UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MACHINE DESIGN PROJECT

GROUP MEMBER:

1.Naveenesh Raaj Kumar A/L Munusamy(DM94415)

2.Suthan Raj A/L Kunasakaran(DM94802)
3.Kartik Gunaseelan (DM87576)
4.Arvind Raj A/L Paneer Selvam (DM94271)

SECTION: 01 TA

ACADEMIC YEAR : SEMESTER 1, 2018/2019

LECTURER : EN. Mohd Rashdan bin Isa

 TITLE PAGE
Introduction
Background 3-5
Function of product
Advantage and disadvantage
Design
Detail drawing 6-16
3D Model
Calculation
Ball Bearing 17-24
Screw
Solid work Analysis 25-27
Conclusion 28

1.0 Background

As we can see in this modern world, technology has grown much further than what we have
imagined. Currently, the world depends on technology and everyone from the young to the old
seem to be deeply involved. Technology has become one of the most important elements in
today’s societies and its role in our lives keeps getting complex. Even though the technology has
grown up fast, we still can see some problems faced by us as a human being. But in this project,
disabled persons are given more attention since they are non-ordinary people like us. Some of
them can’t perform a task without someone’s help. Most common problems faced by disabled
people are, they can’t move or struggle to move from one place to another. For example, a
disabled person or an old citizen who have difficulties to move from a lower ground to a higher
ground might face alot of difficulties to do so. To overcome this, we were given a task to come
up with a solution and we decided to develope a machine to help them to get to places easily and
more conveniently. This machine has to be operated manually which requires the particular
person standing on the wood/metal base and rotating themselves to another position to get to the
place they want. This machine gives them an alternative solution to overcome their inability. The
ball bearing reduces friction and is a simple and effecient concept for them to move easily
without any difficulties.

Problem statement

The problems that most commonly faced are lack of facility and machines to help disabled
people to overcome their disability to move from one position to another. People with disability
and old citizen need a machine to help them to carry themself. This project has to be developed
with applying physics to it to make it work. The existing transportation and infrastructural
facilities available to disabled are hardly adequate for example public transport that comprises
the problems related to design of the vehicles (high and incompatible steps of vehicles from the
platform level). Sometimes, on the other hand, a disability truly limits a person's actions and
abilities. If the building is on fire and the elevators aren’t working, a wheelchair user on the 14th
floor could be in extreme danger. In order to function effectively and safely in jobs, education,
and everyday life, people with disabilities need to have physical and social access to the same
spaces, employment, goods, services, entertainment, and community participation as everyone
else. When people with special needs are accommodated, their disabilities don’t limit their
ability to fully participate in life.

Function of Product

A person who is disabled or an old citizen who have difficulties to move from a lower ground to
higher ground might face alot of difficulties to do so. So this machine is developed to help them
to get to this places easily and more conveniently. This machine have to be operated manually
which requires the particular person standing on the wood/metal base and rotating themselves to
another position to get to the place they want. This machine gives them an alternative solution to
overcome their inability. The angular bearing reduces friction and is a simply and most effecient
concept for them to move easily without any difficulties. The ability to move one’s body from
one location to another is an activity we often take for granted. Without a method to transfer
from a bed to a chair, or a wheelchair to a car seat, a person is limited to one position. When an
individual needs assistance with moving from one place to another because of physical
limitations or challenges, some kind of transferring facilitation is required. Transfer
Devices come in a multitude of sizes, shapes and styles to assist patients and their caregivers in
these kinds of daily situations. Patient transfer devices or patient lifts can help keep both the
patient and caregiver safe and secure during activities such as using the bathroom or a public
restroom, getting into and out of a car, taking a bath or shower or moving into or out of a bed,
chair or wheelchair.

Objective
 To prepare a machine which aids impaired people and old citizen with less effort but
operates mechanically.

 To Implicate the rotary of motion when rotating the machine.

 To produce a machine which is very convinient to everyone.

 To develop a device that can be used to transfer a disabled or elderly person from a wheel
chair into a car, and the other way around

Deliverables

The project is a human transfering mechanism. This porject that we are constructing is a
product/tool to help people in need when comes to transfering them from one place to another.
The project is practically a tool made out of a circular wood / metal as the base, 2 rods
connecting from the base. A Plastic/metal placed on top the 2 rods as the handles.We also use
the concept of bearings in order to allow the tool to rotate.
People that benefit from our project are people who disabled,unable to walk, people facing stroke
and old citizens who require a support to move their body. This machine will help them from one
place to another by rotating. This devices,modifications that aid people in need started from the
17th century. When the wheelchair were created,other technologies started taking an uperhand
from then.
Our project gives a big helping hand to the people who are disable and unable to go through their
daily life as normal people. This tool/machine will ease people’s life.

Problems was listed and this project is a solution for it. Development of this machine can be
tested by us as we are doing as it’s convinent to use. The process of doing this project is simple
and requries a very less cost and time.This is a economical project which can be afforded by
most people.

