‫‪-٧ -‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳـﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴــﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟـــﻲ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌــﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘــــﺮﻯ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠـﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴــﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺴــﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻳـﺎﺿﻴـــﺎﺕ‬

‫دراﺳﺔ ﻋﺪدﻳﺔ ﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﳌﻌﺎدﻻت اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔ‬

‫‪@nub¾a@òuŠ†@óÜÇ@Þì—zÜÛ@pbîšbí‹Ûa@áÓ@¶g@ò߇Ôß@òÛbŠ‬‬
‫‪Numerical‬‬ ‫‪Study of a Class of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations‬‬
‫@@‬
‫‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬‬

‫א‪‬‬

‫إﻋــــــﺪاد‬
‫ﺧﻠﻮد ﺑﻨﺖ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻼء اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس أﺑﻮ اﻟﻨﺠﺎ‬
‫ﳏﺎﺿﺮﺓ ﺑﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ – ﻗﺴـﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ ﲟﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺮﻣﺔ‬

‫إﺷـــــﺮاف‬
‫د‪/‬داود ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤــﺎن ﺑﻦ ﻣﺤﻤــﺪ ﻣﺸـــــﺎط‬
‫ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﺑﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ‪ -‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﲜﺪﻩ‬

‫‪1430‬ﻫـ ‪2009 -‬ﻡ‬

-٨ -
 ‫‪-٩ -‬‬

‫ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻃﻪ‪114 :‬‬

 -١٠ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬

 ‫א‬

‫ﭗﺱﹴﺠﺩﰲ ﹶ‬
‫ ﹸ‬٧‫ﺲﺪ‬
‫ﹴﺠﱯ‬٧‫ ﺌﻂﺺ‬٧‫ﭗﺪ‬
٧‫ﳚﺥﱯ‬٧‫ﭗﺩ ﭽ‬
٧‫ ﱡﺡﺱﱭ‬/‫ﮔﺷ‬
‫ﹴﺠﭘ ﹶﱁ‬
 ‫‪-١١ -‬‬

‫َْ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬
‫ﺷﻜــﺮ ﻭﺗﻘ ِﺪﻳــﺮ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺣ ِﻴﻢ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲪﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﺑِﺴ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻢ‬
‫" ﺭﹶﺏِ ﺃَﻭﹾﺯِﻋﹾﻨﹺﻲ ﺃَﻥﹾ ﺃَﺷﹾﻜُﺮﹶ �ﹺﻌﹾﻤﹶﺘَﻚﹶ ﺍﻟﺘﹺﻲ~ ﺃَ�ْﻌﹶﻤﹾﺖﹶ ﻋﹶﻠَﻲﱠ ﻭﹶﻋﹶﻠَﻰ ﻭﹶﺍﻟﹺﺪﹶﻱﱠ ﻭﹶﺃَﻥﹾ ﺃَﻋﹾﻤﹶﻞَ ﺻﹶﺎﻟﹺﺤﹶﺎً ﺗَﺮﹾﺿَﺎﻩﹸ ﻭﹶﺃَﺩﹾﺧﹺﻠْﻨﹺﻲ ﺑِﺮﹶﺣﹾﻤﹶﺘﹺﻚﹶ ﻓﹺﻲ ﻋﹺﺒﹶﺎﺩﹺﻙَ ﺍﻟﺼﹶﺎﻟﹺﺤﹺﲔﹶ "‬
‫)ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻞ‪(١٩:‬‬

‫ﻚ اﻟﺤﻤ ُﺪ‪ :‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳَﻨ َﺒﻐﻲ‬

‫بﻟَ‬
‫ﻢ اﻟﺤﻤ ِﺪ َوَأ ْوﻓَﺎ ُه ‪ ..‬ﺣﻤﺪًا ﻛﺜﲑًا ﻃﻴﺒ ًﺎ ُﻣﺒﺎرﻛ ًﺎ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ َﻛﻤَﺎ ﻳُ ِﺤﺐُ ر َﺑُﻨﺎ وﻳﺮﺿﻰ ؛ ﻳﺎر ِ‬
‫ﷲ ‪َ ،‬أ َﺗ َ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻤ ُﺪ ِ‬
‫ﻢ‬
‫ﻢ " ‪ ،‬و ُﻛ َُﻞ ﻋِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻢ َﻳ ْﻌَﻠ ْ‬
‫ﻢ ا ِﻹﻧْﺴﺎ َن ﻣَﺎﻟ ْ‬
‫ﻢ * ﻋَﻠ َ‬
‫ﻢ ﺑِﺎﻟﻘَﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺖ اﳌُﻌَﻠﻢُ ا َﻷ ْﻛ َﺮمُ ‪ " :‬اﻟ َﺬَي َﻋَﻠ َ‬
‫ﻚ ؛ َﻓ َﺄ ْﻧ َ‬
‫ﻢ ﺳُﻠﻄﺎ ِﻧ َ‬
‫ﻚ ؛ وﻋَﻈﻴ ِ‬
‫ﻟِﺠﻼ ِل وﺟ ِﻬ َ‬
‫ﺖ اﻟﻌَﻠﻴﻢُ اﻟﺤَﻜﻴﻢُ " ‪..‬‬
‫ﻚ َأ ْﻧ َ‬
‫ﻢ ﻟَﻨﺎ إِﻻ ﻣَﺎﻋَﻠ ْﻤﺘَﻨﺂ إِﻧ َ‬
‫ﻚ ﻻ ِﻋ ْﻠ َ‬
‫ﺖ اﳌﻼﺋ َﻜﺔُ ‪ " :‬ﺳُ ْﺒﺤَﺎﻧ َ‬
‫ﻚ َﻣﻌْﻠﻮ ْم ‪ ،‬ﺣ َﺘَﻰ ﻗَﺎﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺻَﺎﻟﺢ ﻧَﺎﻓِﻊ َﻓﻬُﻮ ِﻣ ْﻨ َ‬

‫ﷲ ؛ ِﻟﻮَﺣﻴ ِﻪ وﻫُﺪا ُه ؛‬
‫ﻢ َﺑ ْﻌ َﺪ ا ِ‬
‫ﲑ ﻣُﻌِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻲ اﻟﻬُﺪى‪َ ،‬ﺳ ِﻴ ِﺪﻧَﺎ ﻣُﺤﻤﺪ ؛ ﺧ ِ‬
‫ﲑ اﻟ َﻮرَى و َﻧﺒ ِ‬
‫واﻟﺼﻼ ُة واﻟﺴﻼ ُم ‪ ،‬اﻷَﺗﻤَﺎ ِن اﻷَﻛﻤﻼ ِن ‪ ،‬ﻋَﻠﻰ ﺧ ِ‬
‫ﺻ ْﺤ ِﺒ ِﻪ ‪،‬‬
‫ب ِزدْﻧﻲ ِﻋﻠْﻤ ًﺎ " ‪ ،‬وﻋَﻠﻰ آ ِﻟ ِﻪ ‪ ،‬و َ‬
‫ﻲ ِء ؛ وﻛَﺎ َن ِﻣ ْﻦ دُﻋﺎﺋ ِﻪ اﳌ ْﺄﺛُﻮ ِر ا ِﺗﺒَﺎﻋ ًﺎ ِﻟ ْﻠ َﻤ ْﺄﻣُﻮر ‪َ " :‬ر ِ‬
‫ط ﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﻣِﻦ ﺷ ْ‬
‫اﻟﺬي ﻣَﺎ ﻓَﺮ َ‬
‫َوﻣَﻦ َﺗﺒِﻌﻬُﻢ ﺑَﺈﺣْﺴﺎ ‪‬ن إﻟﻰ ﻳَﻮم اﻟﺪﱢﻳﻦ ‪..‬‬
‫) َأﻣَﺎ ﺑَﻌ ُﺪ( ‪:‬‬
‫ﻢ–‬
‫ﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬ ِه اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟــــ ِﺔ – ُأﻃْﺮوﺣﺘﻲ اﳌﺎﺛﻠــ ِﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸــ ِﺔ واﻟﺘﻘﻮﻳـــ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ﻋﻠ ﱠ‬
‫ﻓَﺈ َن ﻣﻦ ﺗﻤﺎ ِم ﺷُﻜـﺮي ﻧِﻌﻤــــــ َﺔ ا ِ‬
‫ﻲ ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤ ًﺎ وﺗﻔﻬﻴﻤ ًﺎ ؛ وﺗﺪرﻳﺴ ًﺎ وﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴ ًﺎ ؛ وﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤ ًﺎ وﺗﺼﺤﻴﺤ ًﺎ ؛ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ت إﻟ ﱠ‬
‫أن أﺷﻜُ َﺮ ﻳ َﺪ اﻹﻧﻌﺎ ِم واﻹﻛْﺮا ِم ‪ ،‬اﻟﺘﻲ اﻣﺘﺪ ْ‬
‫ف وارﺗﻔ َﻊ ‪ ،‬و َﺗﺰﻛﻰ واﻧﺘﻔ َﻊ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻔﻀ ِﻞ إﺷﺮاﻓ ِﻪ وﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬ ِﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﻄﺎ ٍء ﻣﺒﺬو ‪‬ل ‪ ،‬وﺟُﻬ ٍﺪ‬
‫ﺚ ؛ اﻟﺬي َﺷﺮُ َ‬
‫ت إﻋﺪا ِد اﻟﺒَﺤ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺪى ﺳَﻨﻮا ِ‬
‫ﻒ ‪ ،‬وﺳﻤﺎﺣ ٍﺔ ورﺟﺎﺣ ٍﺔ ؛ ﻻ ﺗُﺤ ُﺪ وﻻ ﺗُﻌ ُﺪ ؛ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﻟ ُﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻌ ِﺔ ﺑﺎ ‪‬ع ‪ ،‬وﻛﺜﺮ ِة‬
‫ﻢ ‪ ،‬وﺳﻌ ِﺔ ﺻﺪ ٍر ﻻ ﺗﻮﺻ ُ‬
‫َﻣﻮْﺻﻮ ِ‪‬ل ‪ ،‬وﺗﻮاﺿُ ‪‬ﻊ ﺟ ِ‬
‫ﺺ أﺑﺪًا ؛ أُﺳﺘﺎذي اﻟﻘﺪِﻳﺮ ﺳَﻌﺎدة اﻟﺪُﻛﺘﻮر‪ ) :‬دَاود ﺑ ِﻦ ﺳُﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﻣُﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫ﺾ ﻣﺪدًا ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﻳﻨ ُﻘ ُ‬
‫ﻢ ؛ ﻻ ﻳﻐﻴ ُ‬
‫ض ِﻋ ْﻠ ‪‬‬
‫اﻃﻼ ‪‬ع ؛ و ُﻓﻴُﻮ ِ‬
‫ك ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺮ ِه وﻋﻤﻠ ِﻪ ؛ وﻳﺰﻳ َﺪ اﻧﺘﻔﺎ َع‬
‫ﲑ اﻟﺠﺰا ِء ؛ وأن ﻳُﺒﺎ ِر َ‬
‫ﷲ أن ﻳﺸﻜُ َﺮ ﻟ ُﻪ ؛ وأن َﻳ ْﺠ ِﺰ َﻳﻪُ – ﻋﻨﻲ – ﺧ َ‬
‫ﻣَﺸﺎط (‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺳﺄ ُل ا َ‬
‫ت ‪..‬‬
‫ت اﻟﺠﻨﺎ ِ‬
‫ت ؛ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬ ِه اﻟﺤﻴﺎ ِة ‪ ،‬وﻓﻲ روﺿﺎ ِ‬
‫ت ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ رﻓﻴ ِﻊ اﻟﺪرﺟﺎ ِ‬
‫ت ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴ ِﻊ اﻷوﻗﺎ ِ‬
‫ﲔ ﺑ ِﻪ واﻟﺒﺎﺣِﺜﺎ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜ َ‬

‫ﻒ ﺑﺜﻨﺎ ِء اﻟﺸُﻜﺮان واﻟﻌِﺮﻓﺎن ؛ وﺻﺎد ِق اﻻﻣﺘﻨﺎ ِن ﻟِﺴﻌﺎد ِة ﻋﻤﻴﺪ ِة ﻛﻠﻴـ ِﺔ اﻟﻌُﻠــﻮم اﻟﺘﻄﺒِﻴﻘﻴـﺔ – ﺑﺠﺎﻣﻌ ِﺔ أ ِم اﻟﻘُﺮى –‬
‫وأﻋﻄ ُ‬
‫ت‬
‫ﻲ (‪ ،‬وﻟﻮﻛﻴﻠ ِﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮرة‪َ ) :‬ﺳﻤﻴﺤﺔ ﻋ ْﺒﺪُاﷲ اﻟ َﻘﺎري ( ‪ ،‬وﻟﺴﻌﺎد ِة وﻛﻴﻠ ِﺔ اﻟﻜُﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮرة‪ ) :‬ﺑَﺴﻤﺔ ﺣﻤﺰَة َﺷﺎﻓِﻌ ِ‬
‫ت اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮرة‪ ) :‬ﻣَﻜﻴﺔ ﺳُﻠﻴﻤﺎن‬
‫ﻢ اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌُﻠﻴﺎ ﺳَﻌﺎدة اﻟﺪَﻛﺘﻮرة‪ ) :‬أﺣْﻼم ﺣَﺴﻦ ﻗَﻤﻠﻮ ( ‪ ،‬وﺷﻜﺮ ﺧﺎص ﻟِﺴﻌﺎد ِة رﺋﻴﺴ ِﺔ ﻗِﺴ ِ‬
‫ﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛ ِﺮ‬
‫ت ﺟﻤﻴ ِﻌ ِﻬ َﻦ ‪ ،‬ﺟﺰﻳ ُﻞ اﻟﺸ ِﻜ ِﺮ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ أُﺳﺠ ُﻞ ؛ وﺟﻠﻴ ُﻞ اﻷﺟ ِﺮ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ أﺳْﺄ ُل ؛ وأﺧ ُ‬
‫ﻲ (‪ ،‬وﻷﺳﺘﺎذاﺗﻲ اﻟﻔُﻀﻠﻴﺎ ِ‬
‫َﻣﻜ ِ‬
‫ﻢ‬
‫ﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺴ ِ‬
‫ﻼ ؛ ﺳﻌﺎد َة اﻟﻜﺘﻮر ِة‪ ) :‬ﻓَﺘﺤﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺘُﻮق ﺑَﻜﺮي ﻋَﺴﺎس ( ؛ وﻟﺠﻤﻴ ِﻊ أﻋﻀﺎ ِء ﻫﻴﺌ ِﺔ اﻟﺘﺪرﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻻ ﺗﻘﻠﻴ ً‬ ‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴ ً‬
‫ك اﻷﻋﻤﺎ َل ‪ ،‬و ُﻳﺼﻠﺢ اﻷﺣﻮا َل ‪ ،‬وﻳُﺤﻘ َﻖ اﻵﻣﺎ َل ؛‬
‫ﷲ أن ُﻳﺒﺎر َ‬
‫ﺐ ‪ ،‬وﺷﻜﺮا ‪‬ن ﻣﺴﺘﺤ ‪‬ﻖ ‪ ..‬ودﻋﺎ ٌء إﻟﻰ ا ِ‬
‫وﺟﻤﺎ َﻋﺘِﻬﺎ ؛ ﻋﺮﻓﺎ ‪‬ن واﺟ ‪‬‬
‫وﻳُﻔ ِﺴ َﺢ اﻵﺟﺎ َل ‪..‬‬

