7. Graph g(x) = using a graphing calculator. Analyze the graph to determine whether the function is even, odd, or
𝑥2
neither. Confirm algebraically. If odd or even, describe the symmetry of the graph of the function.
4
5
Ch1 L3: Continuity, End Behavior, and Limits

Determine whether each function is continuous at the given x-value(s). Justify using the continuity test. If
discontinuous, identify the type of discontinuity as infinite, jump, or removable.
2 𝑥 −2
1. f(x) = − ; at x = –1 2. f(x) = ; at x = –4
3𝑥 2 𝑥+4
𝑥+1
3. f(x) = 𝑥 3 – 2x + 2; at x = 1 4. f(x) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2; at x = –1 and x = –2
Determine between which consecutive integers the real zeros of each function are located on the given interval.
5. f(x) = 𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 – 4; [–6, 2] 6. g(x) = 𝑥 4 + 10x – 6; [–3, 2]
Use the graph of each function to describe its end behavior. Support the conjecture numerically.
7.
8.
9. ELECTRONICS Ohm’s Law gives the relationship between resistance R, voltage E, and current
𝐸
I in a circuit as R = . If the voltage remains constant but the current keeps increasing in the circuit, what happens to the
𝐼
resistance?
6
7
Ch1 L4: Extrema and Average Rates of Change

Use the graph of each function to estimate intervals to the nearest 0.5 unit on which the function is increasing,
decreasing, or constant. Support the answer numerically.
1.
2.
Estimate to the nearest 0.5 unit and classify the extrema for the graph of each function. Support the answers
numerically.
3.
4.
5. GRAPHING CALCULATOR Approximate to the nearest hundredth the relative or absolute extrema of h(x) = 𝑥 5 –
6x + 1. State the x–values where they occur.
Find the average rate of change of each function on the given interval.
6. g(x) = 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 – 5; [–4, –2] 7. g(x) = −3𝑥 3 – 4x; [2, 6]
8. PHYSICS The height t seconds after a toy rocket is launched straight up can be modeled by the function h(t) = −16𝑡2
+ 32t + 0.5, where h(t) is in feet. Find the maximum height of the rocket.
8
9
Ch1 L5: Parent Functions and Transformations

1. Use the graph of f(x) = √𝑥 to graph g(x) = √𝑥 + 3 + 1.
2. Use the graph of f(x) = |𝑥| to graph g(x) = -|2x|.
3. Describe how the graph of f(x) = 𝑥 2 and g(x) are related. Then write an
equation for g(x).
4. Identify the parent function f(x) of g(x) = 2|x + 2| – 3. Describe how the
graphs of g(x) and f(x) are related. Then graph f(x) and g(x) on the same
axes.
−1 if 𝑥 ≤ −3
5. Graph f(x) = {1 + 𝑥 if − 2 < 𝑥 ≤ 2. 6. Use the graph of f(x) = 𝑥 3 to graph g(x) = |(𝑥 + 1)3 |.
⟦𝑥⟧ if 4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 6
10
11
Ch1 L6: Function Operations and Composition of Functions

𝒇
Find (f + g)(x), (f – g)(x), (f • g)(x), and ( ) (x) for each f(x) and g(x). State the domain of each new function.
𝒈
1. f(x) = 2𝑥 2 + 8 and g(x) = 5x – 6 2. f(x) = 𝑥 3 and g(x) = √𝑥 + 1
For each pair of functions, find [f ◦ g](x), [g ◦ f](x), and [f ◦ g](3).
3. f(x) = x + 5 and g(x) = x – 3 4. f(x) = 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 1 and g(x) = 3x
5. f(x) = 2𝑥 2 – 5x + 1 and g(x) = 2x – 3 6. f(x) = 3𝑥 2 – 2x + 5 and g(x) = 2x – 1
Find f ◦ g.
1
7. f(x) = √𝑥 − 2 8. f(x) = 𝑥 – 8
g(x) = 3x g(x) = 𝑥 2 + 5
Find two functions f and g such that h(x) = [f ◦ g](x). Neither function may be the identity function f(x) = x.
1
9. h(x) = √2𝑥 − 6 –1 10. h(x) =
3𝑥 +3
11. RESTAURANT A group of three restaurant patrons order the same meal and drink and leave an 18% tip. Determine
functions that represent the cost of all of the meals before tip, the actual tip, and the composition of the two functions that
gives the cost for all of the meals including tip.
12
13
Ch1 L7: Inverse Relations and Functions