Table 1 : Advantages and Disadvantages of human transfer machine

No Advantages Disadvantages
1 Ease the body movement of a person Doesn’t operate automatically
2 Reduces friction Bearings requires lubricant
3 Doesn’t require the help of others Without human effort it’s not
operated

Design
COMPONENTS ANALYSIS

AND

CALCULATIONS
Angular ball bearing

Angular contact ball bearings have inner and outer ring raceways that are displaced relative to
each other in the direction of the bearing axis. This means that these bearings are designed to
accommodate combined loads, i.e. simultaneously acting radial and axial loads.

The axial load carrying capacity of angular contact ball bearings increases as the contact angle
increases. The contact angle is defined as the angle between the line joining the points of contact
of the ball and the raceways in the radial plane, along which the combined load is transmitted
from one raceway to another, and a line perpendicular to the bearing axis.

Bearing Reliablity: 99%

The design life: 10years= 87600hrs

The input shaft speed and the design life correlates to a bearing life of:

min rev
(
LD =( 87600 h ) 60
h )(
3800
min )
=2× 1010 rev

The output shaft speed and the design life correlates to a bearing life of:

min rev
(
LD =( 87600 h ) 60
h )(
1425
min )
=7.49× 109 rev

Bearing forces for bearings at point A and B for input shaft and the bearing selections
Point A:

[ ]
1 /3
2 ×1010
106
F RA=243.89 1
=3.206 kN
1.483
0.02+ 4.439 ( 1−0.99 )

by referring to SKF catalogue, a bearing with the following specifications is chosen:

Single row deep-groove ball bearing

C10 = 4.75kN, Bore = 9mm, Width = 8mm, max. fillet radius = 0.3mm

Point B:

[ ]
1 /3
2 ×1010
10 6
F RB=279.28 1
=4.295 kN
1.483
0.02+4.439 ( 1−0.99 )

by referring to SKF catalogue, a bearing with the following specifications is chosen:

Single row deep-groove ball bearing

C10 = 4.75kN, Bore = 9mm, Width = 8mm, max. fillet radius = 0.2mm
Bearing forces for bearings at point A and B for output shaft and the bearing selections

Point A:

[ ]
1 /3
7.49× 109
106
F RA=243.89 1
=1.29 kN
1.483
0.02+ 4.439 ( 1−0.99 )

by referring to SKF catalogue, a bearing with the following specifications is chosen:

Single row deep-groove ball bearing

C10 = 4.75kN, Bore = 9mm, Width = 8mm, max. fillet radius = 0.3mm

Point B:

[ ]
1 /3
7.49 ×10 9
10 6
F RB=279.28 1
=2.1 kN
1.483
0.02+4.439 ( 1−0.99 )

by referring to SKF catalogue, a bearing with the following specifications is chosen:

Single row deep-groove ball bearing

C10 = 7.28kN, Bore = 12mm, Width = 5mm, max. fillet radius = 0.6mm
 DISCUSSION FOR BEARING ANALYSIS

For bearing, the value of C10 is the most important factor to consider to prevent failure to
occur. The value of C10 in the catalogue must be always greater than the bearing force calculated.
Factor of safety is not important at all in bearing calculation but the dimension of the bearing
related to dimension of the shaft which must pass the factor of safety assumed. Next, the fillet
radius is important to produce a perfect fit between the bearing and the shafts. The fillet radius is
also important in calculating the stress concentration.
Screw

Blot Length
Bolt Stiffness
Member stiffness
Solid work analysis (1000N)
Conclusion

This semester we were given the errand of planning and building a human transfer device. As of
now, wheelchair patients don't have issues transporting themselves from the wheelchair into a car
in light of the fact that the seat tallness in the vehicle is near the wheelchair situate stature.
Patients can without much of a stretch move their body weight along a sliding board,
fundamentally a long, thin board of metal base, to move into the car situate. Nonetheless, an
issue emerges when wheelchair patients need to get into a SUV or truck where the seats are
lifted. Normal wheelchair patients weigh around 80-130kg and it is troublesome for them to lift
their own body weight into vehicles where the distinction in situate tallness anyplace up to 24
creeps over the wheelchair stature. We verified that the most critical client necessities of the plan
include wellbeing and convenience. We at that point set target esteems to gauge the client
necessities, for example, weight, most extreme expansion tallness and time required to reach out
to greatest stature. Regardless of these shortcomings, general, our model is great evidence of idea
to demonstrate that the disablers can make a decision without any hesitation to go anywhere as
the wished.

Not to forget that we have most importantly worked as a team and not as individuals in this
projects. All of us have put our hands together in this projects and have successfully tackled all
the problems efficiently. Above all, we would like to thank our Machine Design lecturer, MR.
Rashdan for all the guidance throughout this project.