‫ﲔ اﺣﺘﻤﻼ ﻋﻨﺎ َء ﻗﺮاء ِة ر َﺳﺎﻟﺘﻲ ؛ وﺗ َﺠ َﺸﻤَﺎ ﻣﺸﺎ َق‬

‫ﲔ ﻓﺎﺿِﻠ ِ‬
‫ﲔ ؛ وأُﺳﺘﺎذﻳ ِﻦ ﺑﺎ ِر َﻋ ِ‬
‫ﲔ َﻧﺎﺑﻬ ِ‬
‫وﺑﻌ ُﺪ ؛ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺟﺰا ُء َﻋﻠَﻤ ْﻴ ِﻦ َﺟﻠﻴﻠ ِ‬
‫َﺗ ْﺴﺪِﻳ ِﺪﻫَﺎ وﺗﻮﺟﻴ ِﻬﻬَﺎ ‪ :‬ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻤ ًﺎ وﺗﻘﻮﻳﻤ ًﺎ ؛ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺼ ‪‬ﺮ وﺳﺪا ٍد ‪ ،‬وﻧﺼ ‪‬ﺢ وإرﺷﺎ ٍد ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺒﻐﻴﺎ ِن ﻣﻦ ورا ِء ذﻟﻚ وﻻ ﺟﺮاﺋ ِﻪ ؛ إﻻ‬
‫ﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮْﺿﻮﻋﻬﺎ ؛ وﺗﺼﻔﻴ ًﺔ وﺗﻨﻘﻴ ًﺔ ﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺠ ِﻪ وﻣُﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗ ِﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ؛ إﻻ اﻟﺸُﻜ ُﺮ اﻟ ِﺒ ْﻜﺮُ ‪ ،‬واﻟﺜﻨﺎ ُء‬
‫ﺗﻜْﻤﻴﻠﻬﺎ و َﺗﺠْﻤﻴﻠﻬﺎ ؛ ﺧﺪﻣ ًﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠ ِ‬
‫ﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴ ِﻖ ‪،‬‬
‫اﻟ ُﺤ ُﺮ ‪ ،‬ورواﻳ ِﺔ ﻣﺂﺛ ِﺮﻫِﻤﺎ ﻟﻸﺟﻴﺎ ِل ‪ ،‬وﺗﺨﻠﻴ ِﺪ ﺻﻨﻴﻌِﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛ ِﻞ ﺣﺎ ِل ‪ ،‬واﻟﺪُﻋﺎ ُء ﻟﻬُﻤﺎ ﺑِﻤﺰﻳ ِﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴ ِﻖ ‪ ،‬وداﺋ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ﻟﻬُﻤﺎ – ﻻ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ – ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﺎ ِن ﻟﻲ وﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺆﻣﻼ ِن ؛ ﻓﻠﻜُ ِﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻌﺎد ِة اﻷﺳْﺘﺎذ‬
‫وﻣﻠﻴ ِﺢ اﻟﺘﺪﻗﻴ ِﻖ واﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴ ِﻖ ‪ ،‬وأن ﻳﻜﻮ َن ا ُ‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺪَﻛﺘﻮر‪ ) :‬أ ْﺣﻤَﺪ ﺣَﺴﻦ أﺣﻤَﺪ َﻋﻠِﻲ ( ؛ وﺳﻌﺎد ِة اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮ ِر‪ ) :‬ﻋَﺒ ُﺪ اﻟﺮَﺣﻤﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺻَﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺎﺻِﺮ اﻟﻔِﻬﻴﺪ ( ؛ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪﻣ ُ‬
 ‫‪-١٢ -‬‬
‫ب‬
‫ب ‪ ،‬وأن ﻳُﻠﻬﻤﻨﻲ ﺑﲔ َﻳﺪﻳﻬِﻤﺎ اﻟ ِﺤﻜ َﻤﺔ وﻓﺼْﻞ اﻟ ِﺨﻄﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ﻟﻬﻤﺎ اﻟﺜﻮا َ‬
‫ﷲ أن ﻳُﻀﺎ ِﻋ َ‬
‫ﻣﺂﺛﺮ وﻣﻔﺎ ِﺧ َﺮ ؛ وﻋﺮﻓﺎ ‪‬ن واﻣﺘﻨﺎ ‪‬ن ‪ ،‬وأﺳﺄ ُل ا َ‬
‫ﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻨﺎ ُه ؛‬
‫ﲑ ﻗُﻠﻮﺑﻨﺎ و ُدرُوﺑﻨﺎ ؛ وﻳﺮزُﻗﻨﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻴ َ‬
‫ﻢ واﻟﺨ ِ‬
‫ﲑ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠ ِ‬
‫‪ ،‬وأن ﻻ ﻳ ْﺴﻠُﺒﻨﺎ ﻋﻄﺎء ُه ‪ ،‬أو ﻳﺤ ِﺮﻣﻨﺎ ﻧﻌﻤﺎ َءهُ ؛ وأن ﻳُﻨ َ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻰ آﻟ ِﻪ ‪،‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ،‬واﻟﺼﻼ ُة واﻟﺴﻼ ُم ﻋﻠﻰ رﺳﻮ ِل ا ِ‬
‫ﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺪَأ‪ ..‬وإﻟﻴ ِﻪ ﻳﻌﻮ ُد ‪ ..‬واﻟﺤﻤ ُﺪ ِ‬
‫ﷲ‪ ..‬إ ِذ اﻟﻌﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﺼ ًﺎ ﻟﻮﺟ ِﻪ ا ِ‬
‫ﺻﺤ ِﺒﻪ ‪ ،‬و َﻣﻦ واﻻ ْه ‪.‬‬
‫وَ‬

‫اﻟﺒـــﺎﺣِﺜــــــــﺔ‬
‫ُﺧﻠُﻮد ِﺑ ْﻨﺖُ ُﻣ َﺤﻤﱠﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋَﻼ ِء اﻟ ﱢﺪِﻳﻦ َأﺑُﻮ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺠَﺎ‬
-١٣ -
 ‫‪-١٤ -‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔـﻬـــــﺮﺱ‬
‫‪Contents‬‬

‫اﳌـــــــﻮﺿــــﻮع ‪.................................................................................................................‬اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴـــﺔ ‪..............................................................................................................‬ﺃ‪ -‬ﻁ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ‪١ ........................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬

‫ﻓﺌﺔ اﳌﻌﺎدﻻت اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔ‬

‫)‪Class of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations (NPDES‬‬

‫)‪ (١-١‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ‪٧ ...................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫)‪ (٢-١‬ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ‪١٠......................................... 1.1‬‬
‫)‪ (٣-١‬ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ‪٢٣ ...............................................................................................................................‬‬
‫)‪ (٤-١‬ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻭﺕ ﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ‪٢٨ ..............................................................................................‬‬
‫)‪ (٥-١‬ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ‪٣٣ .............................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮاﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮن اﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ اﳌﻌﺎدﻻت اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺰﺋﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔ‬
‫)‪Implicit Crank-Nicolson Scheme for Solving a Class of (NPDES‬‬

‫)‪ (١-٢‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ‪٣٧ .................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫)‪ (٢-٢‬ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ‪٤٢ ...................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫)‪ (٣-٢‬ﺩﻗﺔ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ‪٧٢...........................................................................................‬‬
‫)‪ (٤-٢‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ‪٧٥ ..................................................................................‬‬
‫)‪ (٥-٢‬ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ‪٧٨......................................................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
 ‫‪-١٥ -‬‬

‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ دوﺟﻼس اﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ اﳌﻌﺎدﻻت اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔ‬
‫)‪Implicit Douglas Scheme for Solving a Class of (NPDES‬‬

‫)‪ (١-٣‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ‪١١٣...............................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫)‪ (٢-٣‬ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ‪١١٨................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫)‪ (٣-٣‬ﺩﻗﺔ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ‪١٦٠.........................................................................................................‬‬
‫)‪ (٤-٣‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ‪١٦٤.................................................................................................‬‬
‫)‪ (٥-٣‬ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ‪١٦٨...................................................................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ‬
‫‪Compared Between Numerical Methods‬‬

‫)‪ (١-٤‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ‪٢٠٣ ..............................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫)‪ (٢-٤‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ‪٢٠٤.............................................................................................................‬‬
‫)‪ (٣-٤‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ ‪٢٠٨.............................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫اﳌــﺮاﺟــﻊ ‪٢٠٩.......................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫اﳌﻼﺣــــﻖ‬
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻖ )أ(‪:‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺠﺪاول‪..............................................................................................................................‬ﻱ‪-‬ﻙ‬
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻖ )ب(‪:‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ‪......................................................................................................‬ﻝ‪-‬ﻡ‬

‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟـﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐـﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳــﺔ ‪I-IX ..................................................................................................‬‬

-١٦ -
 -١٧ -

‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬

‫ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻔﺌـﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

:‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬

 1   2  2 1  2 
i  p  21  A1 2 
  B1  1  1  C1 1 2  0 , 
t  x y  


A2
 2 2   2 2
t
 
  B2
 2 2 
2 
  C2  12
 0 ,

 1
 x y 
2 2 xx



  x  ,   y   , t0 , 



،‫ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ 2 ( x, y, t ) ،‫ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬ 1 ( x, y, t ) ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

:‫ﺛﻮﺍﺑﺖ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﲢﻘﻖ ﺃﻥ‬ p , Aj , B j ,C j  j  1 ,2  ‫َﻭ‬

p  0 , B1  0 , C1  0 , C2  0 . 2

:‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ‬
 1  x, y,0  g1  x, y  , 

   x  ,   y  , 3
 2  x , y ,0   g 2  x , y  , 


.‫ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ g 2 ( x, y ) ،‫ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬g1 ( x, y ) ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

:‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺔ‬
 ‫‪-١٨ -‬‬
‫‪ 1  2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪at‬‬ ‫‪x  xL , xR‬‬ ‫‪, t0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪ 1  2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪at‬‬ ‫‪y  yL , yR‬‬ ‫‪, t0‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻭﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻠﺨﻴﺼﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪:‬‬

‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ‪ 1‬ﻣﻮﺿﺤﲔ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ ﰒ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﳍـﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪:‬‬

‫) ‪(12  A1 22 ) (12  B2 22  A2  2‬‬

‫‪ 1  x, y, t   ei f     ei‬‬ ‫‪2 p tanh ‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫) ‪C1C212  B1 (12  B2 22  A2  2‬‬

‫‪ 2  x, y, t   g  ‬‬

‫) ‪C212 (12  A1 22‬‬

‫‪ 2‬‬
‫‪C‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2 p tanh 2  ,‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪1  B2 2  A2 ‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫) ‪C1C21  B1 (1  B2 2  A2 ‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ‪:‬‬

‫‪  k1 x  k2 y   t   0 ,   1 x   2 y   t   0 ,‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪   p 2 12  A1  22   k12  A1 k22  ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪C1 C‬‬
‫‪12  B2  22  A2  2‬‬
‫‪,‬‬

‫‪  2 p  k11  A1 k 2 2  ,‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ‪ 1 , 2 , k1 , k2 ,  ,  ,  0 ,0 ،‬ﺛﻮﺍﺑﺖ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

‫ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻫـﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺳﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴــﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﺤـﺮﻙ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ ﻛﺄﺷﻜﺎﳍـﺎ ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺎﻬﺗـﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎﻬﺗﺎ ﻋﻨـﺪ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪-١٩ -‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻨـﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴـﺔ ﺍﳉـﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴـﺔ ‪ 1‬ﲢﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠـﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻛﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﺰﺍﻳﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ 1 dx dy  constant ,‬‬ ‫‪7 ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ 2 dx dy  constant .‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺣﻔﻆ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻙ‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪  2 1‬‬ ‫‪ 2 1 ‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪   1 x y 1 x y  dx dy  constant‬‬
‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫‪‬‬

‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈـﻢ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻃﺮﻳﻘـﺔ ﻛـﺮﺍﻭﺕ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺪﻣﻨﺎ ﺷﺮﺣﹰﺎ ﻣﻔﺼ ﹰ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﲑﹰﺍ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﻮﺻﻒ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻔﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ ﰲ ﺣﻞ‬

‫ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡـﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻮﻑ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻹﳚﺎﺩ ﺣـﻞ‬

‫ﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ‪. 1‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪:‬‬

‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﱠﰎ ﺍﺷﺘﻘـﺎﻕ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﳊﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ‪ 1‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻃﺮﻳﻘـﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻕ ﺍﶈﺪﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻔﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬

 -٢٠ -

 1  x, y, t   u1  x, y, t   i u2  x, y, t  , 



 2  x , y , t   u3  x , y , t  ,  10


u3 
 u 4  x, y , t  , 
t

.‫ ﺩﻭﺍﻝ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ u j x, y, t  j 1 ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

4

:‫ ؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬1 ‫ ﰲ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬10 ‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ‬


u1
t
  2u
 p  22  A1
 2u 2 
2 
 
 u2 B1 u12  u22  C1u3  0   , 
 x y  


u2
t
  2u  2u 
 
 p  21  A1 21   u1 B1 u12  u22  C1u3  0   ,


 x y  

 11
u3 
 u4  0 , 
t 


u4   2u3  2 u3  
A2   2  B2
t  x y  2 
 C2 u12  u22  xx 0 . 


:‫ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺼﻔﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬11 ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬

U  2U  2U
A  B 2 C  D U   0 , 12
t x  y2

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 u1  1 0 0 0
u  0 1 0 0 
U   2 , A  ,
 u3  0 0 1 0
   
u4  0 0 0 A2 
 -٢١ -

 0 p 0 0  0 p A1 0 0
 p 0 0 0  p A1 0 0 0
B  , C  ,
 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0
   
 0 0 1 0  0 0  B2 0

 D1 u  0 0 0 
 0 D2 u  0 0 
DU    ,
 0 0 D3 u  0 
 
 0 0 0 D4 u 

  
D1 u   u2 B1 u12  u22  C1 u3  ,  
D2 u    u1 B1 u12  u22  C1 u3   ,

D3 u    u4 , 
D4 u   C2 u12  u22 
xx .

‫ﻭﺑﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻕ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬

‫ ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺻـﻴﻐﺔ‬، xl , ym , t n 

:‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬12 ‫ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬-‫ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‬

  
A U ln,m1  U ln,m  r1 U ln11,m  2U ln,m1  U ln11,m  U ln1,m  2U ln,m  U ln1,m 
   
 r2 U ln,m11  2U ln,m1  U ln,m11  U ln,m1  2U ln,m  U ln,m1  k D U l*,m  0 , 13
:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

kB kC U ln, m1  U ln, m

r1  2 , r2  2 , U *
l,m  ,
2h 2h 2

l , m  1, 2 ,  , N , n  0 ,1,, NT .
 ‫‪-٢٢ -‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ‪ 13‬ﻫﻮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻛﺘﻠﻲ ﻏﲑ ﺧﻄﻲ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺄﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻛﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﳊﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﺿﺤﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺛﻨﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ‪ 13‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﲤﻜﻨﱠﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟـﺰﻣﻦ‬

‫) ‪ ،  ( k 2  h 2‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﹰﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬

‫ﻭﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪h‬‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻗﻴﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺧﻄﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫‪k, h‬‬ ‫ﺃﻱ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﳔﺘﺎﺭ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﱴ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﻗ ﹰﺔ ﻭﺛﺒﺎﺗﹰﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪k‬‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﻬﻧﺎﻳﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻧﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴـﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀـﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﲝﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪ 0 , 0 , k , h‬‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﻴﻢ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻱ )ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻧﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﺘﲔ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺗﲔ )ﺳﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻧﲔ( ﳐﺘﻠﻔﱵ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻭﺗﺘﺤﺮﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﲡﺎﻫﲔ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﲔ ﻧﻼﺣـﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻡ‬

‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻣًﹰﺎ ﻣﺮﻧﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻛﺄﺷﻜﺎﳍﺎ ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺎﻬﺗﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎﻬﺗﺎ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ‬

‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻐﲑ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺪﺙ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺟـﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻔـﺮﺩﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺎﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺗﺴﲑ ﰲ ﺍﲡﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻣﹰﺎ ﻣﺮﻧﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﺿـﺢ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉـﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻜـﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ‪. 13‬‬
 -٢٣ -
:‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬1 ‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﱠﰎ ﺍﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﳊﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌـﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬

‫ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻕ‬،‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻕ ﺍﶈﺪﻭﺩﺓ‬

‫ ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬، xl , y m , t n  ‫ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬

:‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬12 ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟـﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬

    
P1 U ln, m1  P2 U ln, m  P3 U ln11,m  U ln11,m  P4 U ln1, m  U ln1, m  P5 U ln, m11  U ln, m11 
  
 P6 U ln, m 1  U ln, m 1  P7 U ln11, m 1  U ln11, m 1  U ln11, m 1  U ln11, m 1 
  
 P8 U ln1, m 1  U ln1, m 1  U ln1, m 1  U ln1, m 1  G U l*, m  0 ,  14

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
5 5  5 5 
P1   A  r1  r2  , P2    A  r1  r2  ,
3 12  3 12 

15  1 5 
P3   A  5 r1  r2  , P4    A  5 r1  r2  ,
6 12  6 12 

1 5  1 5 
P5   A   r1  5 r2  , P6    A   r1  5 r2  ,
6 12  6 12 

1 1  1 1 
P7   A  r1  r2  , P8    A  r1  r2  ,
12 12  12 12 

   25
G U l*, m  k  D U l*, m 5
     
D U l*1, m  D U l*1, m  D U l*, m 1  D U l*, m 1    
 36 72


1
       
D U l*1, m 1  D U l*1, m 1  D U l*1, m 1  D U l*1, m 1  ,  
144 
 ‫‪-٢٤ -‬‬
‫‪kB‬‬ ‫‪kC‬‬ ‫‪U ln, m1  U ln, m‬‬
‫‪r1  2 , r2  2 , U l , m ‬‬
‫*‬
‫‪, l , m  1,2,, N , n  0 ,1,, NT .‬‬
‫‪2h‬‬ ‫‪2h‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺩﺭﺳﻨﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ‪ 14‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﲤﻜﻨﱠﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺛﺒـﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ‬

‫ﺩﻗﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ) ‪ ،  ( k 2  h 4‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﻣﻄﻠﻘًﹰﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺃﻱ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﻭﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ ‪ k‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫‪h‬‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻗﻴﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺧﻄﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫‪k, h‬‬

‫ﳔﺘﺎﺭ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﱴ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﻗ ﹰﺔ ﻭﺛﺒﺎﺗﹰﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﻬﻧﺎﻳﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬

‫‪ ،‬ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻫـﻮ‬ ‫‪ 0 ,0 , k , h‬‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﻴﻢ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐـﲑﺍﺕ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ‬

‫‪. 14‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪:‬‬

‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﱠﰎ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﻠﻨﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬

‫ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﻠﺘﲔ ﱠﰎ ﺍﺷﺘﻘﺎﻗﻬﻤﺎ ﳊﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ‪ 1‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﺻـﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧـﻚ‪-‬‬

‫ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﺍﻟـﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼـﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺴـﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻣــﻦ ﺍﻟـﻼﺯﻡ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴـﺬ‬

‫ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣـﺞ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻵﱄ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤـﻦ ﺍﳉـﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻼﺣﻈـﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﺼـﻴﻐﺔ‬

‫ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﻄﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺪ ﻛﺒﲑ‬
 ‫‪-٢٥ -‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺘﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﺪﻗ ٍﺔ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬

‫ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﻐﺮﻕ ﻭﻗﺘﹰﺎ ﺃﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﺳـﺐ‬

‫ﺍﻵﱄ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧ ﹰﺔ ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻘﻮﺩﻧﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺃﻥ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ‪ 14‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﻗـ ﹰﺔ ﻭﺛﺒﺎﺗﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀـﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ‪ 13‬ﳊـﻞ ﻓﺌـﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ‪. 1‬‬
-٢٦ -
 ‫‪-٢٧ -‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬

‫‪ (Numerical‬ﻫﻮ ﺃﺣـﺪ ﻓﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺔ ﺇﺫ‬ ‫)‪Analysis‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌـﺪﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻵﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺣﻠـﻮﻝ ﺑﻌـﺾ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺣﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬

‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻧﺎﺷﺊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﰲ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺍﳊـﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻘـﺮﻳﱯ‬

‫ﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻭﺗﻘﻮﱘ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﺊ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ )‪ (NPDEs‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿـﻴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﻭﺻﻔﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻇﻬـﺮﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺄﻬﻧﺎ ﲤﺘﻠﻚ ﺣﻠﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬

‫ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺳﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ )‪ (Soliton‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻏـﲑ‬

‫ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ ﻛﺄﺷﻜﺎﳍﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺀ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜـﺎ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺋﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ .‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳـﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳـﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﻌﺐ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺍﳊﻠﻮﻝ‬

‫‪ (Analytical‬ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻮﺀ ﺇﱃ ﻃـﺮﻕ ﻋﺪﺩﻳـﺔ‬ ‫)‪Solutions‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫)‪ (Numerical Methods‬ﻹﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﺍﺕ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪-٢٨ -‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻣﻨـﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﳍﻮ ﺧﲑ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻻ‬

‫ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﺐ‬

‫ﺍﻵﱄ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﳎﻴﺎﺕ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻭﺗﻘﻠﻴـﻞ ﺍﳉﻬـﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴـﺒﺔ‬

‫‪ (Fortran‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﱄ‬ ‫)‪Language‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭﺗﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺪﺭﻬﺗﺎ ﺍﳍﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﺑﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻟﻨﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻭﺃﺩﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺑﺄﺳﺮﻉ ﻭﻗﺖ ﳑﻜﻦ ‪. 33 ,35‬‬

‫ﻭﻬﺗﺪﻑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌـﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴـﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴـﺔ ﻏﲑ‬

‫‪ (Finite‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ‬ ‫)‪Difference Method‬‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻕ ﺍﶈﺪﻭﺩﺓ‬

‫ﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﳊﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﻨﻌﺘﱪ ﻓﺌـﺔ ﺍﳌﻌـﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔـﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪  2 1‬‬ ‫‪ 2 1 ‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ p  2  A1‬‬ ‫‪2 ‬‬
‫‪  B1  1  1  C1 1 2  0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪ x‬‬ ‫‪y ‬‬

‫‪  x ,   y ‬‬ ‫‪, t0 ,‬‬ ‫) ‪(1.a‬‬

‫‪A2‬‬
‫‪ 2 2   2 2‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ B2‬‬
‫‪ 2 2 ‬‬
‫‪2 ‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪  C2  1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪ x‬‬ ‫‪y ‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪xx‬‬

‫‪  x ,   y ‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪t0 ,‬‬ ‫)‪(1.b‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ‪:‬‬

‫) ‪  1 ( x, y, t‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ )‪، (Complex Function‬‬

 -٢٩ -
، (Real Function) ‫ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ 2 ( x, y, t )

:‫ﺛﻮﺍﺑﺖ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﲢﻘﻖ ﺃﻥ‬ p , Aj , B j ,C j  j  1 ,2  ‫َﻭ‬

p  0 , B1  0 , C1  0 , C2  0 ,

: (Initial Conditions) ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ‬

 1  x, y,0  g1  x, y  , 

   x  ,   y  ,
 2  x, y,0  g 2  x, y  , 


.‫ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ g 2 ( x, y ) ، ‫ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬ g 1 ( x, y ) ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

: (Boundary Conditions) ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺔ‬

 1  2
 0 at x  xL , xR , t0 ,
x x

 1  2
 0 at y  yL , yR , t0 .
y y

:‫ ﲢﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬1 ‫ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ‬
 
2
2
 
 
 j dx dy  constant , j  1, 2 .

 
  2 1  2 1 


 i  1 x y  1 x y  dx dy  constant .
 
(3)

:‫ﺍﻵﻥ ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﱢﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﲟﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
 ‫‪-٣٠ -‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺷﺮﻭﺩﳒﺮ ﻏـﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴـﺔ‬ ‫‪Ismail & Al-Bar‬‬ ‫ﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪١٩٩٦‬ﻡ ﻗﺪﱠﻡ‬

‫)‪ (NLSE‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻕ ﺍﶈﺪﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﳊـﻞ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬

‫‪. 11‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﱵ ﺩﺍﰲ‪-‬‬ ‫‪Christophe – Norbert & Hans‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ ﻗﺪﱠﻡ‬

‫ﺳﺘﻴﻮﺍﺭﺗﺴﻮﻥ )‪ (DSES‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﲡﺰﻱﺀ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ )‪ ،(Time Splitting Method‬ﻭﲤﻜﻦ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ‪. 24‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﳊﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﻭﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ ﻗﺪﱠﻡ ‪ Ismail & Al-sayari‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺷـﺮﻭﺩﳒﺮ‬

‫ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ )‪ (NLSEs‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻕ ﺍﶈﺪﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﺪﺩﻳـﺔ‬

‫ﳊﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺳـﺎﺋﻂ ﳐﺘﻠﻔـﺔ‬

‫ﻛﺒﲑ ‪. 30‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﻭﻣﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺪ‬

‫‪ Mashat‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻟـﺰﻭﺝ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﻌـﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬ ‫‪& Al-Da'jani‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ ﻗﺪﱠﻡ‬

‫ﺯﺍﺧﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ )‪ (GZES‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻕ ﺍﶈﺪﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬

‫ﳊﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻂ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﻭﻣﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻣـﻊ ﺍﳋﺼـﺎﺋﺺ‬

‫‪. 34‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺪ ﻛﺒﲑ‬

‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﻹﳚﺎﺩ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﱪ‬

‫ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ‪ 1‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻕ ﺍﶈﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻠﺨﻴﺼﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
 ‫‪-٣١ -‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﱠﰎ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ‪1‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﲝﺎﺙ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ‪ ، 27‬ﻭﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﲢﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘـﺔ‬

‫ﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪(Crout's Method‬‬ ‫ﻼ ﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻭﺕ‬

‫‪ ، 2, 3‬ﰒ ﻗﺪﻣﻨﺎ ﺷﺮﺣﹰﺎ ﻣﻔﺼ ﹰ‬

‫)‪(Newton's Method‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺧﲑﹰﺍ ﻗﺪﻣﻨﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﹰﺎ ﻷﺣﺪ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﻴـﻮﺗﻦ‬

‫ﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﱠﰎ ﺍﺷﺘﻘـﺎﻕ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﳊﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ‪ 1‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬‬

‫ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ )‪ (Implicit Crank-Nicolson Scheme‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻫﻮ ﻧﻈـﺎﻡ‬

‫ﻛﺘﻠﻲ ﻏﲑ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻭﺿﺤﻨﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺣﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﱠﰎ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻬﻧﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺈﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﺃﻳﻨﻤﺎ ﻭﺟﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟـﱵ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﺟﻴﺪﹰﺍ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﺪﻯ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻭﳒﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪:‬‬

‫ﱠﰎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﳊﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ‪ 1‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺻـﻴﻐﺔ‬

‫‪ (Implicit‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻫﻮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻛﺘﻠﻲ ﻏﲑ‬ ‫)‪Douglas Scheme‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ‬
 ‫‪-٣٢ -‬‬
‫ﺧﻄﻲ ﻭﺿﺤﻨﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺣﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﱠﰎ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻫـﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺣﻴـﺚ ﺍﻟﺪﻗـﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻬﻧﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺈﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﺃﻳﻨﻤﺎ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪:‬‬

‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﻣﺎ ﱠﰎ ﺇﳒﺎﺯﻩ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻠﲔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﱠﰎ ﺍﺷـﺘﻘﺎﻗﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ اﻵﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪-١‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﳎﻴﲔ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﲔ ﺑﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭﺗﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻹﳚﺎﺩ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻌـﺪﺩﻱ ﻟﻔﺌـﺔ ﺍﳌﻌـﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ‪ 1‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻠﲔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﻊ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊـﻞ‬

‫ﻭﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﱪﳎﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﺰﺓ )‪ (Maple , Matlab‬ﻹﺟـﺮﺍﺀ ﳏﺎﻛـﺎﺓ ﻋﺪﺩﻳـﺔ ﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳـﺔ‬

‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ‪. 1‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺯﻭﺩﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﱢﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﱠﰎ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
 -٣٣ -



‫ﻓﺌﺔ اﳌﻌﺎدﻻت اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔ‬

Class of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations

(NPDES)
 ‫‪-٣٤ -‬‬

‫‪Introduction‬‬ ‫)‪ (١-١‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬

‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺳﻨﻬﺘﻢ ﺑﺘﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳓﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ ﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﺪﺩﻳـﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ )‪ ،(NPDES‬ﻓﻨﺒﺪﺃ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﺑﺘﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‬

‫ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﰒ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻧﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻃﺮﻳﻘـﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻭﺕ‬

‫ﳊـﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈـﻢ ﺍﳋﻄﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﻴـﺮﹰﺍ ﻧﻘـﺪﻡ ﻭﺻﻔـﹰﺎ ﻟﻄـﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬ ‫)‪(Crout's Method‬‬

‫)‪ (Newton's Method‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﻨﻌﺘﱪ ﻓﺌـﺔ ﺍﳌﻌـﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔـﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪  2 1‬‬ ‫‪ 2 1 ‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪ p  2  A1‬‬ ‫‪2 ‬‬
‫‪  B1  1  1  C1 1 2  0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪ x‬‬ ‫‪y ‬‬
‫‪  x ,   y ‬‬ ‫‪, t0 ,‬‬ ‫) ‪(1.1a‬‬

‫‪A2‬‬
‫‪ 2 2   2 2‬‬
‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ x‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ 2 2 ‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪xx‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪  x ,   y ‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪t0 ,‬‬ ‫)‪(1.1 b‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ‪:‬‬

‫) ‪  1 ( x, y, t‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ )‪، (Complex Function‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ )‪، (Real Function‬‬ ‫) ‪ 2 ( x, y , t‬‬

‫ﺛﻮﺍﺑﺖ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ )‪ (Real Constants‬ﲢﻘﻖ ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫‪p , Aj , B j ,C j‬‬ ‫َﻭ ‪ j  1 ,2 ‬‬

‫‪p  0 , B1  0 , C1  0 , C2  0 ,‬‬
 ‫‪-٣٥ -‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ )‪: (Initial Conditions‬‬
‫‪ 1  x, y,0  g1  x, y ‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪  x ‬‬ ‫‪,   y  ,‬‬
‫‪ 2  x , y ,0   g 2  x , y ‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫) ‪g 2 ( x, y‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ ‪،‬‬ ‫) ‪g 1 ( x, y‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺔ )‪: (Boundary Conditions‬‬

‫‪ 1  2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪at‬‬ ‫‪x  xL , xR‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪t0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ 1  2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪at‬‬ ‫‪y  yL , yR‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪t0‬‬ ‫‪. ‬‬
‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻣﺎ ﳝﻴﺰ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏـﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴـﺔ )‪(1.1‬‬

‫ﺃﻬﻧـﺎ ﲤﺘﻠﻚ ﺣﻠﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺳﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ )‪ (Soliton‬ﻭﺗﻄﻠﻖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻴـﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﳍﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻬﻧﺎ ﺗﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﳏﺎﻓﻈـﺔ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ ﻛﺄﺷﻜﺎﳍﺎ ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺎﻬﺗﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ‪ ، 12 , 22‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻟﻠﺜﻮﺍﺑـﺖ‬

‫ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻴﻎ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴـﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴـﺔ‬ ‫)‪(1.1‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻓﺌـﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬

‫ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ‪:  2 , 7, 23‬‬

‫ﺑﻮﺿـﻊ‪:‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪A1  1‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪B1  ‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪C1  1 ,‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬
‫‪A2  0 ,‬‬ ‫‪B2  A1 ,‬‬ ‫‪C2  2‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
 -٣٦ -
: Davey - Stewartson Equations (DSES) ‫ﺳﺘﻴﻮﺍﺭﺗﺴﻮﻥ‬-‫ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﱵ ﺩﺍﰲ‬

 1 1   2 1  2 1  2 
i    2 
    1  1  1 2  0 , 
t 2   x 2
y  

 1.3

 2  2
 
2 2
  2  1
2
0 . 
x 2
y 2 xx


:‫ﻭﺑﻮﺿﻊ‬

 2  x , y , t    2  x, t  , p 1 , A1  0 , B1  2 , 


 1.4

C1  2 , A2  1 , C2  1 , 

: Generalized Zakharov Equations (GZES) ‫ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﱵ ﺯﺍﺧﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬

 1  2 1 2 
i   2  1  1  2  1 2  0 , 
t x 2

 1.5

 2 2  2 2
t 2

x 2
 1
2
 
xx
0 . 


:‫ﻭﺃﺧﲑﹰﺍ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
 1
 2  x, y , t   0 , 0 , p 1 , A1   , B1  Q , 1.6
x

: Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation (NLSE) ‫ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺷﺮﻭﺩﳒﺮ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ‬

 1  2 1
i 
2
 Q 1 1  0 . 1.7 
t y 2

.‫ﺛﻮﺍﺑﺖ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬  , ,,Q ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 ‫‪-٣٧ -‬‬
‫)‪ (٢-١‬اﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻔﺌﺔ اﳌﻌﺎدﻻت اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔ ‪1.1‬‬

‫)‪Exact Solution of NPDES (1.1‬‬

‫ﻹﳚـﺎﺩ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌـﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴـﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴــﺔ )‪(1.1‬‬

‫ﻧﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ]‪: [27‬‬

‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﻔﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬

‫‪ 1  x, y, t   ei  x, y, t  ,   k1 x  k 2 y   t  0 ,‬‬ ‫‪1.8‬‬

‫ﺛﻮﺍﺑﺖ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪k1 , k 2 ,  , 0‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ ‪  x, y, t ‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ )‪ (1.8‬ﰲ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ )‪ (1.1‬؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌـﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺗﻔﺎﺿـﻠﻴﺔ ﺟﺰﺋﻴـﺔ‬

‫)‪ (PDES‬ﰲ ‪  2 , ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ 2 p  k1‬‬ ‫‪ A1 k 2‬‬ ‫‪0 ,‬‬ ‫‪1.9‬‬
‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪ x‬‬ ‫‪ y ‬‬

‫‪  2‬‬
‫‪p  2  A1‬‬
‫‪ 2 ‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬
‫‪  B1  2  C1 2   p k12  A1 k 22     0 ,‬‬
‫‪2 ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪1.10‬‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪y ‬‬

‫‪ 2 2  2 2‬‬ ‫‪ 2 2‬‬

‫‪A2‬‬
‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬‫‪2‬‬
‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ C2  2‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪xx‬‬ ‫‪0 .‬‬ ‫‪1.11‬‬

‫ﻭﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ‪ 1.11  1.9‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬

‫‪  x, y, t   f   ,‬‬ ‫‪ 2  x, y, t   g   ,    1 x   2 y   t   0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪1.12‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺛﻮﺍﺑﺖ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪, 2 ,  ,  0‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 -٣٨ -

‫ ؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺗﻔـﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬1.11  1.9 ‫( ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬1.12) ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ‬

:‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬g   , f   ‫( ﰲ‬Ordinary Differential Equations) (ODEs)

 
p 12  A1 22 f    B1 f 3 ( )  [ p (k12  A1k 22 )  C1 g ( )   ] f    0 , 1.13

 2
1  
 B2  22  A2  2 g    C212 f 2     0 , 1.14

: ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

d 2 f   d 2 g  
f   , g   ,   2 pk11  A1k2 2  . 1.15
d 2 d 2

:‫( ؛ ﻓﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬1.14) ‫ﻧﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬

 2
1  
 B2  22  A2  2 g ( )  C 2  12 f 2     C~ ,

~
.‫ﻫﻮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬ C ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
~
:‫ ﻭﻧﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ؛ ﻓﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬، C 0 ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻧﻀﻊ‬

C  C2 12 f 2  
g    2 , 1.16
1  B2  22  A2  2

.‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬ C ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

:‫( ؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬1.13) ‫( ﰲ‬1.16) ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ‬

 C1 C2 12  3
 
p 12  A1  22 f     B1  2
   2
  2
f  
 1 B2 2 A2 

 
 2
C1 C
 
 p k12  A1k 22    f    0 . 1.17 
1  B2  2  A2 
2 2

 ‫‪-٣٩ -‬‬

‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎ�ﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ 1.17 ‬ﺳﻨﻔﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺣﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟـﺔ‬ ‫‪f3‬‬ ‫َﻭ‬ ‫‪f ‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﲡﺎﻧﺴﹰﺎ ﺑﲔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ‪ 1.17 ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪:‬‬

‫‪f    a0  a1 F  ‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪a1  0 ,‬‬ ‫‪1.18‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ‪:‬‬

‫ﺛﻮﺍﺑﺖ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭَﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ F  ‬ﲢﻘﻖ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺗﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺧﻄﻴﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒـﺔ‬ ‫‪a 0 , a1‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪:‬‬

‫‪F 2    qo  q2 F 2    q4 F 4  ‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪1.19‬‬

‫ﺛﻮﺍﺑﺖ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪qo , q 2 , q 4‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

‫‪ (Branch‬ﳊﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )‪ (1.19‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫـﺬﺍ ﺍﳊـﻞ‬ ‫)‪Points‬‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻋﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺣﻴـﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﳝﻜـﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨـﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻔﻜـﻮﻙ ﻣﺘﺴﻠﺴـﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻘـﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻬﻴـﺔ‬

‫ﻼ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟـﺔ )‪،(1.19‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ F  ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﺜﻞ ﺣ ﹰ‬ ‫)‪(Finite Power Series Expansion‬‬

‫ﻓﺒﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ )‪ (1.18‬ﰲ )‪ (1.17‬ﺳﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ )‪ (1.17‬ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬

‫ﰲ ‪ ، F  ‬ﰒ ﲟﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮ ﺳﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳎﻤﻮﻋـﺔ ﻣـﻦ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪:‬‬ ‫‪a 0 , a1 ,  1 ,  2 , k1 , k 2 , ‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﳉﱪﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺍﺑﺖ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬

 -٤٠ -
 C1 C2 12  3
F 0 :  B1  2 a
2  0
  1  B 
2 2
2
 A2  

 
 2
C1 C
 
 p k12  A1 k 22    a0  0 , 1.20
1  B2  2  A2 
2 2


 C1 C2 12  2
F1 : 3  B1  2  a a  p (12  A1  22 ) a1 q2
2  0 1
 1  B2  2  A2  
2

 
 2
C1 C
 p k1
2
 A1 k 2
2   
 a1  0 , 1.21
1  B2  2  A2 
2 2


 C1 C2 12 
2
F : 3  B1  2  a a2  0 ,
2  0 1
1.22
 1  B2  2  A2  
2

 C1 C2 12  3

F :  B1  2
3
2  1
1  B2  2  A2  
2

 a  2 p 12  A1  22 a1 q4  0 .  1.23


:‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬

:‫ ؛ ﻓﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬1.23  1.20 ‫ﳓﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﳉﱪﻳﺔ‬

( 12  A1  22 ) (12  B2  22  A2  2 )
a0  0 , a1   2 p q4 , 1.24
C1 C2 12  B1 ( 12  B2  22  A2  2 )


  p 12  A1  22  q2  k12  A1 k 22    C1 C
  B2  22  A2  2
2
, 1.25
1

  2 p k11  A1 k2 2  . 1.26

 ‫‪-٤١ -‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ‪ 1.26  1.24‬ﰲ ‪ 1.18‬ﻭﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ‪ 1.16 ، 1.12 ، 1.8‬؛‬

‫ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ‪: 1.1‬‬

‫) ‪(12  A1 22 ) (12  B2 22  A2  2‬‬

‫‪ 1 x, y, t   e f     e‬‬
‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪2 pq4 F   ,‬‬ ‫‪1.27 ‬‬
‫) ‪C1C212  B1 (12  B2 22  A2  2‬‬

‫‪ 2  x, y, t   g  ‬‬
‫) ‪C2 12 (12  A1  22‬‬
‫‪2 pq4 F 2   ,‬‬
‫‪C‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪12  B2 22  A2  2‬‬ ‫) ‪C1C21  B1 (1  B2 2  A2 ‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1.28‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ‪:‬‬

‫‪  k1 x  k2 y   t   0‬‬ ‫‪,   1 x   2 y   t   0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫‪C‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪  p 12  A1  22  q2  k12  A1 k22  ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪C1 C‬‬
‫‪  B2  22  A2  2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫‪1‬‬

‫‪  2 p k11  A1 k2 2 ‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬

‫َﻭ ‪ F  ‬ﲢﻘﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ‪. 1.19‬‬

‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪ F  ‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟـﺔ‬ ‫‪qo , q 2 , q 4‬‬ ‫ﳓﺪﺩ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺍﺑﺖ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬

‫‪، (Jacobi‬‬ ‫)‪Elliptic Functions‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ‪ 1.19‬ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﺩﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﳉﺎﻛﻮﰊ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟـﺔ ‪ F  ‬ﰲ‬ ‫‪qo , q 2 , q 4‬‬ ‫ﻭﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 1 1‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺍﺑﺖ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ‪ 1.19‬ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﺩﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﳉﺎﻛﻮﰊ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

 -٤٢ -

1 1 ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬

q0 q2 q4 F  2  q0  q2 F 2  q4 F 4 F

cn
1  1  m 2  m2 F  2  1  F 2 1  m 2 F 2  sn , cd 
dn

1 m2 2m 2  1  m2 F  2  1  F 2 m 2 F 2  1  m 2  cn

m2 1 2  m2 1 F  2  1  F 2 F 2  m 2  1 dn

m2  1  m 2  1 F  2  1  F 2 m 2  F 2  dn
, dc  ns  sn 
1

cn

 m2 2m 2  1 1 m2 F  2  1  F 2  m 2  1F 2  m 2  nc  cn 

1

1 2  m2 m2 1 F  2  1  F 2  1  m 2 F 2  1 nd  dn 

1

sn
1 2  m2 1 m2 F  2  1  F 2  1  m 2 F 2  1 sc 
cn

sn
1 2m 2  1  m 2 1  m 2  F  2  1  m 2 F 2  1  m 2  1F 2  sd 
dn

cn
1 m2 2  m2 1  
F 2  1  F 2 F 2  1  m 2  cs 
sn

F 2  q0  q2 F 2  q4 F 4 ‫ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬F   ‫ ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬q 0 , q 2 , q 4 ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺍﺑﺖ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬

 ‫‪-٤٣ -‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 1 1‬ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻟﻠﺜﻮﺍﺑـﺖ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻴـﺔ‬

‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ‪ 1.19‬ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪، F  ‬‬ ‫‪qo , q 2 , q 4‬‬

‫ﰒ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ‪ 1.1‬ﻭﺍﳌﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻌـﺎﺩﻟﺘﲔ‬

‫ﻼ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻨﺮﻯ ﺍﻵﻥ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 1.28, 1.27 ‬ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺣ ﹰ‬

‫ﻓﺈﻥ ‪ F    sn ‬؛ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﳓﺼـﻞ‬ ‫‪q0  1 , q2  (1  m 2 ) , q4  m 2‬‬ ‫ﻼ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬

‫ﻓﻤﺜ ﹰ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ‪:‬‬

‫) ‪(12  A1 22 ) (12  B2 22  A2  2‬‬

‫‪ 1  x, y , t   e i f     me i‬‬ ‫‪2 p sn  ,‬‬ ‫‪1.29‬‬
‫) ‪C1C212  B1 (12  B2 22  A2  2‬‬

‫‪ 2  x, y, t   g  ‬‬

‫) ‪C212 (12  A1  22‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪C‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2 p m 2 sn 2  ,‬‬ ‫‪1.30‬‬
‫‪12  B2 22  A2  2‬‬ ‫) ‪C1C21  B1 (1  B2 2  A2 ‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ‪:‬‬

‫‪  k1 x  k 2 y   t  0 ,   1 x   2 y  2 p k11  A1 k 2 2 t   0 ,‬‬

‫‪َ    p   12  A1  22 1  m 2   k12  A1 k 22   ‬ﻭ ‪m‬‬

‫‪C1 C‬‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫‪  B2  22  A2  2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻛﻮﰊ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺼﻴﺔ‬

‫)‪.(Modulus of the Jacobi Elliptic Function‬‬

‫ﻓﻌﻨﺪﻣﺎ ‪ m  1‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪ ، sn   tanh ‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﲔ ‪ 1.30, 1.29‬ﺣﻠـﻮ ﹰﻻ‬

‫ﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ‪ 1.1‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(Solitary Wave Solutions‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬

 -٤٤ -

(12  A1 22 ) (12  B2 22  A2  2 )

 1  x, y, t   e f     e
i i
2 p tanh  , 1.31
C1C212  B1 (12  B2 22  A2  2 )

 2  x, y, t   g  

C212 (12  A1  22 )

C
 2 p tanh 2  , 1.32
12  B2 22  A2  2 C1C212  B1 (12  B2 22  A2  2 )

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

  k1 x  k 2 y   t  0 ,   1 x   2 y  2 pk11  A1k 2 2 t   0 ,

   p 2  12  A1  22   k12  A1 k 22   
C1 C
.
 12  B2  22  A2  2

‫؛ ﻭﳓﺼـﻞ‬ F    cn  ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ q0  1  m 2 , q 2  2m 2  1 , q 4   m 2 ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬

:‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬

(12  A1 22 ) (12  B2 22  A2  2 )

 1  x, y, t   ei f     ei 2 p ( m 2 ) cn  , 1.33
C1C21  B1 (1  B2 2  A2  )
2 2 2 2

 2  x, y, t   g  

C212 (12  A1  22 )

C
 2 p ( m 2 ) cn 2  , 1.34
12  B2 22  A2  2 C1C21  B1 (1  B2 2  A2  )
2 2 2 2

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
 -٤٥ -

  k1 x  k 2 y   t  0 ,   1 x   2 y  2 pk11  A1k 2 2 t   0 ,


  p 12  A1  22 2m 2  1  k12  A1 k22    C1 C
  B2  22  A2  2
2
.
1

:‫ ؛ ﻭﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬F    dn  ‫ ﻓﺈﻥ‬q0  m 2  1 , q2  2  m 2 , q4  1 ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬

(12  A1 22 ) (12  B2 22  A2  2 )

 1  x, y, t   e f     e
i i
 2 p dn  , 1.35
C1C212  B1 (12  B2 22  A2  2 )

 2  x, y, t   g  

C212 ( 12  A1  22 )

C
 2 p dn 2  , 1.36
12  B2 22  A2  2 C1C212  B1 (12  B2 22  A2  2 )

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

  k1 x  k 2 y   t   0 ,   1 x   2 y  2 pk11  A1k 2 2 t   0 ,


  p 12  A1  22 2  m 2   k12  A1 k 22    C1 C
  B2  22  A2  2
2
.
1

‫ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘـﺎﱄ ﺗﺼـﺒﺢ ﺍﳌﻌـﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬، cn  , dn  sech  ‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣـﻦ‬ m 1 ‫ﻓﻌﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

:‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬1.1 ‫ ﺣﻠﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬1.36, 1.35, 1.34, 1.33
 ‫‪-٤٦ -‬‬

‫) ‪(12  A1 22 ) (12  B2 22  A2  2‬‬

‫‪ 1  x, y, t   e f     e‬‬
‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2 p sech  ,‬‬ ‫‪1.37 ‬‬
‫) ‪C1C212  B1 (12  B2 22  A2  2‬‬

‫‪ 2  x, y, t   g  ‬‬
‫) ‪C212 (12  A1  22‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪C‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2 p sech 2 ‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪1.38‬‬
‫‪12  B2 22  A2  2‬‬ ‫) ‪C1C212  B1 (12  B2 22  A2  2‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ‪:‬‬

‫‪  k1 x  k 2 y   t  0 ,   1 x   2 y  2 pk11  A1 k 2 2 t   0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪  p 12  A1  22   k12  A1 k22  ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪C1 C‬‬
‫‪12  B2  22  A2  2‬‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺈﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 1 1‬ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺰﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻦ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻠﻮﻝ ﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ‪. 1.1‬‬

‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ‪ 1.7 , 1.5, 1.3‬ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﳍﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬اﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﳌﻌﺎدﻟﺘﻲ داﻓﻲ‪-‬ﺳﺘﻴﻮارﺗﺴﻮن )‪: (DSEs‬‬

‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﲔ )‪ (1.28) ، (1.27‬؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬ ‫)‪(1.2‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﱵ ﺩﺍﰲ‪-‬ﺳﺘﻴﻮﺍﺭﺗﺴﻮﻥ )‪ (DSEs) (1.3‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪:‬‬

 -٤٧ -

12   22 12   22
 1  x, y, t   e f     e
i i
q4 F   , q4  0 , 1.39
 

 2  x, y, t   g     2 12 q4 F 2   1.40
C
,
  2
2
1
2

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
  k1 x  k 2 y   t  0 ,   1 x   2 y  k11  k 2 2 t   0 ,


1
2
  
12   22 q2  k12  k 22  2
C
1   22
 .

. (1.19) ‫ ﲢﻘﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬F   ‫َﻭ‬

‫ ؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬1.32 ، 1.31 ‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﲔ‬ (1.2) ‫ﰒ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ‬

:‫( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬DSEs) (1.3) ‫ﺳﺘﻴﻮﺍﺭﺗﺴﻮﻥ‬-‫ﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﱵ ﺩﺍﰲ‬

12   22 12   22
 1  x, y, t   ei f     ei tanh  , 0 , 1.41
 

 2  x, y, t   g    1.42
C
 2 12 tanh 2 ,
  2
2
1
2

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
  k1 x  k 2 y   t  0 ,   1 x   2 y  k11  k 2 2 t   0 ,


1
2
   
2 12   22  k12  k 22    2
C
  22
.
1
 ‫‪-٤٨ -‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﳌﻌﺎدﻟﺘﻲ زاﺧﺮوف اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ )‪: (GZEs‬‬

‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﲔ )‪ (1.28) ، (1.27‬؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﺼـﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣـﺔ‬ ‫)‪(1.4‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(1.5) (GZEs‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﱵ ﺯﺍﺧﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬

‫‪4 k12  1‬‬

‫‪ 1 x, t   e f     1 e‬‬
‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪q4 F  ‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪1.43‬‬
‫)‪1   (4k12  1‬‬

‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪ 2 x, t   g    2 2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪q4 F 2  ‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪1.44‬‬
‫)‪1 (4k1  1) 1   (4k1  1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ‪:‬‬

‫ﲢﻘﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬ ‫‪k1‬‬

‫‪(4k12  1) [1   (4k12  1) ] q4  0 ,‬‬

‫‪  k1 x   t   0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪  1 x  2k11 t   0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬

‫‪2C‬‬
‫‪  12 q2  k12 ‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫)‪12 ( 4k12  1‬‬

‫َﻭ ‪ F  ‬ﲢﻘﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ )‪. (1.19‬‬

‫ﰒ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ ‪ 1.4‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﲔ ‪ 1.32 ، 1.31‬؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(1.5) (GZEs‬‬ ‫ﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﱵ ﺯﺍﺧﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬

 -٤٩ -

4 k12  1
 1  x, t   ei f     1 ei tanh , 1.45
1   (4k12  1)

(4k12  1) [1   (4k12  1) ]  0 ,

C 12
 2  x, t   g     tanh 2 , 1.46
1 (4k1  1) 1   (4k1  1)
2 2 2

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

  k1 x   t  0 ,   1 x  2k11 t   0 ,

2C
  212  k12  .
 (4k12  1)
2
1

: (NLSE) ‫ اﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﳌﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﺷﺮودﻧﺠﺮ ﻏﲑ اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔ‬-٣

‫؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼـﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣـﺔ‬ (1.28) ، (1.27) ‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﲔ‬ (1.6) ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ‬

:‫( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬NLSE (1.5) ) ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺷﺮﻭﺩﳒﺮ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ‬

P  22
i
 1 ( y, t )  e f ( )   e i
 2q4 F ( ) , P Q q4  0 , 1.47 
Q

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

  k2 y   t  0 ,    2 y   t  0 ,

  P  22 q2  k 22  ,   2 k 2  2 ,
 ‫‪-٥٠ -‬‬

‫َﻭ ‪ F  ‬ﲢﻘﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ )‪. (1.19‬‬

‫ﰒ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ ‪ 1.6‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﲔ ‪ 1.32 ، 1.31‬؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺷﺮﻭﺩﳒﺮ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ) )‪ (NLSE (1.5‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪:‬‬

‫‪P 22‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ 1 ( y, t )  e f ( )   e‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪tanh ‬‬ ‫‪, PQ  0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪1.48‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ‪:‬‬

‫‪  k 2 y  P 2 22  k 22  t  0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪   2 y  2k 2  2 t   0‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

 ‫‪-٥١ -‬‬

‫‪Conserved Quantities‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣-١‬اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﻯ ﳒﺎﺡ ﻭﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﲤﺜﻴـﻞ‬

‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣـﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳـﺔ ﺍﻟـﱵ ﱠﰎ ﺍﺷـﺘﻘﺎﻗﻬﺎ ﺗﺼـﻒ ﺍﳌﻌـﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ ﺟﻴـﺪ‬

‫‪. 13 , 25, 29, 30‬‬

‫)‪(1.1‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺳﻮﻑ ﻧﺜﺒﺖ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﹰﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏـﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴـﺔ‬

‫ﲢﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻭﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻛﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﺰﺍﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪Mass Conservation‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ 1 dx dy  constant ,‬‬ ‫‪1.49‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ 2 dx dy  constant .‬‬ ‫‪1.50‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪Momentum Conservation‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﺣﻔﻆ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻙ‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪  2 1‬‬ ‫‪ 2 1 ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 1‬‬
‫‪ x y‬‬
‫‪ 1‬‬
‫‪x y ‬‬
‫‪ dx dy  constant‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(1.51‬‬

‫اﻹﺛﺒﺎت‪:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ‪ 1.1‬ﲢﻘﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ 1.49‬ﻧﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻵﰐ‪:‬‬

 -٥٢ -

: ‫ ؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬x, y ‫ ﰒ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟـ‬،  ‫( ﺑـ‬1.1a) ‫ﻧﻀﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬

1

   
 1   2 1  2 1 
i  
 
t
 1 dxdy  p 



 2  A1
  x  y
  dxdy
2  1


   
 B1   1
2
 1 1 dxdy  C1    1 2  1 dxdy  0 , 1.52
   

:(1.1a) ‫( ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬Complex Conjugate) ‫ﻧﻮﺟﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺐ‬

 1   2 1  2 1 
i  p   A1 2 
2
  B1  1  1  C1 1 2  0 , 1.53
t  x
2
y 

:‫ ؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬x, y ‫ ﰒ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟـ‬،  ‫ﺍﻵﻥ ﻧﻀﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺑـ‬
1

   
 1   2 1  2 1 
i  
 
t
 1 dxdy  p 

    x 2  A1  y 2   1 dxdy


   
 B1    1  1 1 dxdy  C1 
2
  1 1 2 dxdy  0 , 1.54
   

‫ ﻭﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﻬﺗﺎ ﺗـﺆﻭﻝ‬1.1 ‫ﲟﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ‬

:‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮ ﻓﺈﻥ‬

    2     2
 2 1  1  2 1 
   x 2 1 dxdy     x dxdy ,    x 2  1 dxdy     x1 dxdy .
 -٥٣ -

    2     2
 2 1  1  2 1  1
   y 2  1 dxdy     y dxdy ,    1 dxdy   
y
dxdy .
   y
2
     

     

   1    1    1

2 2 2 4
 1  1 dxdy   1 dxdy  dxdy .