Graph each function using a graphing calculator, and apply the horizontal line test to determine whether its
inverse function exists. Write yes or no.
1. f(x) = 3|x| + 2 2. f(x) = – √𝑥 + 3 – 1
𝑥
3. f(x) = 𝑥 5 + 5𝑥 3 4. f(x) = 5 + 9
Determine whether f has an inverse function. If it does, find the inverse function and state any restrictions on its
domain.
3 2𝑥 − 1
5. f(x) = √𝑥 − 1 6. f(x) = 𝑥+7
4
7. f(x) = (𝑥 − 3)2 8. f(x) = √𝑥 − 2
Show algebraically that f and g are inverse functions.
𝑥−3 𝑥2
9. f(x) = 2x + 3; g(x) = 2
10. f(x) = 2
– 6; x ≥ 0; g(x) = √2𝑥 + 12
11. Use the graph of f(x) to graph 𝑓 −1 (x).
12. FIRE FIGHTING Airplanes are often used to drop water on forest fires in an effort to stop the spread of the fire. The
√ℎ
time in seconds it takes for the water to travel from the plane to the ground is given by the function t(h) = , where h is
4
given in feet. Find the inverse of the function. If the water takes 8 seconds to hit the ground, from what height did the
plane drop the water?
14
15
Ch2 L2: Polynomial Functions

Graph each function. Describe the end behavior of the graph of the polynomial function using limits.
Explain your reasoning using the leading term test.
1. f(x) = –7𝑥 5 – 2𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 5 2. f(x) = 𝑥 6 – 2𝑥 4 + 1
State the number of possible real zeros and turning points of each function.
Then determine all of the real zeros by factoring.
3. f(x) = 𝑥 3 – 3𝑥 2 – x + 3 4. f(x) = 𝑥 4 – 5𝑥 2 – 36
5. The amount of food energy produced by farms increases as more energy is expended. The following table shows the
amount of energy produced and the amount of energy expended to produce the food.
Energy Input
606 970 1121 1227 1318 1455 1636 2030 2182 2242
(Calories)
Energy Output
133 144 148 157 171 175 187 193 198 198
(Calories)
a. Write a polynomial function to model the set of data.
b. Predict the energy output when the energy input is 800 Calories.
6. For f(x) = –x(2𝑥 + 5)2 (x – 3), (a) apply the leading term test, (b) determine the zeros and state the multiplicity of any
repeated zeros, (c) find a few additional points, and then (d) graph the function.
16
17
Ch2 L3: The Remainder and Factor Theorems

Divide using long division.
1. (2𝑥 4 + 14𝑥 3 – 2𝑥 2 – 14x) ÷ (x + 7) 2. (3𝑡 3 – 10𝑡 2 + t – 5) ÷ (t – 4)
Divide using synthetic division.

3. (𝑦 3 + 𝑦 2 – 10) ÷ (y + 3) 4. (𝑛4 – 𝑛3 – 10𝑛2 + 4n + 24) ÷ (n + 2)
5. (𝑥 4 – 3𝑥 3 – 15𝑥 2 + 19x + 30) ÷ (x – 5) 6. (𝑥 3 – 8𝑥 2 – 29x + 180) ÷ (x – 10)
Find each f(c) using synthetic substitution.

7. f(x) = 𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 – 9x – 54 ; c = 3 8. f(x) = 3𝑥 4 – 6𝑥 2 – 30 ; c = 2
9. f(x) = –𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 – 𝑥 2 + 7x + 5 ; c = –1 10. f(x) = 𝑥 5 + 6𝑥 3 + 9x – 3 ; c = 4
Use the Factor Theorem to determine if the binomials given are factors of f(x).
Use the binomials that are factors to write a factored form of f(x).
11. f(x) = 𝑥 3 – 7x − 6; (x + 2), (x – 1)
12. f(x) = 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 50x − 25; (x + 5), (x – 5)
13. f(x) = 𝑥 4 – 𝑥 3 – 7𝑥 2 + x + 6; (x + 2), (x + 4)
14. f(x) = 3𝑥 4 – 4𝑥 3 – 61𝑥 2 + 22x + 40; (3x + 2), (x – 1)
15. ADVERTISING An advertising manager uses the function f(x) = 0.0003𝑥4 – 0.02𝑥3 – 3𝑥2 + 522x – 4600 to predict
the profit a commercial will earn a company, based on the number of seconds the commercial lasts, x. Use synthetic
substitution to find the profit of a 35-second commercial. Round to the nearest dollar.
18
19
Ch2 L5: Rational Functions

Find the domain of each function and the equations of the vertical or horizontal asymptotes, if any.
4
1. f(x) = 𝑥 2 + 1
2𝑥 + 1
2. f(x) = 𝑥+1
𝑥+3
3. f(x) = (𝑥
+ 1)(𝑥 − 2)
For each function, determine any asymptotes, holes, and intercepts. Then graph the function and state its domain.
5𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 1 𝑥2+ 𝑥 − 6
4. f(x) = 𝑥−2
5. f(x) = 𝑥+1
Solve each equation.

1 6𝑛 − 9 2 4
6. + = 7. t – =3
2𝑛 3𝑛 𝑛 𝑡
3𝑎 4 2𝑝 3 15 − 𝑝
8. 2𝑎 + 1 – 2𝑎 − 1
=1 9. 𝑝 + 1 + 𝑝−1
= 𝑝2 − 1
10. FUNDRAISER A school is sponsoring a fundraiser by selling athletic calendars. The total cost of printing the
calendar is $440 plus an additional charge of $2.75 per calendar. How many calendars must be sold to keep the cost
of printing under $5 per calendar?
20
21
Ch2 L6: Nonlinear Inequalities

Solve each inequality.
1. (3 – 2y) (2y + 5) < 0 2. 𝑥 2 – 2x + 1 ≥ 0
3. 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 ≤ 4 4. 𝑥 2 – 12 > –2𝑥 2 – 16x
5. 3𝑥 3 – 5𝑥 2 + 10 ≤ 74x + 34 6. 4𝑥 2 + 6x ≤ 12 – 7x
2𝑛 + 1 𝑛−1 3𝑦
7. ≤ 8. 1 + >2
3𝑛 + 1 3𝑛 + 1 1−𝑦
2𝑥 5𝑥 + 1 4𝑥 − 2
9. 4
– 3
>3 10. 𝑥+1
≥ –2
4𝑥 − 28 𝑥+1
11. (𝑥 ≥ 2 12. (𝑥 ≥0
− 5) (𝑥 + 1) − 4) (𝑥 + 8)
13. GREENHOUSE You want to build a greenhouse from at most 500 square feet of material in the shape of a half
cylinder. The surface area of the greenhouse is given by the formula S = πrh + π𝑟 2 , where r is the radius and h is the
length of the greenhouse. Write an expression for h in terms of r. Then find all of the possible values of r.
22
23
Ch3 L1: Exponential Functions