       

  2  1 1 dxdy     1 1 2 dxdy  
2 2
 1  2 dxdy ,  1  2 dxdy.
       

:‫ ﰒ ﲜﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﲔ ؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬، (1.54) , (1.52) ‫ﺍﻵﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﰲ‬

 
  1  
i  
 

 t
 1  1  1  dxdy  0
t 

 

i    1  1  dxdy  0
 
t

 

 t  
2
i  1 dxdy  0


 
  
2
 1 dxdy  constant . 1.55
 

(1.1b) ‫ﻧﻀـﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟـﺔ‬ (1.50) ‫ﲢﻘﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ (1.1) ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬

:‫ ﻭﻧﺘﺒﻊ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ؛ ﻓﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ 2 ‫ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻓﻘﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺐ ﺑـ‬ 2 ‫ﺑـ‬
 

 
2
 2 dxdy  constant . (1.56)
 
 -٥٤ -

.‫ﲢﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬ (1.1) ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺃﻥ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ‬

:‫ ﻧﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻵﰐ‬1.51 ‫ﲢﻘﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ (1.1) ‫ ﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬-٢

 2 1  2 1
‫ﰒ ﳒﻤـﻊ ﺍﳌﻌـﺎﺩﻟﺘﲔ‬ ‫ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺐ ﳍﺎ ﺑـ‬، ‫ ﺑـ‬1.1a  ‫ﻧﻀﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬
xy xy

:‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺘﲔ ؛ ﻓﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

  2 1  1  2 1  1    2 1  2 1   2 1   2 1  2 1   2 1 
i    p 
 2  A1

2 
 
 x 2  A1

2  
 x y t x y t    x  y  x y   y  x y 

  2 1  2 1    2 1  2 1 
 B1  1
2
 1  1   C1  1 2   1 2 0 , 1.57 
 x y x y   xy xy 

‫ ﰒ ﻧﻀـﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟـﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬، x, y ‫ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺐ ﳍﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟـ‬1.1a  ‫ﻧﻔﺎﺿﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬

:‫ ؛ ﻓﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺑـ‬

1 1

i 1
 3 1
x y t
  4
 p 1  3 1  A1
 4 1 
3
 B 
1 1
2
xy
2
1 1   

 x y x y  


2 
 C1 1  1  2   0 , 
xy

 1.58

 i 1
 3 1
x y t
  4
 p 1  3 1  A1
 4 1 
3
 B 
1 1
2
xy
2
1 1   

 x y x y 


2 
 C1 1  1  2   0 . 
xy 
 -٥٥ -

:‫ ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ‬،‫ﲜﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺘﲔ‬

  3 1  3 1     4 1  4 1    4 1  4 1 
i   1   p  
 1 3  A1 
3
  
1  A1 
3 
 x  y  t x  y t    x y x y   x 3
y x y 


 B1  1
2

2
 1  1  1 2 2 
1 1   
 xy xy 

 2 
 1  2   1   1  2   0 ,
2
 C1  1 1.59
 xy xy 

‫ﻣـﻊ ﺍﻷﺧـﺬ ﰲ‬ x , y ‫ﻟـ‬ ‫ ﰒ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬، 1.57  ‫ ﻣﻦ‬1.59 ‫ﺑﻄﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬

‫ ﻭﻣﺸـﺘﻘﺎﻬﺗﺎ‬1.1 ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ‬

:‫ﺗﺆﻭﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮ؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

 
   2 1  2 1 
1.60
 t   i  1  1  dx dy  0 ,
  xy xy 

:‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
 
  2 1  2 1 
  i  1  1  dx dy  constant . 1.61
   xy xy 

.‫ ﲢﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻙ‬1.1 ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺃﻥ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ‬
 ‫‪-٥٦ -‬‬

‫)‪ (٤-١‬ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻛﺮاوت ﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔ‬

‫‪Crout's Method for Solving Linear Systems‬‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ ﻣـﻦ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ( ﺗﺆﻭﻝ ﺇﱃ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌـﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬

‫ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺼـﻞ‬

‫ﺳﻨﻮﺿﺢ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻭﺕ ﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ‪. 1, 5 ,16, 28 , 31 ‬‬

‫ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻛﺘﻠﻲ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ n  n ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪:‬‬

‫‪ a11 a12‬‬ ‫‪a13‬‬ ‫‪  a1n ‬‬ ‫‪ x1 ‬‬ ‫‪ y1 ‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪a24  a2 n ‬‬ ‫‪x ‬‬ ‫‪ y ‬‬
‫‪ 21 a22‬‬ ‫‪a23‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ 2 ‬‬
‫‪ a31 a32‬‬ ‫‪a33‬‬ ‫‪a34  a3n ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ xn 1 ‬‬ ‫‪ yn 1 ‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ an1 an 2‬‬ ‫‪an 3‬‬ ‫‪an 4  ann ‬‬ ‫‪ xn ‬‬ ‫‪ yn ‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪Ax y ,‬‬ ‫‪1.62‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ‪ n  n ‬ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﻫﺎ ‪  aij in, j 1‬ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺎﺕ ‪، m  m ‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﺠﻬﺎﻥ ‪ n 1‬ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﳘﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﻬﺎﺕ ‪  xi in1 ,  yi in1‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪. m 1‬‬ ‫‪x,y‬‬

 ‫‪-٥٧ -‬‬

‫ﻏﲑ ﺷﺎﺫﺓ )ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ( ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪:‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ‬

‫‪A  LU‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪1.63‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺜﻠﺜﻴﺔ ﺳﻔﻠﻴﺔ )‪، (Lower Triangular Matrix‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(Upper Triangular Matrix‬‬ ‫‪ U‬ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺜﻠﺜﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬

‫ﰲ ‪ 1.62‬؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(1.63‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ‬

‫‪LU x  y‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪1.64‬‬

‫ﳓﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﺜﻠﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪:‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫ﻭﻹﳚﺎﺩ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﻪ‬

‫‪Lz  y‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪1.65‬‬

‫‪Ux z‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪1.66‬‬

‫ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄـﻮﺗﲔ‬ ‫)‪(1.62‬‬ ‫ﳑﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺗﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻭﺕ ﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﻲ ﺍﳋﻄـﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪:‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ‬

 -٥٨ -

l11 0  
0  I u12  u1n 
l  0 I 
l22    
A  LU     1.67 
21
.
   
0     u( n 1) n 
   
ln1 ln 2  ln n  0  0 I 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

، m  m  ‫( ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ‬Identity Matrix) ‫ﻫﻲ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬ I

. m  m  ‫( ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ‬Zero Matrix) ‫ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮﻳﺔ‬ 0

:‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬ L ,U ‫ﻧﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﳌﺼﻔﻮﻓﺘﲔ‬

:‫ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ‬
n j 1 n
aij   lik ukj   lik u kj  lij u jj   1l ik u kj , i , j  1, 2 ,  , n , 1.68
k 1 k 1 k j

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

u jj  I , j  1, 2 ,  , n . 

 1.69
u kj  0 , k j . 


: L ‫ ؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﳌﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ‬1.69 ، 1.68 ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﲔ‬

j 1
i , j  1, 2 ,  , n . 1.70 lij  aij   lik ukj ,
k 1
 -٥٩ -

: U ‫ﻭﻹﳚﺎﺩ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﳌﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ‬

i 1 n n
  lik ukj  lii uij   lik ukj , i , j  1, 2 ,  , n , 1.71 aij   lik u kj
k 1 k  i 1 k 1

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

lik  0 ,  i  k . 1.72

:‫ ؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬1.72, 1.71 ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﲔ‬

i 1
aij   lik ukj  lii uij , 1.73
k 1

: U ‫ ؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﳌﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ‬1.73 ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬

 i 1

i , j  1, 2 ,  , n . 1.74 uij  l 1
ii  aij   lik u kj  ,
 k 1 

:‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎ�ﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻟﻸﻣﺎﻡ‬ z ‫ ﻹﳚﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﻪ‬1.65 ‫ﳓﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺜﻠﺜﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬

:(Forward Substitution Process)

n i 1 n
yi   lik zk   lik zk  lii zi   lik zk , i  1,2, , n. 1.75
k 1 k 1 k  i 1

:‫ ؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬1.75 ، 1.72 ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﲔ‬

 -٦٠ -

i 1
yi   lik zk  lii zi ,
k 1

: z ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﻪ‬

z1  l111 y1 , 



 1.76

 i 1

zi  lii1  yi   lik zk  , i  2 , 3 ,, n .
 k 1  

‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻟﻠﺨﻠـﻒ‬ x ‫ ﻹﳚﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﻪ‬1.66 ‫ﰒ ﳓﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺜﻠﺜﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬

:(Backward Substitution Process)

n i 1 n
zi   uik xk   uik xk  uii xi  u ik xk , i  1, 2 ,, n. 1.77 
k 1 k 1 k  i 1

:‫ ؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬1.69 ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬

n
zi  xi  u ik xk , i  1, 2 ,, n. 1.78
k  i 1

: x ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﻪ‬

xn  z n , 


1.79 
n 
xi  zi  u
k  i 1
ik xk , i  n  1, n  2 ,,1. 


. 1.62 ‫ﻭﻬﺑﺬﺍ ﻳﻜﺘﻤﻞ ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﻲ ﺍﳋﻄﻲ‬

 ‫‪-٦١ -‬‬

‫)‪ (٥-١‬ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﻏﲑ اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔ‬

‫‪Newton's Method for Solving Nonlinear Systems‬‬

‫ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻬﻨﺎ ﻧﻈﻢ ﻏﲑ ﺧﻄﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﻳﺼﻌﺐ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺍﳊﻠـﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﻨــﺎﻙ ﻃـﺮﻕ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭﻳـﺔ‬

‫‪ (Iterative‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣـﻬﺎ ﻹﳚﺎﺩ ﺍﳊﻠـﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻈـﻢ ﺃﳘﻬـﺎ‬ ‫)‪Methods‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﳝـﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ‪:  5 , 8 ,10 ,14 ,17 ‬‬

‫ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬

‫‪f1  x1 , x2 ,, xn   0 ,‬‬

‫‪f 2  x1 , x2 ,, xn   0 ,‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪f n  x1 , x2 ,, xn   0 .‬‬ ‫)‪(1.80‬‬

‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫‪n‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫‪n‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫)‪(1.80‬‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﲤﺜﻴﻞ ﺑﺪﻳﻞ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫‪Rn‬‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫‪Rn‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺎﻫﻴﻞ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬

‫‪F  x    f1  x1 , x2 ,, xn  , f 2  x1 , x2 ,, xn  , ‬‬ ‫‪, f n  x1 , x2 ,, xn  ‬‬

‫‪t‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫)‪(1.81‬‬

‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(1.81‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬

‫‪F x   0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪1.82‬‬

 ‫‪-٦٢ -‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ‪:‬‬

‫‪ f1  x1 , x2 ,, xn  ‬‬ ‫‪0 ‬‬

‫‪ f  x , x ,, x ‬‬ ‫‪0 ‬‬
‫‪ 2 1 2‬‬ ‫‪n ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪F x   ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪   ‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪1.83‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ f n  x1 , x2 ,, xn ‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﱠﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﻟـ ‪ F‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺩﻭﺍﻝ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ‬ ‫‪f1 , f 2 ,, f n‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ‬

‫ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮﻱ )‪. (n  1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪x  x1 , x 2 ,, x n ‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪،‬‬

‫ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﻧﻔﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ ‪ ‬ﻫﻮ ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻲ ‪ 1.83‬ﺣﻴﺚ‪:‬‬

‫‪1 ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪   2‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ n ‬‬

‫‪x(k )  ‬‬ ‫ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳﻜـﻮﻥ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﺣﻞ ﻓﺮﺿﻲ ﻣﻌﻄﻰ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺟﻴﺪ ﻟﻠﺤﻞ‬ ‫‪x k ‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬

‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ‪.‬‬

‫؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‪:‬‬ ‫‪x k ‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺗﻴﻠﻮﺭ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﺍﻝ ‪ F x ‬ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﻪ‬

‫‪    x  x     ‬‬
‫‪F  x   F x k   J x k ‬‬ ‫‪k‬‬
‫‪x  x k ‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ ,‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ k 0 .‬‬ ‫‪1.84‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓـﺔ‬ ‫)‪F ( x‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟـﺔ‬ ‫)‪(Jacobian Matrix‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ J x ‬ﻫﻲ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻛﻮﺑﻴـﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
 ‫‪-٦٣ -‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪f1‬‬ ‫‪f1‬‬ ‫‪f1‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪x1‬‬ ‫‪x2‬‬ ‫‪xn‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪f 2‬‬ ‫‪f 2‬‬ ‫‪f 2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪x1‬‬ ‫‪x2‬‬ ‫‪xn‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪, J  x   ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪f n‬‬ ‫‪f n‬‬ ‫‪f n ‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪x1‬‬ ‫‪x2‬‬ ‫‪xn ‬‬

‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﳝﻦ ﻣﻦ ‪ 1.84‬؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‪:‬‬ ‫‪x ‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺿﻊ‬

‫‪   ‬‬
‫‪0  F x k   J x k    x k ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪1.85‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﳌﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﳊﻞ ‪: ‬‬

‫‪  x ( k )  J 1 x k   F x k  ‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪1.86‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‪:‬‬

‫‪  ‬‬
‫‪x  k  1  x ( k )  J x  k ‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪F x k ‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪k 0‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪1.87 ‬‬

‫ﻭﻟﻨﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ‪ 1.87 ‬ﻣﻊ ﲡﻨﺐ ﺣﺴـﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺼـﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴـﻴﺔ ﳌﺼـﻔﻮﻓﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳉﺎﻛﻮﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺗﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪:‬‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪z‬‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﻪ‬

‫‪   F  x ‬‬
‫‪z   J x k ‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫) ‪(k‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪1.88‬‬
 ‫‪-٦٤ -‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫) ‪J x(k ) z   F x(k‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪1.89‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪z‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳋﻄﻲ ‪ 1.89‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻹﳚﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﻪ‬

‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎ�ﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻌﻴﲔ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﻪ ‪ ، z‬ﻧﻌﻮﺽ ﻬﺑﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪x ( k 1)  x ( k )  z‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪k 0‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪1.90 ‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟـ )‪x ( k 1‬‬ ‫ﻹﳚﺎﺩ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬

‫ﻭﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﲔ‪:‬‬

‫‪I) -‬‬ ‫) ‪x ( k 1)  x ( k‬‬ ‫‪ tol ,‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪II) -‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪F x k ‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ tol‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ‪:‬‬

‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ max xi‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪1  i n‬‬

‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﳝﻜﻦ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫‪tol‬‬

 -٦٥ -



‫ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮن اﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ اﳌﻌﺎدﻻت اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ‬-‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮاﻧﻚ‬

‫اﻟﺠﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔ‬

Implicit Crank- Nicolson Scheme for solving a Class of

Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations (NPDES)

 ‫‪-٦٦ -‬‬

‫‪Introduction‬‬ ‫)‪ (١-٢‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬

‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺳﻨﺸﺘﻖ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﳊﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴـﺔ ﻏـﲑ‬

‫‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺇﳘﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫‪0  t  Tmax‬‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻔﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ ،  xL  x  xR‬ﻭﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﻲ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄـﻲ‬ ‫‪, yL  y  yR ‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻨﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺑﺈﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﳐﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﰒ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧـﺔ ﺍﳊـﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﺃﻳﻨﻤﺎ ﻭﺟﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﲑﹰﺍ ﺳﻨﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﻯ ﳒﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻋـﻦ‬

‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪  2 1‬‬ ‫‪ 2 1 ‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ p  2  A1‬‬ ‫‪2 ‬‬
‫‪  B1  1  1  C1  1 2  0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪ x‬‬ ‫‪y ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪A2‬‬
‫‪ 2 2   2 2‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ B2‬‬
‫‪ 2 2 ‬‬
‫‪2 ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪  C2  1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2.1‬‬
‫‪ x‬‬ ‫‪y ‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪xx‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪xL  x  xR‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪yL  y  yR‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪t0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ‪،‬‬ ‫) ‪ 2 ( x, y , t‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ ) ‪  1 ( x, y, t‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ ‪،‬‬

‫ﺛﻮﺍﺑﺖ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﲢﻘﻖ ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫‪p , Aj , B j , C j‬‬ ‫َﻭ ‪ j  1 ,2 ‬‬

‫‪p0 ,‬‬ ‫‪B1  0 , C1  0 , C2  0 ,‬‬

 -٦٧ -

:‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ‬

 1 x, y,0  g1 x, y  


 , xL  x  xR , yL  y  yR , 2.2
 2  x , y ,0   g 2  x , y  


.‫ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ g 2 ( x, y ) ، ‫ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬ g 1 ( x, y ) ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

:‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺔ‬

 1  2 
 0 at x  xL , xR , t0 , 
x x

 2.3
 1  2 
 0 at y  yL , yR , t0 . 
y y 

:‫ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﻧﻔﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ‬

 1 x, y, t   u1  x, y , t   i u2 x, y, t  , 


 2  x , y , t   u 3  x, y , t  ,  2.4


g1  x, y   g1R  x, y   i g1L  x, y  , 

.‫ﺩﻭﺍﻝ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ g1R  x, y  , g1L  x, y  ,  u j  x, y, t  j 1 ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

3
 -٦٨ -

:‫ ؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬2.1 ‫ ﰲ‬2.4 ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ‬

u1   2u 2  2u 2 
 p  2  A1 2 
 u2 B1 z  C1u3   0 ,
t   x  y 

u2   2u1  2u1 

 p  2  A1 2   u1 B1 z  C1u3   0 ,
t  x y 

 2 u3   2 u3  2 u3 
A2    B2   C2 z xx  0 ,
t 2   x 2  y2 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

z  u12  u 22 .