Sketch and analyze the graph of each function. Describe its domain, range, intercepts, asymptotes, end behavior,
and where the function is increasing or decreasing.
1
1. f(x) = 2𝑥 – 1 2. h(x) = –5 𝑒 𝑥 – 2
3. DEMOGRAPHICS In 2000, the number of people in the United States was 281,421,906. The U.S. population is
estimated to be growing at0.88% annually.
a. Let t be the number of years since 2000. Write a function that models the annual growth in population in the U.S.
b. Predict the population in 2020 and 2030. Assume a steady rate of increase.
4. FINANCE Determine the amount of money in a savings account that provides an annual rate of 4%
compounded monthly if the initial deposit is $1000 and the money is left in the account for 5 years.
24
25
Ch3 L2: Logarithmic Functions

Evaluate each expression.
1. log 7 73 2. log10 0.001 3. log 8 4096
4. 2 ln 𝑒 5 5. 9log9 18 6. log 8 32
7. log 6 216 8. 𝑒 𝑙𝑛 0.014𝑥 9. log12 144
Sketch and analyze the graph of each function. Describe its domain, range, intercepts, asymptotes, end behavior,
and where the function is increasing or decreasing.
10. g(x) = 4−𝑥 + 2 11. g(x) = 𝑒 2𝑥 + 1
12. Use the graph of f to describe the transformation that results

in the graph of g. Then sketch the graphs of f and g.
𝑥
f(x) = ln x, g(x) = ln (2) – 2
1 𝑃
13. INVESTMENTS The annual growth rate r for an investment can be found using r = 𝑡 ln 𝑃 , where t is time in years,
0
P is the present value, and 𝑃0 is the original investment. An investment of $4000 was made in 2005 and had a value of
$7500 in 2010. What was the average growth rate of the investment?
26
27
Ch3 L3: Properties of Logarithms

Express each logarithm in terms of ln 10 and ln 3.
1. ln 300 2. ln 27000
10 729
3. ln 4. ln
9 10000
Expand each expression.

𝑥+1 𝑥2
5. ln 4 6. ln
√𝑥 − 5 √3𝑥 + 2
7. log 2 [(2𝑥)3 (x + 1)] 8. log 8 [(4𝑥 + 2)3 (x − 4)]
3𝑥 4 (𝑥 + 1)3
9. log13 3 10. log 2 3
√7𝑥 − 3 √𝑥 + 5
Condense each expression.

1 1
11. 2 ln (3x – 5y) – ln (4x + y) 12. 3 log 2 (5x + 6) − 2 log 2 (x − 4)
13. 2 – log 7 6 – 2 log 7 x 14. log 3 8 + log 3 x – 2 log 3 (x + 4)
1 1
15. log y + log 3 − 3 log(x) + 2 log z 16. log 3 y + log 3 x – 2 log 3 x + 3 log 3 z
Evaluate each logarithm.

1
17. log 1 18. log100 200 19. log 0.01 4
2 5
20. log 0.24 322 21. log 6 24 22. log 1 9.8

3
𝐼
23. SEISMOLOGY The intensity of a shock wave from an earthquake is given by the formula R = log10 , where R is
𝐼0
the magnitude, I is a measure of wave energy, and 𝐼0 = 1. Find the intensity per unit of area for the following
earthquakes.
a. Guam region, in 2008, R = 6.7
b. Macquarie Island region, in 2008, R = 7.1
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29
Ch3 L4: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations

Solve each equation.
1. 5𝑥 = 125𝑥−2 2. log 6 𝑥 + log 6 9 = log 6 54
1 𝑥+3
3. (9) = 27𝑥 4. 𝑒 2𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 − 6 = 0
1
5. log 𝑥 64 = 3 6. ln e
=x
7. ln (2x – 1) = ln 16 8. 3𝑒 4𝑥 − 9𝑒 2𝑥 − 15 = 0
9. ln (x – 5) + ln 4 = ln x – ln 2 10. 4𝑥 + 2 = 6−2𝑥 – 3
11. 6𝑒 6𝑥 − 17𝑒 3𝑥 + 7 = 0 12. 6 ln (x + 2) – 3 = 21
13. 4𝑒 2𝑥 − 13𝑒 𝑥 + 9 = 0 14. log (2x + 1) + log (x − 4) = log (2𝑥 2 – 4)
15. 2−4𝑥 + 1 = 32𝑥 – 3 16. log 5 (x + 4) + log 5 x = log 5 12
17. log (x + 1) + log (x − 3) = log (6𝑥 2 – 6) 18. ln 0.04x = –8
Solve each equation. Round to the nearest hundredth.

19. 29𝑥 = 1210 20. 43𝑥 = 1056 21. 5𝑥 + 3 − 4 = 19
22. 3𝑥 − 8 + 2 = 38 23. 62𝑥 − 1 = 18 24. 23 + 2𝑥 = 130
25. BANKING Ms. Cubbatz invested a sum of money in a certificate of deposit that earns 8% interest compounded
continuously. The formula for calculating interest that is compounded continuously is A = 𝑃𝑒 𝑟𝑡 . If Ms. Cubbatz made
the investment on January 1, 2005, and the account was worth $12,000 on January 1, 2009, what was the original
amount in the account?
26. FINANCIAL LITERACY If $500 is deposited in a savings account providing an annual interest rate of 5.6%
compounded quarterly, how long will it take for the account to be worth $750?
30
31
Ch4 L1: Right Triangle Trigonometry

Find the exact values of the six trigonometric functions of θ.
1. 2.
Find the value of x. Round to the nearest tenth, if necessary.
3. 4.
5. On a college campus, the library is 80 yards due east of the dormitory and the recreation center is due north of the
library. The college is constructing a sidewalk from the dormitory to the recreation center. The sidewalk will be at a
56° angle with the current sidewalk between the dormitory and the library. To the nearest yard, how long will the new
sidewalk be?
6. If cot A = 8, find the exact values of the remaining trigonometric functions for the acute angle A.
Find the measure of angle θ. Round to the nearest degree, if necessary.
7. 8.
Solve each triangle. Round side measures to the nearest tenth and angle measures to the nearest degree.
9. 10.
11. SWIMMING The swimming pool at Perris Hill Plunge is 50 feet long and 25 feet wide. If the bottom of the pool is
slanted so that the water depth is 3 feet at the shallow end and 15 feet at the deep end, what is the angle of elevation at
the bottom of the pool?
32
33
Ch4 L2: Degrees and Radians

Write each decimal degree measure in DMS form and each DMS measure in decimal degree form to the nearest
thousandth.
1. 28.955 2. –57.3278
3. 32 28' 10" 4. –73 14' 35"
Write each degree measure in radians as a multiple of π and each radian measure in degrees.
5. 25° 6. 130°
3π 5π
7. 8.
4 3
Identify all angles that are coterminal with the given angle. Then find and draw one positive and one negative
angle coterminal with the given angle.
7π
9. 43° 10. − 4
Find the length of the intercepted arc with the given central angle measure in a circle of the given radius. Round to
the nearest tenth.
7π
11. 30°, r = 8 yd 12. , r = 10 in.
6
Find the rotation in revolutions per minute given the angular speed and the radius given the linear speed and the
rate of rotation.
4
13. ω = 5 π rad/s 14. V = 32 m/s, 100 rev/min
π
15. On a game show, a contestant spins a wheel. The angular speed of the wheel was ω = 3 radians per second. If the
wheel maintained this rate, what would be the rotation in revolutions per minute?
Find the area of each sector.
π 7π
16. θ = , r = 14 in. 17. θ = ,r=4m
6 4
34
35
Ch4 L3: Trigonometric Functions on the Unit Circle

The given point lies on the terminal side of an angle θ in standard position.
Find the values of the six trigonometric functions of θ.
1. (–1, 5) 2. (7, 0) 3. (–3, –4)
4. (1, –2) 5. (–3, 1) 6. (2, –4)
Sketch each angle. Then find its reference angle.