:‫ﻭﺑﻔﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ‬
 u3
 u4 .
t

:‫ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬

u1   2u 2  2u 2  
 p  2  A1   u2 B1 z  C1u3   0 , 
t  x  y2  


u2   2u  2u  
 p  21  A1 21   u1 B1 z  C1u3   0 , 
t  x y  

 2.5
u3 
 u4  0 , 
t 


u 4   2u3  2 u3  
A2   2  B2   C2 z xx  0 . 
t  x  y2  
 -٦٩ -

:‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ‬
u1  x, y,0   g1R  x, y  ,

u 2  x, y,0   g1L  x, y  ,

u 3  x, y,0   g 2  x, y  .

:‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺔ‬
u1 u 2 u3
  0 at x  xL , xR , t0 ,
x x x

u1 u 2 u3
  0 at y  yL , yR , t0 .
y y y

:‫ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺼﻔﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬2.5 ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬

U  2U  2U
A  B 2 C  D U   0 , 2.6
t x  y2

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 u1 
u 
U   2 ,
 u3 
 
u4 

1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 
A  ,
0 0 1 0
 
0 0 0 A2 
 -٧٠ -

 0 p 0 0
 p 0 0 0
B  ,
 0 0 0 0
 
 0 0 1 0

 0 p A1 0 0
 p A1 0 0 0
C  ,
 0 0 0 0
 
 0 0  B2 0

 D1 u  0 0 0 
 0 D2 u  0 0 
DU    ,
 0 0 D3 u  0 
 
 0 0 0 D4 u 

  
D1 u   u2 B1 u12  u22  C1 u3  ,   
D2 u    u1 B1 u12  u22  C1 u3  ,

D3 u    u4 , 
D4 u   C2 u12  u22 
xx .

2.1 ‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺼﻔﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴـﺔ‬

2.5 ‫ﺳﻨﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄـﻲ‬

. 2.6  ‫ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻓﺊ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬

 ‫‪-٧١ -‬‬

‫‪Numerical Method‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢-٢‬اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻲ ‪ 2.5‬ﺍﳌﻜـﺎﻓﺊ ﻟﻠﻨﻈـﺎﻡ ‪2.6‬‬

‫‪R‬‬ ‫ﻣـﻊ ﺣـﺪﻭﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪R   xR  x  xL‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪yR  y  yL‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ‪   t  0 ‬‬

‫‪t 0‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﶈـﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪y  yR ,‬‬ ‫‪y  yL ,‬‬ ‫‪x  xR ,‬‬ ‫‪x  xL‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﳌﺴـﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻭﺍﳌﻐﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻘﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:  3, 4, 6, 9‬‬

‫‪xR  xL‬‬
‫‪xl  xL  l h‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪l  0,1,2,, N‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪N‬‬

‫‪yR  yL‬‬
‫‪ym  y L  m h‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪m  0,1,2,, N‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪N‬‬

‫‪tn  n k‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪n  0, 1, 2,‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ‪:‬‬

‫ﲤﺜﻞ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺧﻄﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ )‪ (Grid Space Step Size‬ﰲ ﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﶈـﻮﺭﻳﻦ‬ ‫‪h‬‬

‫‪ k ،‬ﲤﺜﻞ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ )‪ (Time Step Size‬ﰲ ﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ‪. t‬‬ ‫‪x, y‬‬

‫ﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻲ ‪َ 2.6‬ﻭ ‪ U ln, m‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﱯ ﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫‪uln, m‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪. xl , y m , t n ‬‬

‫ﻋﻨـﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄـﺔ‬ ‫‪U ln, m‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ‪ 2.6‬ﺑﺎﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻘـﺮﻳﱯ‬ ‫‪uln, m‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﻧﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻝ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ‬

‫‪ ، xl , ym , t n ‬ﻭﺑﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻕ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(Central Differences Formula of Second Order‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬

 -٧٢ -

u xx 
1
h 2
 
 u xl  h, ym , tn   2 u xl , ym , tn   u xl  h, ym , tn     h 2 





1 2 n
 u   h2
2 x l,m
  , 
h 
 2.7 

u yy 
1
2
 
 u xl , ym  h, tn   2 u xl , ym , tn   u xl , ym  h, tn     h 2 
h 



1 2 n
 u   h2   , 
h 2 y l,m


:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 x2 uln, m  uln1, m  2 uln, m  uln1, m ,

 y2 uln,m  uln, m1  2 uln,m  uln,m1 ,

.‫( ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬Truncation Error) ‫ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻮﻉ‬  h 2 

:‫ ﻣﻊ ﺇﳘﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬2.6 ‫ ﰲ‬2.7  ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ‬

h
1
  
A U l , m  2 B x2  C y2 U ln, m  D U ln, m  0 ,  l , m  1,2,, N .

:‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻓﺈﻥ‬

A U l ,m 
B n
h 2
  C
   
U l 1,m  2U ln,m  U ln1,m  2 U ln,m1  2U ln,m  U ln,m1  D U ln,m  0 ,
h
2.8

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
U l , m
U l , m  .
t
 -٧٣ -

:‫ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬2.8 ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬


U l ,m  F U ln,m  , 2.9

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

B
   
F U l , m    A1  2 U ln1, m  2U ln, m  U ln1, m  2 U ln, m 1  2U ln, m  U ln, m 1  D U ln, m
C
  .
h h 

‫ ﳝﺜﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻔﺎﺿﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﺎﻋـﺪﺓ‬2.9 ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬

:‫( ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬Implicit Midpoint Rule) ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ‬

U ln, m1  U ln, m 


Ul,m   k  , 
k 
 2.10
n 1 
U l ,m U n
l ,m 
U ln, m  .
2 

:‫ ﻣﻊ ﺇﳘﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬2.9 ‫ ﰲ‬2.10 ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ‬

 U ln,m1  U ln,m 
U n 1
l ,m U n
l ,m kF



, 2.11
 2 

:‫ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ‬
 kB

U ln,m1  U ln,m   A1  2 U ln11,m  2U ln,m1  U ln11,m  U ln1,m  2U ln,m  U ln1,m 
 2h

 U ln,m1  U ln,m  

kC n1
2h 2
U 
l ,m 1  2U n 1
l ,m  U n 1
l ,m 1  U n
l ,m1  2U n
l ,m  U n
l ,m1  kD 

 2
 .

  
2.12
 -٧٤ -

‫ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻏﲑ ﺧﻄـﻲ ﳝﻜـﻦ‬-‫ ﳝﺜﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺻﻴﻎ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‬2.12 ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬

:‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬

  
A U ln,m1  U ln,m  r1 U ln11,m  2U ln,m1  U ln11,m  U ln1,m  2U ln,m  U ln1,m 
 
 r2 U ln,m11  2U ln,m1  U ln,m11  U ln,m1  2U ln,m  U ln,m1  k D U l*,m  0 ,   2.13

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

kB kC U ln, m1  U ln, m

r1  , r2  , U l*, m  ,
2h 2 2h 2 2

l , m  1, 2 ,  , N , n  0 ,1,, NT .

:‫ﻭﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬

U 1,m  U 0 ,m  0 , U N 1,m  0 ,

U l , 1  U l , 0  0 , U l , N 1  0 .

:‫ﻼ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬

‫ ﻣﻔﺼ ﹰ‬2.13 ‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻲ‬

:‫ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬2.13 ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ l 1 , m 1 ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-١

  
A U1n,11  U1n,1  r1 U 2n,11  2U1n,11  U 2n,1  2U1n,1 
   
 r2 U1n, 21  2U1n,11  U1n, 2  2U1n,1  k D U1*,1  0 , 2.13a 
 -٧٥ -

:‫ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬2.13 ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ l  1 , m  2,3,, N  1 ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٢

  
A U1n,m1  U1n,m  r1 U 2n,m1  2U1n,m1  U 2n,m  2U1n,m 
 
 r2 U1n,m11  2U1n,m1  U1n,m11  U1n,m1  2U1n,m  U1n,m1  k D U1*,m  0   ,
2.13b 

:‫ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬2.13 ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ l 1 , m  N ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٣

  
A U1n, N1  U1n, N  r1 U 2n,N1  2U1n, N1  U 2n, N  2U1n, N 
  
 r2  2U1n, N1  U1n, N11  2U1n, N  U1n, N 1  k D U1*, N  0 ,  2.13c 

:‫ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬2.13 ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ l  2,3,, N  1 , m  1 ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٤

  
A U ln,11  U ln,1  r1 U ln11,1  2U ln,11  U ln11,1  U ln1,1  2U ln,1  U ln1,1 

 r2 U ln, 21  2U ln,11  U ln, 2  2U ln,1   
 k D U l*,1  0 , 2.13d 

:‫ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬2.13 ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ l  m  2,3,, N  1 ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٥

  
A U ln,m1  U ln,m  r1 U ln11,m  2U ln,m1  U ln11,m  U ln1,m  2U ln,m  U ln1,m 
 
 r2 U ln,m11  2U ln,m1  U ln,m11  U ln,m1  2U ln,m  U ln,m1  k D U l*,m  0   , 2.13e 
 -٧٦ -

:‫ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬2.13 ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ l  2,3,, N  1 , m  N ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٦

  
A U ln, N1  U ln, N  r1 U ln11,N  2U ln, N1  U ln11,N  U ln1, N  2U ln, N  U ln1, N 
  
 r2  2U ln, N1  U ln, N11  2U ln, N  U ln, N 1  k D U l*, N  0  , 2.13f 

:‫ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬2.13 ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ l  N , m 1 ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٧

  
A U Nn,11  U Nn ,1  r1  2U Nn,11  U Nn11,1  2U Nn ,1  U Nn 1,1 
  
 r2 U Nn,12  2U Nn,11  U Nn , 2  2U Nn ,1  k D U N* ,1  0  , 2.13 g 

:‫ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬2.13 ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ l  N , m  2,3,, N  1 ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٨

  
A U Nn,m1  U Nn ,m  r1  2U Nn,m1  U Nn11,m  2U Nn ,m  U Nn 1,m 
 
 r2 U Nn,m1 1  2U Nn,m1  U Nn,m1 1  U Nn ,m1  2U Nn ,m  U Nn ,m1  k D U N* ,m  0 ,  
2.13 h 

:‫ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬2.13 ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ lN , mN ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٩

  
A U Nn,1N  U Nn , N  r1  2U Nn,1N  U Nn11, N  2U Nn , N  U Nn 1, N 
  
 r2  2U Nn,1N  U Nn,1N 1  2U Nn , N  U Nn , N 1  k D U N* , N  0  , 2.13i 
 ‫‪-٧٧ -‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺜﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻛﺘﻠﻲ ﻏﲑ ﺧﻄﻲ‬ ‫‪4N 2‬‬ ‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬

‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻨﺮﻯ ﺍﻵﻥ‪:‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ‪ 2.13‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪F U   0 ,‬‬ ‫‪2.14‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ‪:‬‬

‫ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮﻱ ‪َ ، 4 N 1‬ﻭ ‪ F U ‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪F U   g1tl ,m , g 2t l ,m ,  , g Nt l ,m‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪g l , m  f1l ,m , f 2 l ,m , f 3l ,m , f 4 l ,m‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪l , m  1, 2 ,  , N .‬‬

‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ‪ 2.5‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ‪f1l ,m , f 2 l ,m , f 3l ,m , f 4l ,m‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪f1l ,m : U1nl ,m1  U1nl ,m  rp U 2nl11,m  2U 2nl,m1  U 2nl11,m  U 2nl 1,m  2U 2nl ,m  U 2nl 1,m‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪ A1 U 2nl,m11  2U 2nl,m1  U 2nl,m11  U 2nl ,m1  2U 2nl ,m  U 2nl ,m1 ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪k‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪V1nl ,m1  V1nl ,m  0 , 2.15‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ‪:‬‬
 -٧٨ -

k
r ,
2h 2

 
V1nl ,m1  U 2nl,m1 B1 U12  n 1
l,m
 
 U 22
n 1
l,m
 C U 
1
n 1
3 l ,m ,

 
V1nl ,m  U 2nl ,m B1 U12  n
l,m
 
 U 22
n
l,m
 C U 
1
n
3 l ,m .


f 2l ,m : U 2nl,m1  U 2nl ,m  rp U1nl 11,m  2U1nl ,m1  U1nl 11,m  U1nl 1,m  2U1nl ,m  U1nl 1,m 


 A1 U1nl ,m11  2U1nl ,m1  U1nl ,m11  U1nl ,m1  2U1nl ,m  U1nl ,m1   k
2
 
V2nl ,m1  V2nl ,m  0 , 2.16

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 
V2nl ,m1  U1nl ,m1 B1 U12  n 1
l ,m
 
 U 22
n 1
l,m
 C U 1
n 1
3l ,m ,

V2nl ,m  U1nl ,m B1 U12  n

l,m
 
 U 22
n
l,m
 C U 
1
n
3 l ,m .

f 3l ,m : U 3nl,m1  U 3nl ,m 
k
2
 
U 4nl,m1  U 4nl ,m  0 , 2.17 

  
f 4 l ,m : A2 U 4nl,m1  U 4nl ,m  r U 3nl11,m  2U 3nl,m1  U 3nl11,m  U 3nl 1,m  2U 3nl ,m  U 3nl 1,m 

 B2 U 3nl,m11  2U 3nl,m1  U 3nl,m11  U 3nl ,m1  2U 3nl ,m  U 3nl ,m1 

 C2 V3nl ,m1  V3nl ,m  V4nl ,m1  V4nl ,m   0 , 2.18

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
 -٧٩ -

 
V3nl ,m1  U12
n 1
l 1, m
 2 U12   n 1
l,m
 U12  n 1
l 1, m
,

 
V3nl ,m  U12
n
l 1, m  2 U1
2
  n
l , m  U1
2
  n
l 1, m ,

 
V4nl ,m1  U 22
n 1
l 1, m  2 U 22   n 1
l,m
 
 U 22
n 1
l 1, m ,

 
V4nl ,m  U 22
n
l 1, m  2 U 22   n
l,m
 
 U 22
n
l 1, m .

:‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ f11,1 , f 21,1 , f 31,1 , f 41,1 ‫ ﻓﺈﻥ‬l  1 , m  1 ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-١


f11,1 : U1n1,11  U1n1,1  rp U 2n2,11  2U 2n1,11  U 2n2 ,1  2U 2n1,1 


 A1 U 2n1, 21  2U 2n1,11  U 2n1, 2  2U 2n1,1   k
2

V11n,11  V11n,1  0 ,  2.19a 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 
V11n,11  U 2n1,11 B1 U12 n 1
1,1
 
 U 22
n 1
1,1
 C U  1
n 1
31,1 ,

 
V11n,1  U 2n1,1 B1 U12   U 
1,1
n 2 n
2 1,1  C U  1
n
31,1 .


f 21,1 : U 2n1,11  U 2n1,1  rp U1n2,11  2U1n1,11  U1n2 ,1  2U1n1,1 


 A1 U1n1,21  2U1n1,11  U1n1, 2  2U1n1,1   k
2

V2n1,1 1  V2n1,1  0  , 2.19b 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
 -٨٠ -

 
V2n1,1 1  U1n1,11 B1 U12  n 1
1,1
 
 U 22
n 1
1,1
 C U  1
n 1
31,1 ,

 
V2n1,1  U1n1,1 B1 U12   U 
n
1,1
2 n
2 1,1  C U 1
n
31,1 .

f 31,1 : U 3n1,11  U 3n1,1 

k
2
 
U 4n1,11  U 4n1,1  0 , 2.19c 

  
f 41,1 : A2 U 4n1,11  U 4n1,1  r U 3n2,11  2U 3n1,11  U 3n2 ,1  2U 3n1,1 
  
 B2 U 3n1, 21  2U 3n1,11  U 3n1, 2  2U 3n1,1  C2 V3n1,1 1  V3n1,1  V4n1,1 1  V4n1,1   0 , 2.19d 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

V3n1,1 1  U12  n 1
2 ,1
 
 2 U12
n 1
1,1
, V3n1,1  U12   n
2 ,1
 2 U12   n
1,1
,

 
V4n1,1 1  U 22
n 1
2 ,1
 
 2 U 22
n 1
1,1 , V4n1,1  U 22   n
2 ,1  2 U 2
2
  n
1,1 .

:‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ f11,m , f 21,m , f 31,m , f 41,m ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ l  1 , m  2,3,, N  1 ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٢


f11,m : U 1n1,m1  U 1n1,m  rp U 2n2,1m  2U 2n1,m1  U 2n2 ,m  2U 2n1,m 


 A1 U 2n1,m11  2U 2n1,m1  U 2n1,m11  U 2n1,m1  2U 2n1,m  U 2n1,m1    k2 V n 1
11, m 
 V11n,m  0 , 2.20a 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
 -٨١ -

 
V11n,m1  U 2n1,m1 B1 U12  n 1
1, m
 
 U 22
n 1
1, m
 C U  1
n 1
31,m ,

 
V11n,m  U 2n1,m B1 U12  n
 
1, m  U 2
2 n
1, m
 C U 
1
n
31,m .


f 21,m : U 2n1,m1  U 2n1,m  rp U1n2,m1  2U1n1,m1  U1n2 ,m  2U1n1,m 


 A1 U1n1,m11  2U1n1,m1  U1n1,m11  U1n1,m1  2U1n1,m  U1n1,m1   k
2
 
V2n1,m1  V2n1,m  0 , 2.20b 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 
V2n1,m1  U1n1,m1 B1 U12 
1, m
n 1
 
 U 22
n 1
1, m
 C U  1
n 1
31,m ,

 
V2n1,m  U1n1,m B1 U12 
n
1, m
 
 U 22
n
1, m
 C U 
1
n
31,m .