3π 9π
7. 330° 8. – 4
9. 6
7π π
10. 4
11. 135° 12. – 3
Find the exact value of each expression. If undefined, write undefined.
13. csc 90° 14. tan 270° 15. sin (−90°)
3π 𝜋 5π
16. cos 17. Sec (− ) 18. Cot
2 4 6
19. PENDULUMS The angle made by the swing of a pendulum and its vertical resting position can be modeled by
θ = 3 cos πt, where t is time measured in seconds and θ is measured in radians. What is the angle made by the
pendulum after 6 seconds?
36
37
Ch4 L4: Graphing Sine and Cosine Functions

Describe how the graphs of f(x) and g(x) are related. Then find the amplitude of g(x) and sketch two periods of
both functions on the same coordinate axes.
1. f(x) = sin x 2. f(x) = cos x

1 1
g(x) = sin x g(x) = – cos x
3 4
State the amplitude, period, frequency, phase shift, and vertical shift of each function. Then graph two periods of
the function.
𝜋 1
3. y = 2 sin (𝑥 + 2 ) − 3 4. y = 2 cos (2x − π) + 2
Write a sinusoidal function with the given amplitude, period, phase shift, and vertical shift.
π
5. sine function: amplitude = 15, period = 4π, phase shift = 2, vertical shift = –10
2 π π
6. cosine function: amplitude = , period = , phase shift = – , vertical shift = 5
3 3 3
7. MUSIC A piano tuner strikes a tuning fork note A above middle C and sets in motion vibrations that can be modeled
by y = 0.001 sin 880tπ. Find the amplitude and period of the function.
38
39
Ch4 L6: Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Sketch the graph of each function.
1. y = arccos 3x 2. y = arctan x + 1
3. y = sin−1 3x 4. y = tan−1 3x
Find the exact value of each expression, if it exists.
√3 π
5. arcsin−1 (− 2
) 6. cos −1 (cos 3 )
3𝜋 π
7. tan (− ) 8. sin −1 (cos 3 )
2
√3 1
9. arctan (− ) 10. arcsin (− )
3 2
1 √3
11. tan (sin −1 1 − cos −1 2) 12. sin (arctan − 3
)
13. ART Hans purchased a painting that is 30 inches tall that will hang 8 inches above the fireplace. The top of the
fireplace is 55 inches from the floor.
a. Write a function modeling the maximum viewing angle θ for the distance d for Hans if his eye-level when sitting is
2.5 feet above the ground.
b. Determine the distance that corresponds to the maximum viewing angle.
Write each trigonometric expression as an algebraic expression of x.

14. sin (arccos x) 15. tan (sin−1 x)
40
41
Ch4 L7: The Law of Sines and the Law of Cosines

Solve each triangle. Round to the nearest tenth if necessary.
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. STREET LIGHTING A lamp post tilts toward the Sun at a 2° angle from
the vertical and casts a 25-foot shadow. The angle from the tip of the shadow
to the top of the lamp post is 45°. Find the length of the lamp post.
Use Heron’s Formula to find the area of each triangle. Round to the nearest tenth.
6. △ABC if a = 5 ft, b = 12 ft, c = 13 ft 7. △FGH if f = 11 in., g = 13 in., h = 16 in.
8. △MNP if m = 8 yd, n = 3.6 yd, p = 5.2 yd 9. △XYZ if x = 12 cm, y = 10 cm, z = 15.8 cm
Find the area of each triangle to the nearest tenth.