f 31,m : U 3n1,m1  U 3n1,m 

k
2
 
U 4n1,m1  U 4n1,m  0 , 2.20c 

  
f 41,m : A2 U 4n1,m1  U 4n1,m  r U 3n2,m1  2U 3n1,m1  U 3n2 ,m  2U 3n1,m 

 B2 U 3n1,m11  2U 3n1,m1  U 3n1,m11  U 3n1,m1  2U 3n1,m  U 3n1,m1 

 C2 V3n1,m1  V3n1,m  V4n1,m1  V4n1,m  0  , 2.20d 
 -٨٢ -

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 
V3n1,m1  U12
n 1
2, m
 
 2 U12
n 1
1, m
, V3n1,m  U12   n
2, m
 2 U12   n
1, m
,

 
V4n1,m1  U 22
n 1
2, m
 
 2 U 22
n 1
1, m , V4n1,m  U 22   n
2, m  2 U 22   n
1, m .

:‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ f11, N , f 21, N , f 31, N , f 41, N ‫ ﻓﺈﻥ‬l  1 , m  N ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٣


f11, N : U1n1,N1  U1n1, N  rp U 2n2,1N  2U 2n1, N1  U 2n2 , N  2U 2n1, N 


 A1  2U 2n1, N1  U 2n1, N11  2U 2n1, N  U 2n1, N 1    k2 V n 1
11, N 
 V11n, N  0 , 2.21a 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 
V11n, N1  U 2n1, N1 B1 U12  n 1
1, N
 
 U 22
n 1
1, N
 C U 1
n 1
31, N ,

 
V11n, N  U 2n1, N B1 U12 
1, N
n
 
 U 22
n
1, N
 C U  1
n
31, N .


f 21, N : U 2n1, N1  U 2n1, N  rp U1n2, N1  2U1n1,N1  U1n2 , N  2U1n1, N 


 A1  2U1n1,N1  U1n1,N11  2U1n1, N  U1n1, N 1    k2 V n 1
2 1, N 
 V2n1, N  0 , 2.21b 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 
V2n1,N1  U1n1,N1 B1 U12  n 1
1, N
 
 U 22
n 1
1, N
 C U 1
n 1
31, N ,

 
V2n1, N  U1n1, N B1 U12 
1, N
n
 
 U 22
n
1, N
 C U  1
n
31, N .
 -٨٣ -

f 31, N : U 3n1, N1  U 3n1, N 

k
2
 
U 4n1, N1  U 4n1, N  0 , 2.21c 

  
f 41, N : A2 U 4n1, N1  U 4n1, N  r U 3n2, N1  2U 3n1, N1  U 3n2 , N  2U 3n1, N 
  
 B2  2U 3n1, N1  U 3n1, N11  2U 3n1, N  U 3n1, N 1  C2 V3n1,N1  V3n1, N  V4n1,N1  V4n1, N   0 ,
2.21d 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 
V3n1,N1  U12
n 1
2, N
 
 2 U12
n 1
1, N , V3n1, N  U12  
n
2, N
 
 2 U12
n
1, N ,

 
V4n1,N1  U 22
n 1
2, N
 
 2 U 22
n 1
1, N , V4n1, N  U 22   n
2, N  2 U 22   n
1, N .

:‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ f1l ,1 , f 2 l ,1 , f 3l ,1 , f 4 l ,1 ‫ ﻓﺈﻥ‬l  2,3, , N  1 , m  1 ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٤


f1l ,1 : U1nl ,11  U1nl ,1  rp U 2nl11,1  2U 2nl,11  U 2nl11,1  U 2nl 1,1  2U 2nl ,1  U 2nl 1,1 


 A1 U 2nl, 21  2U 2nl,11  U 2nl , 2  2U 2nl ,1   k
2

V1nl ,11  V1nl ,1  0  , 2.22a 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 
V1nl ,11  U 2nl,11 B1 U12  n 1
l ,1
 
 U 22
n 1
l ,1
 C U 
1
n 1
3 l ,1 ,

 
V1nl ,1  U 2nl ,1 B1 U12   U 
n
l ,1
2 n
2 l ,1  C U 
1
n
3 l ,1 .
 -٨٤ -


f 2 l ,1 : U 2nl,11  U 2nl ,1  rp U1nl 11,1  2U1nl ,11  U1nl 11,1  U1nl 1,1  2U1nl ,1  U1nl 1,1 


 A1 U1nl ,21  2U1nl ,11  U1nl , 2  2U1nl ,1     k2 V n 1
2 l ,1  V2nl ,1  0  , 2.22b 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 
V2nl ,11  U1nl ,11 B1 U12 
n 1
l ,1
 
 U 22
n 1
l ,1
 C U  1
n 1
3l ,1 ,

 
V2nl ,1  U1nl ,1 B1 U12   U 
n
l ,1
2 n
2 l ,1  C U 1
n
3l ,1 .

f 3l ,1 : U 3nl,11  U 3nl ,1 
k
2
 
U 4nl,11  U 4nl ,1  0 , 2.22c 

  
f 4 l ,1 : A2 U 4nl,11  U 4nl ,1  r U 3nl11,1  2U 3nl,11  U 3nl11,1  U 3nl 1,1  2U 3nl ,1  U 3nl 1,1 
  
 B2 U 3nl, 21  2U 3nl,11  U 3nl , 2  2U 3nl ,1  C2 V3nl ,1 1  V3nl ,1  V4nl ,11  V4nl ,1   0 , 2.22d 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
 
V3nl ,1 1  U12
n 1
l 1,1
 2 U12   n 1
l ,1
 U12  n 1
l 1,1
,

 
V3nl ,1  U12
n
l 1,1  2 U12    U 
n
l ,1
2 n
1 l 1,1 ,

 
V4nl ,11  U 22
n 1
l 1,1  2 U 22  n 1
l ,1
 
 U 22
n 1
l 1,1 ,

 
V4nl ,1  U 22
n
l 1,1  2 U 22    U 
n
l ,1
2 n
2 l 1,1 .

:‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ f1l ,m , f 2 l ,m , f 3l ,m , f 4 l ,m ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ l  m  2,3, , N  1 ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٥

 -٨٥ -


f1l ,m : U1nl ,m1  U1nl ,m  rp U 2nl11,m  2U 2nl,m1  U 2nl11,m  U 2nl 1,m  2U 2nl ,m  U 2nl 1,m 


 A1 U 2nl,m11  2U 2nl,m1  U 2nl,m11  U 2nl ,m1  2U 2nl ,m  U 2nl ,m1   k
2

V1ln,m1  V1ln,m  0 , 
2.23a 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 
V1nl ,m1  U 2nl,m1 B1 U12  n 1
l,m
 
 U 22
n 1
l,m
 C U  1
n 1
3 l ,m ,

 
V1nl ,m  U 2nl ,m B1 U12  n
l,m
 
 U 22
n
l,m
 C U 
1
n
3 l ,m .


f 2l ,m : U 2nl,m1  U 2nl ,m  rp U1nl 11,m  2U1nl ,m1  U1nl 11,m  U1nl 1,m  2U1nl ,m  U1nl 1,m 


 A1 U1nl ,m11  2U1nl ,m1  U1nl ,m11  U1nl ,m1  2U1nl ,m  U1nl ,m1    k2 V n 1
2l , m 
 V2nl ,m  0 ,

2.23b 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 
V2nl ,m1  U1nl ,m1 B1 U12  n 1
l ,m
 
 U 22
n 1
l,m
 C U  1
n 1
3l ,m ,

 
V2nl ,m  U1nl ,m B1 U12 n
l ,m
 
 U 22
n
l ,m
 C U 
1
n
3 l ,m .
 -٨٦ -

f 3l ,m : U 3nl,m1  U 3nl ,m 
k
2

U 4nl,m1  U 4nl ,m  0 ,  2.23c 

  
f 4 l ,m : A2 U 4nl,m1  U 4nl ,m  r U 3nl11,m  2U 3nl,m1  U 3nl11,m  U 3nl 1,m  2U 3nl ,m  U 3nl 1,m 

 B2 U 3nl,m11  2U 3nl,m1  U 3nl,m11  U 3nl ,m1  2U 3nl ,m  U 3nl ,m1 

 C2 V3nl ,m1  V3nl ,m  V4nl ,m1  V4nl ,m   0 , 2.23d 
:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

V3nl ,m1  U12   n 1

l 1, m  2 U12   l ,m
n 1
 
 U12
n 1
l 1, m ,

V3nl ,m  U12   n
l 1, m
 
 2 U12
n
l,m
 
 U12
n
l 1, m ,

V4nl ,m1  U 22  n 1

l 1, m  2 U 22   l ,m
n 1
 
 U 22
n 1
l 1, m ,

V4nl ,m  U 22   n
l 1, m  2 U 22   n
l,m
 
 U 22
n
l 1, m .

:‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ f1l , N , f 2 l , N , f 3l , N , f 4 l , N ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ l  2,3, , N  1 , m  N ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٦


f1l , N : U1nl ,N1  U1nl , N  rp U 2nl11, N  2U 2nl, N1  U 2nl11, N  U 2nl 1, N  2U 2nl , N  U 2nl 1, N 


 A1  2U 2nl, N1  U 2nl, N11  2U 2nl , N  U 2nl , N 1    k2 V n1
1l , N 
 V1ln, N  0 , 2.24a 
:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 
V1nl , N1  U 2nl, N1 B1 U12  n 1
l,N
 
 U 22
n 1
l, N
 C U  1
n 1
3l , N ,

V1nl , N  U 2nl , N B1 U12   n

l, N
 
 U 22
n
l, N
 C U  1
n
3l , N .
 -٨٧ -


f 2 l , N : U 2nl, N1  U 2nl , N  rp U1nl 11, N  2U1nl ,N1  U1nl 11, N  U1nl 1, N  2U1nl , N  U1nl 1, N 


 A1  2U1nl ,N1  U1nl ,N11  2U1nl , N  U1nl , N 1    k2 V n 1
2l ,N 
 V2nl , N  0 , 2.24b 
:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 
V2nl ,N1  U1nl ,N1 B1 U12 
n 1
l, N
 
 U 22
n 1
l,N
 C U 1
n 1
3l , N ,

 
V2nl , N  U1nl , N B1 U12  n
l, N
 
 U 22
n
l, N
 C U 1
n
3l , N .

f 3l , N : U 3nl, N1  U 3nl , N 
k
2
 
U 4nl, N1  U 4nl , N  0 , 2.24c 

  
f 4 l , N : A2 U 4nl, N1  U 4nl , N  r U 3nl11, N  2U 3nl, N1  U 3nl11, N  U 3nl 1, N  2U 3nl , N  U 3nl 1, N 
  
 B2  2U 3nl, N1  U 3nl, N11  2U 3nl , N  U 3nl , N 1  C2 V3nl ,N1  V3nl , N  V4nl ,N1  V4nl , N  0 , 
2.24d 
:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 
V3nl ,N1  U12
n 1
l 1, N
 2 U12   n 1
l,N
 
 U12
n 1
l 1, N
,

 
V3nl , N  U12
n
l 1, N  2 U12   n
l,N
 
 U12
n
l 1, N ,

 
V4nl ,N1  U 22
n 1
l 1, N  2 U 22   n 1
l,N
 
 U 22
n 1
l 1, N ,

 
V4nl , N  U 22
n
l 1, N  2 U 22   n
l, N
 
 U 22
n
l 1, N .

:‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ f1N ,1 , f 2 N ,1 , f 3 N ,1 , f 4 N ,1 ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ l  N , m 1 ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٧

 -٨٨ -


f1N ,1 : U1nN,11  U1nN ,1  rp  2U 2nN1,1  U 2nN11,1  2U 2nN ,1  U 2nN 1,1 


 A1 U 2nN1, 2  2U 2nN1,1  U 2nN , 2  2U 2nN ,1    k2 V n 1
1N ,1 
 V1nN ,1  0 , 2.25a 
:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 
V1nN,11  U 2nN,11 B1 U12  n 1
N ,1
 
 U 22
n 1
N ,1
 C U  1
n 1
3 N ,1 ,

 
V1nN ,1  U 2nN ,1 B1 U12  n
N ,1
 
 U 22
n
N ,1
 C U 
1
n
3 N ,1 .


f 2 N ,1 : U 2nN,11  U 2nN ,1  rp  2U1nN,11  U1nN11,1  2U1nN ,1  U1nN 1,1 


 A1 U1nN,12  2U1nN,11  U1nN , 2  2U1nN ,1    k2 V n 1
2 N ,1  V2nN ,1  0 ,  2.25b 
:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 
V2nN,11  U1nN,11 B1 U12 
n 1
N ,1  U 2
2
  n 1
N ,1
 C U  1
n 1
3 N ,1 ,

 
V2nN ,1  U1nN ,1 B1 U12  n
N ,1
 
 U 22
n
N ,1
 C U 
1
n
3 N ,1 .

f 3 N ,1 : U 3nN,11  U 3nN ,1 
k
2

U 4nN,11  U 4nN ,1  0 , 2.25c 

    2U
f 4 N ,1 : A2 U 4nN1,1  U 4nN ,1  r n1
3N ,1  U 3nN11,1  2U 3nN ,1  U 3nN 1,1 
  
 B2 U 3nN,12  2U 3nN,11  U 3nN , 2  2U 3nN ,1  C2 V3nN,11  V3nN ,1  V4nN,11  V4nN ,1  0 ,  2.25d 
 -٨٩ -

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

V3nN,11  2 U12   n 1
N ,1
 
 U12
n 1
N 1,1 ,

V3nN ,1  2 U12   n
N ,1
 
 U12
n
N 1,1 ,

V4nN,11  2 U 22  n 1
N ,1
 
 U 22
n 1
N 1,1 ,

V4nN ,1  2 U 22   n
N ,1
 
 U 22
n
N 1,1 .

‫ﺗﻜـﻮﻥ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ f1N ,m , f 2 N ,m , f 3 N ,m , f 4 N ,m ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ l  N , m  2,3,, N  1 ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٨

:‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬


f1N ,m : U1nN,1m  U1nN ,m  rp  2U 2nN1,m  U 2nN11,m  2U 2nN ,m  U 2nN 1,m 


 A1 U 2nN1,m1  2U 2nN1,m  U 2nN1,m1  U 2nN ,m1  2U 2nN ,m  U 2nN ,m1    k2 V n 1
1N , m 
 V1nN ,m  0 ,

2.26a 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 
V1nN,m1  U 2nN,1m B1 U12  n 1
N ,m
 
 U 22
n 1
N ,m
 C U  1
n 1
3 N ,m ,

V1nN ,m  U 2nN ,m B1 U12  n

N ,m
 
 U 22
n
N ,m
 C U  1
n
3 N ,m .
 -٩٠ -


f 2 N ,m : U 2nN,1m  U 2nN ,m  rp  2U1nN,1m  U1nN11,m  2U1nN ,m  U1nN 1,m 


 A1 U1nN,1m1  2U1nN,m1  U1nN,m1 1  U1nN ,m1  2U1nN ,m  U1nN ,m1    k2 V n 1
2 N ,m 
 V2nN ,m  0 ,

2.26b 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 
V2nN,m1  U1nN,m1 B1 U12 n 1
N ,m
 
 U 22
n 1
N ,m
 C U 
1
n 1
3 N ,m ,

 
V2nN ,m  U1nN ,m B1 U12  n
 
N ,m  U 2
2 n
N ,m
 C U 
1
n
3 N ,m .

f 3 N ,m : U 3nN,1m  U 3nN ,m 
k
2
 
U 4nN,1m  U 4nN ,m  0 , 2.26c 

  
f 4 N ,m : A2 U 4nN,1m  U 4nN ,m  r  2U 3nN,1m  U 3nN11,m  2U 3nN ,m  U 3nN 1,m 

 B2 U 3nN,1m1  2U 3nN,1m  U 3nN,1m1  U 3nN ,m1  2U 3nN ,m  U 3nN ,m1 
 
 C2 V3nN,m1  V3nN ,m  V4nN,m1  V4nN ,m  0 , 2.26d 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
 -٩١ -

V3nN,m1  2 U12   n 1
N ,m
 
 U12
n 1
N 1, m
,

V3nN ,m  2 U12   n
N , m  U1
2
  n
N 1, m ,

V4nN,m1  2 U 22   n 1
N ,m
 
 U 22
n 1
N 1, m ,

V4nN ,m  2 U 22   n
N ,m
 
 U 22
n
N 1, m .

:‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ f1N , N , f 2 N , N , f 3 N , N , f 4 N , N ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ lN , mN ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٩


f1N , N : U1nN,1N  U1nN , N  rp  2U 2nN1, N  U 2nN11, N  2U 2nN , N  U 2nN 1, N 


 A1  2U 2nN1, N  U 2nN1, N 1  2U 2nN , N  U 2nN , N 1    k2 V n1
1N , N  V1nN , N  0 , 2.27a 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 
V1nN, N1  U 2nN,1N B1 U12 n 1
N,N
 
 U 22
n 1
N,N
 C U  1
n 1
3 N ,N ,

 
V1nN , N  U 2nN , N B1 U12  n
N,N
 
 U 22
n
N,N
 C U  1
n
3 N ,N .


f 2 N , N : U 2nN,1N  U 2nN , N  rp  2U1nN,1N  U1nN11, N  2U1nN , N  U1nN 1, N 


 A1  2U1nN,1N  U1nN,1N 1  2U1nN , N  U1nN , N 1    k2 V n 1
2 N ,N  V2nN , N  0  , 2.27b 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
 -٩٢ -

 
V2nN,1N  U1nN,1N B1 U12 
n 1
N,N
 
 U 22
n 1
N,N
 C U 
1
n 1
3 N ,N ,

 
V2nN , N  U1nN , N B1 U12  n
N,N
 
 U 22
n
N,N
 C U 
1
n
3 N ,N .

f 3 N , N : U 3nN,1N  U 3nN , N 
k
2
 
U 4nN,1N  U 4nN , N  0 , 2.27c 

  
f 4 N , N : A2 U 4nN,1N  U 4nN , N  r  2U 3nN,1N  U 3nN11, N  2U 3nN , N  U 3nN 1, N 
   
 B2  2U 3nN,1N  U 3nN,1N 1  2U 3nN , N  U 3nN , N 1  C2 V3nN, N1  V3nN , N  V4nN,1N  V4nN , N  0 ,
2.27d 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 
V3nN, N1  2 U12
n 1
N,N
 
 U12
n 1
N 1, N ,

 
V3nN , N  2 U12
n
N,N
 
 U12
n
N 1, N ,

 
V4nN,1N  2 U 22
n 1
N,N
 
 U 22
n 1
N 1, N ,

 
V4nN , N  2 U 22
n
N,N
 
 U 22
n
N 1, N .