10. △RST if R = 115°, s = 15 yd, t = 20 yd 11. △MNP if n = 4 ft, P = 69°, N = 37°
12. △DEF if d = 2 ft, E = 85°, F = 19° 13. △JKL if j = 68 cm, l = 110 cm, K = 42.5°
42
43
Ch5 L1: Trigonometric Identities

Find the value of each expression using the given information.
1 2
1. If cos θ = and 0˚ < θ < 90˚, find tan θ. 2. If sin θ = and 0˚ < θ < 90˚, find cos θ.
4 3
7
3. If tan θ = 2
and 0˚ < θ < 90˚, find sin θ. 4. If tan θ = 2 and 0˚ < θ < 90˚, find cot θ.
4
5. If sin α = – and cos α > 0, find tan α and sec α.
5
3
6. If cot x = – and sec x < 0, find sin x and cos x.
2
𝜋
7. If cos θ = 0.54, find sin (𝜃 − 2 ).
𝜋
8. If cot x = –0.18, find tan (𝑥 − ).
2
Simplify each expression.

cot 𝐴
9. cos x + sin x tan x 10. tan 𝐴
csc2 𝑥 − cot2 𝑥
11. sin2 θ cos2 θ – cos2 θ 12. sin (−𝑥) cot 𝑥
13. KITE FLYING Brett and Tara are flying a kite. When the string is tied to the ground, the height of the kite can be
𝐿
determined by the formula = csc θ, where L is the length of the string and θ is the angle between the string and the level
𝐻
ground. What formula could Brett and Tara use to find the height of the kite if they know the value of sin θ?
44
45
Ch5 L3: Solving Trigonometric Equations

Solve each equation for all values of x.
1. cos x = 3 cos x – 2 2. 2 sin2 x – 1 = 0
3. √cos 𝑥 = 2 cos x – 1 4. 2 sin2 x – 5 sin x + 2 = 0
Find all solutions of each equation on the interval [0, 2π).
5. sec 2 x + tan x = 1 6. 3 tan x – √3 = 0
7. 4 sin2 x – 4 sin x + 1 = 0 8. 4 cos 2 x – 1 = 0
cos3 𝑥
9. sin 𝑥
= cot x 10. tan x sin2 x = 3 tan x
11. CIRCLES To find the diameter d of any circle, first inscribe a triangle in the circle. The diameter is then equal to the
ratio of any side of the triangle and the sine of its opposite angle.
a. Suppose the measure of one side of a triangle inscribed in a circle is 20 centimeters. If the measure of the angle in
the triangle opposite this side is 30°, what is the length of the diameter of the circle?
b. Suppose a circle with a diameter of 12.4 inches circumscribes a triangle with one side of the triangle measuring
4.6 inches. What is the measure of the angle in the triangle opposite this side?
12. AVIATION An airplane takes off from the ground and reaches a height of 500 feet after flying 2 miles. Given the
formula H = d tan θ, where H is the height of the plane and d is the distance (along the ground) the plane has flown, find
the angle of ascent θ at which the plane took off.
46
47
Ch5 L4: Sum and Difference Identities

Find the exact value of each trigonometric expression.
5𝜋
1. cos 12 2. sin (–165°) 3. tan 345°
7𝜋 𝜋
4. csc 915° 5. tan (− 12
) 6. sec 12
Simplify each expression.

3𝜋 3𝜋 tan 30° − tan 𝑥
7. cos 2
cos π – sin 2
sin π 8. 1 + tan 30° tan 𝑥
Write each trigonometric expression as an algebraic expression.
1
9. sin (arccos x + arcsin x) 10. cos (arccos 2
− arcsin 𝑥)
Verify each cofunction or reduction identity.
11. sin (360° + θ) = sin θ 12. cos (180° – θ) = –cos θ
Find the solutions to each expression on the interval [0, 2π).

5π 5π 2π 2π
13. cos ( 4 + 𝑥) + sin ( 4 − 𝑥) = 0 14. sin ( 3 − 𝑥) + sin ( 3 + 𝑥) = 0
15. Sound waves can be modeled by the equations of the form 𝑦1 = 20 sin (3x + θ). A wave traveling in the opposite
direction can be modeled by 𝑦2 = 20 sin (3x – θ). Show that 𝑦1 + 𝑦2 = 40 sin 3x cos θ.
48
49

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Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ‫المملكة العربية السعودية‬

Ministry of Education ‫وزارة التعليم‬

Student’s Name: _______________________________

Ch1 L1: Functions

1. {–3, –2, –1, 0, 1, …} 2. – 6.5 < x ≤ 3

3. all multiples of 2 4. x < 0 or x > 8

Determine whether each relation represents y as a function of x.

Find each function value.

State the domain of each function.

More Exercises on Ch1 L1

Ch1 L2: Analyzing Graphs of Functions and Relations

More Exercises on Ch1 L2

Ch1 L3: Continuity, End Behavior, and Limits

5. f(x) = 𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 – 4; [–6, 2] 6. g(x) = 𝑥 4 + 10x – 6; [–3, 2]

More Exercises on Ch1 L3

Ch1 L4: Extrema and Average Rates of Change

6. g(x) = 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 – 5; [–4, –2] 7. g(x) = −3𝑥 3 – 4x; [2, 6]

More Exercises on Ch1 L4

Ch1 L5: Parent Functions and Transformations

More Exercises on Ch1 L5

Ch1 L6: Function Operations and Composition of Functions

1. f(x) = 2𝑥 2 + 8 and g(x) = 5x – 6 2. f(x) = 𝑥 3 and g(x) = √𝑥 + 1

For each pair of functions, find [f ◦ g](x), [g ◦ f](x), and [f ◦ g](3).

3. f(x) = x + 5 and g(x) = x – 3 4. f(x) = 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 1 and g(x) = 3x

5. f(x) = 2𝑥 2 – 5x + 1 and g(x) = 2x – 3 6. f(x) = 3𝑥 2 – 2x + 5 and g(x) = 2x – 1

More Exercises on Ch1 L6

Ch1 L7: Inverse Relations and Functions

1. f(x) = 3|x| + 2 2. f(x) = – √𝑥 + 3 – 1

Show algebraically that f and g are inverse functions.

11. Use the graph of f(x) to graph 𝑓 −1 (x).

More Exercises on Ch1 L7

Ch2 L2: Polynomial Functions

1. f(x) = –7𝑥 5 – 2𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 5 2. f(x) = 𝑥 6 – 2𝑥 4 + 1

a. Write a polynomial function to model the set of data.

More Exercises on Ch2 L2

Ch2 L3: The Remainder and Factor Theorems

Divide using synthetic division.

5. (𝑥 4 – 3𝑥 3 – 15𝑥 2 + 19x + 30) ÷ (x – 5) 6. (𝑥 3 – 8𝑥 2 – 29x + 180) ÷ (x – 10)

Find each f(c) using synthetic substitution.

9. f(x) = –𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 – 𝑥 2 + 7x + 5 ; c = –1 10. f(x) = 𝑥 5 + 6𝑥 3 + 9x – 3 ; c = 4

11. f(x) = 𝑥 3 – 7x − 6; (x + 2), (x – 1)

12. f(x) = 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 50x − 25; (x + 5), (x – 5)

13. f(x) = 𝑥 4 – 𝑥 3 – 7𝑥 2 + x + 6; (x + 2), (x + 4)

14. f(x) = 3𝑥 4 – 4𝑥 3 – 61𝑥 2 + 22x + 40; (3x + 2), (x – 1)

More Exercises on Ch2 L3

Ch2 L5: Rational Functions

Solve each equation.

More Exercises on Ch2 L5

Ch2 L6: Nonlinear Inequalities

1. (3 – 2y) (2y + 5) < 0 2. 𝑥 2 – 2x + 1 ≥ 0

3. 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 ≤ 4 4. 𝑥 2 – 12 > –2𝑥 2 – 16x

More Exercises on Ch2 L6

Ch3 L1: Exponential Functions

More Exercises on Ch3 L1

Ch3 L2: Logarithmic Functions

7. log 6 216 8. 𝑒 𝑙𝑛 0.014𝑥 9. log12 144

12. Use the graph of f to describe the transformation that results

More Exercises on Ch3 L2

Ch3 L3: Properties of Logarithms