:‫ ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ‬F U  ‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬

   
U n  1  U n  J 1 U n F U n , n  0,1,2, 2.28

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
 -٩٣ -

 
t
U  U1tl ,m ,U 2t l ,m ,  ,U Nt l ,m ,


U l , m  U1l ,m , U 2 l ,m , U 3l ,m , U 4 l ,m  t
, l , m  1,2,, N .

‫ ﻭﳍـﺎ‬4  4 ‫ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺎﺕ‬J U  ‫ﰒ ﻧﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻛﻮﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬

:‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬
 f1,1 f1,1 f1,1 f1,1 f1,1 f1,1 f1,1 f1,1 f1,1 f1,1 
    
 U 1,1 U 1, 2 U 1,3 U 1, N U 2,1 U 2, 2 U 2, N U 3,1 U N 1, N U N , N 
 f1, 2 f1, 2 f1, 2 f1, 2 f1, 2 f1, 2 f1, 2 f1, 2 f1, 2 f 1, 2 
 U   
U 1, 2 U 1,3 U 1, N U 2,1 U 2, 2 U 2, N U 3,1 U N 1, N U N , N 
 1,1 
           
 f1, N f1, N f1, N f1, N f1, N f 1, N f1, N f1, N f1, N f1, N 
    
 U 1,1 U 1, 2 U 1,3 U 1, N U 2,1 U 2, 2 U 2, N U 3,1 U N 1, N U N , N 
 f 2,1 f 2,1 f 2,1 f 2,1 f 2,1 f 2,1 f 2,1 f 2,1 f 2,1 f 2,1 
    
 U 1,1 U 1, 2 U 1,3 U 1, N U 2,1 U 2, 2 U 2, N U 3,1 U N 1, N U N , N 
          
 f 2, N f 2, N f 2, N f 2, N f 2, N f 2, N f 2, N f 2, N f 2, N f 2, N 
    
J (U )   U 1,1 U 1, 2 U 1,3 U 1, N U 2,1 U 2, 2 U 2, N U 3,1 U N 1, N U N , N 
           
 f 3, N f 3, N f 3, N f 3, N f 3, N f 3, N f 3, N f 3, N f 3, N f 3, N 
    
 U 1,1 U 1, 2 U 1,3 U 1, N U 2,1 U 2, 2 U 2, N U 3,1 U N 1, N U N , N 
 
 
           
 
 
 f N 1, N f N 1, N f N 1, N

f N 1, N f N 1, N f N 1, N

f N 1, N f N 1, N

f N 1, N f N 1, N 
 U 1,1 U 1, 2 U 1,3 U 1, N U 2,1 U 2, 2 U 2, N U 3,1 U N 1, N U N , N 
 f f N , N f N , N f N , N f N , N f N , N f N , N f N , N f N , N f N , N 
 N ,N    
 U 1,1 U 1, 2 U 1,3 U 1, N U 2,1 U 2, 2 U 2, N U 3,1 U N 1, N U N , N 
 
 
2.29

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
 -٩٤ -

 f1 f1 f1 f1 

 U U 2 l ,m U 3l ,m U 4 l ,m 
 1l ,m 
 f 2 f 2 f 2 f 2 
f  U U 2 l ,m U 3l ,m U 4 l ,m 
 
1l ,m
, l , m  1, 2 ,  , N .
U l , m  f 3 f 3 f 3 f 3 
 U1 U 2 l ,m U 3l ,m U 4 l ,m 
 l ,m

 f 4 f 4 f 4 f 4 
 U1 U 2 l ,m U 3l ,m U 4 l ,m 
 l ,m 

:‫ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬J U  ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻛﻮﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬

f1
n 1
  0, j  1
 1  kB1 U1nl ,m1 U 2nl,m1 
0, j  2 k
 S1 
0, j  3
 C1 U 2nl,m1  ,
U jl ,m 1, j  1 1, j  2 2  1, j  3
2.30

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

S1  2rp1  A1  
k
2
B1   U 2 n 1
1 l ,m  
 3 U 22
n 1
l,m
 C U 
1
n 1
3l ,m .

f1 0 , j  2
 rp  , 2.31
U njl11,m 1, j  2

f1 0 , j  2
n 1
 rp  , 2.32
U jl 1,m 1, j  2
 -٩٥ -

f1 0 , j  2
 rpA1  , 2.33
U njl,m11 1, j  2

f1 0 , j  2
 rpA1  , 2.34
U njl,m11 1, j  2

f 2
n 1
U jl ,m
  0, j  2
 1  kB1 U1nl ,m1 U 2nl,m1 
1 ,  2
 S2
0, j  1 k

1 ,  1 2
0 , j  3
 C1 U1nl ,m1 
1 ,  3
,
 j  j  j
2.35

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

S 2  2rp 1  A1  
k
2
   
B1 3 U12
n 1
l ,m
 
 U 22
n 1
l,m
 C U 
1
n 1
3 l ,m .

f 2 0 , j  1
 rp  , 2.36
U njl11,m 1, j  1

f 2 0 , j  1
  rp  , 2.37 
U njl11,m 1, j  1

f 2 0, j  1
 rpA1  , 2.38
U njl,m11 1, j  1
 -٩٦ -

f 2 0, j  1
 rpA1  , 2.39
U njl,m11 1, j  1

f 3 0, j  3 k 0, j  4
n 1
   , 2.40
U jl ,m 1, j  3 2 1, j  4

f 4 0 , j  4 0 , j  3  0 , j  2 0 , j  1
n 1
 A2   2r 1  B2    4rC2 U 2nl,m1   U1nl ,m1   ,
U jl ,m 1, j  4 1, j  3  1, j  2 1, j  1 

2.41

f 4  0 , j  3 0 , j  2 0 , j  1
n 1
 r   2 C2 U 2nl11,m   2C2 U1nl 11,m   , 2.42
U jl 1,m  1 , j  3 1, j  2 1, j  1 

f 4  0, j  3 0, j  2 0, j  1

n 1
 r   2C2 U 2nl11,m   2C2 U1nl 11,m   , 2.43
U jl 1,m  1, j  3 1, j  2 1, j  1

f 4 0, j  3
  rB2  , 2.44
U njl,m11 1, j  3

f 4 0, j  3
n 1
  rB2  . 2.45
U jl ,m1 1, j  3

:‫ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺗﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬2.28 ‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ‬J  U  ، F  U  ‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ‬

 ‫‪-٩٧ -‬‬

‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻷوﻟﻰ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮﻑ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬ ‫‪z‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﻪ‬

‫‪   ‬‬
‫‪z  J 1 U n F U n‬‬ ‫‪, n  0 ,1 , 2 , ‬‬

‫ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪J Un z  F Un‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪, n  0 ,1 , 2 , ‬‬ ‫‪2.46‬‬

‫ﳓﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳋﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻭﺕ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﻪ ‪. z‬‬

‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪z‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﻪ‬

‫‪U n 1  U n  z ,‬‬ ‫‪n  0 ,1, 2 , ‬‬ ‫‪2.47 ‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺮﺭ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺗﲔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﰒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﲔ‪:‬‬

‫)‪I‬‬ ‫‪U n 1  U n‬‬ ‫‪ tol ,‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫)‪II‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪F Un‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ tol‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬

‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﳏﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫‪tol‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﲢﻘﻖ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﲔ ﻧﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺼﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﻠﺤﻞ ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪-٩٨ -‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﳊﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌـﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿـﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ‪ 2.1‬ﲢﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ )‪:(١-٢‬‬

‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﲢﻘﻖ ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬

‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ 1nl ,m ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ 10‬‬
‫‪l ,m‬‬
‫‪,  n0‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪2.48‬‬
‫‪l , m 1‬‬ ‫‪l , m 1‬‬

‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ 2nl ,m ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ 20‬‬ ‫‪l ,m‬‬
‫‪,  n0‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪2.49‬‬
‫‪l , m 1‬‬ ‫‪l , m 1‬‬

‫اﻹﺛﺒﺎت‪:‬‬

‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺜﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ 2.1‬ﺗﻌﻄﻰ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‪:‬‬

‫‪  1nl ,m1  1nl ,m‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪i ‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪k‬‬
‫‪ p‬‬
‫‪ 2h 2‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪ A1 y2‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪n 1‬‬
‫‪1l ,m‬‬ ‫‪  1nl ,m‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪  n 1   n‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪  2nl,m1   2nl ,m‬‬ ‫‪    1nl ,m1   1nl ,m‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ C1 ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1l ,m‬‬
‫‪  B1 l ,m‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫)‪(2.50‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪  n 1   n‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪A2 2 n‬‬
‫‪k2‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪l ,m‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2h 2‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪ B2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪n 1‬‬
‫‪2 l ,m‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫‪2 l ,m‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬
‫‪ C2  l ,m‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1l ,m‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ 0 ,‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ xx‬‬
‫‪2.51‬‬
 -٩٩ -

 1nl ,m ‫ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺐ‬ 1n ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ l ,m

 n 1
1l , m   1nl ,m ‫( ﺑﺎﳌﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬2.50) ‫ﺑﻀﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬
:  ‫ ﻣﻊ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻉ‬،
l, m

:‫ﺳﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ (2.50) ‫ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬

  1nl ,m1  1nl ,m  i

i   n 1
1l ,m  n
1l ,m  
 k


 k l ,m

 1nl ,m1  1nl ,m1  1nl ,m 1nl ,m   1nl ,m 1nl ,m1  1nl ,m1  1nl ,m 
l ,m  


i
 n 1
 1

2

  1nl ,m  2 i Im  1nl ,m  1nl ,m1  ,
2



l,m 
l ,m
k
2.52a 

:‫ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬2.50 ‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬

    
p n 1
1l 1,m  2 1nl ,m1   1nl 11,m   1nl 1,m  2 1nl ,m   1nl 1,m  1nl ,m1  1nl ,m
2h 2 l ,m


 A1  1nl ,m11  2 1nl ,m1   1nl ,m11   1nl ,m1  2 1nl ,m   1nl ,m1  1nl ,m1  1nl ,m 


p 

2h 2  l , m
  n 1
1l ,m 
 1nl ,m  1nl 11,m  1nl ,m1   1nl 1,m  1nl ,m 

 
 A1  1nl ,m1  1nl ,m  1nl ,m11  1nl ,m1   1nl ,m1  1nl ,m 

   n 1
1l ,m 
 1nl ,m  1nl ,m1  1nl 11,m   1nl ,m  1nl 1,m 
l,m


 A1  1nl ,m1  1nl ,m  n 1
1l ,m  1nl ,m11   1nl ,m  1nl ,m1   ,
 -١٠٠ -

‫ﲤﺜﻞ ﳎﺎ ﹰﻻ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻉ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﳝﻜــﻦ ﺍﺳـﺘﺒﺪﺍﻝ‬ Z ‫ﻭﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬

:‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ l+1 ‫ ﺑـ‬l ‫َﻭ‬ m+1 ‫ ﺑـ‬m ‫ﻛـﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﻦ‬

p 

2h 2  l , m
  n 1
1l , m 
  1nl ,m  1nl 11,m  1nl ,m1   1nl 1,m  1nl ,m 

 
 A1  1nl ,m1   1nl ,m  1nl ,m11  1nl ,m1   1nl ,m1  1nl ,m 

   n 1
1l 1, m 
  1nl 1,m  1nl 11,m  1nl ,m1   1nl 1,m  1nl ,m 
l,m

 
 A1  1nl ,m11   1nl ,m1  1nl ,m11  1nl ,m1   1nl ,m1  1nl ,m  

p 
2 
2h  l , m
 
 1nl ,m1   1nl ,m  1nl 1,1m  1nl 1,m  1nl 11,m  1nl ,m1   1nl 1,m  1nl ,m 

  
 A1   1nl ,m1   1nl ,m  1nl ,m11  1nl ,m1  1nl ,m11  1nl ,m1   1nl ,m1  1nl ,m  
l ,m 


p 
2 
2h  l , m

 1nl ,m1   1nl ,m  n 1
1l ,m  
  1nl ,m  A1   1nl ,m1   1nl ,m  n 1
1l ,m 
  1nl ,m 
l ,m 


p
2h 2

1  A1    1nl ,m1   1nl ,m  n 1
1l ,m   1nl ,m 
l,m


p
1  A 
1  
  n 1 2   n 2  2 Re  n 1 n   n 1 n  .
1l ,m 1l ,m 1l ,m 1l ,m 1l ,m 1l ,m   
2h 2 l ,m  
2.52b 

.‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬

 -١٠١ -

:‫ ﺳﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬2.50 ‫ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬

  n 1   n 2
  2nl,m1   2nl ,m     1nl ,m1   1nl ,m  n 1
  B 1l ,m
 1
2
1l ,m
 C1 
 2





 2

 
 1l ,m
  1nl ,m 
l,m
     


  g    1nl ,m1 1nl ,m1   1nl ,m  1nl ,m1   1nl ,m1 1nl ,m   1nl ,m  1nl ,m 
l,m

  g     1nl ,m1   1nl ,m   1nl ,m  1nl ,m1   1nl ,m1 1nl ,m 

2 2

l,m
 


2

  g     1nl ,m1   1nl ,m  2 Re  1nl ,m  1nl ,m1   1nl ,m1 1nl ,m  .
2


 2.52c
l,m

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 n 1 2
  2nl,m1   2nl ,m 
1   1l ,m   1l ,m
n

g    B1  C1   .
2  2  2 
  

.‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬

:‫ ؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬2.52 ‫ﻭﺑﺈﳘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬

     1nl ,m   0
2 2
n 1
, n  0 .
l ,m
1l ,m 

:‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
2 2 2
 n 1
1l ,m    1nl ,m      10l ,m . 2.53
l ,m l,m l,m

. 2.48 ‫ ﲢﻘﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬2.1 ‫ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ–ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﳊﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬

‫ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻘﻮﺩﻧﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬، 2.49 ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺜﻞ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﲢﻘﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬

.‫ ﲢﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬2.1 ‫ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﳊﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬-‫ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‬

 -١٠٢ -

‫ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮن اﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ‬-‫( دﻗﺔ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮاﻧﻚ‬٣-٢)

Accuracy of Implicit Crank-Nicolson Scheme

‫ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﳊﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ‬-‫ﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‬

:‫ ﻧﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬2.1 ‫ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ‬

 U ln,m1  U ln,m  B
A
 k

  2 U ln11,m  2U ln,m1  U ln11,m  U ln1,m  2U ln,m  U ln1,m
 2h

 

 U ln,m1  U ln,m 

C
2h 2

U n 1
l ,m 1  2U n 1
l ,m  U n 1
l ,m1  U n
l ,m 1  2U n
l ,m  U n

l ,m 1  D 
 2
 0 ,

 

l , m  1,2,  , N .
2.54
‫ ﰒ ﻧﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻔﻜﻮﻙ‬، 2.54 ‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ u ln,m ‫ ﺑﺎﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ‬U ln,m ‫ﻧﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻝ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﱯ‬

:‫( ؛ ﻓﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬Maple) ‫ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﱪﳎﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﺰﺓ‬xl , ym , t n  ‫ﺗﻴﻠﻮﺭ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬

 uln, m1  uln, m 

n
  u k  2 u k 2  3u 3 

A 
  A      k    , 2.55
  t 2 t 6 t 3
2
 k  l ,m

  2u k  3u

B n 1

ul 1, m  2uln, m1  uln11,m  uln1, m  2uln, m  uln1, m  B  2 
k 2  4u
 x 2  x 2t 4  x 2 t 2
2
2h

n
4 

h 2  4u kh 2  5u

12  x 4 24  x 4t
  k 3
 h 2 2
k h  ,  2.56
l ,m
 -١٠٣ -

  2 u k  3u
C n 1
u 
l , m 1  2u n 1
l,m  u n 1
l , m 1  u n
l , m 1  2u n
l,m  un
l , m 1  C  2  
k 2  4u
2h 2  y 2  y 2 t 4  y 2 t 2

n


h 2  4u kh 2  5u
12  y 4

24  y t
4

  k 3  h2k 2  h4   , 2.57 
l,m

   D  u   k  D u   k  D 2u    k 3 
 u n 1  uln, m  
n

 
2 2
D  l , m  . 2.58
 2   2 t 4 t l,m

‫ ؛ ﳓﺼـﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻄــﺄ‬2.54 ‫ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬2.58 2.55 ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬

:‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ln,m ‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄـﻮﻉ‬

n
 u  2u  2u 
 n
l,m   A  B 2  C 2  D u 
 t x y l,m

n
k   u  2u  2u 
  A  B 2  C 2  D u 
2 t  t x y l,m

 k 2  3u k 2  2   2u  2u  h 2   4u  4u 
 A  B  C 2  D (u )   B 4  C 
 6 t 4 t 2  x 2 y  12   x  y4 
3

n
kh 2    4u  4u  
  B  C 4
  , 2.59
24 t   x 4
y  l ,m
 ‫‪-١٠٤ -‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ 2.6‬ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ 2.59‬ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻬﺑﺬﺍ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪:‬‬ ‫‪Tl n, m‬‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻮﻉ‬

‫‪ k 2  3u k 2  2   2u‬‬ ‫‪ 2u‬‬ ‫‪ h 2   4u‬‬ ‫‪ 4u ‬‬

‫‪‬‬‫‪n‬‬
‫‪l,m‬‬ ‫‪ A‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪ C 2  D (u )   B 4  C‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ 6 t‬‬ ‫‪4 t 2  x 2‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪ 12   x‬‬ ‫‪ y4 ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬

‫‪n‬‬
‫‪kh 2    4u‬‬ ‫‪ 4u ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪2.60‬‬
‫‪24 t   x‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪y ‬‬ ‫‪l ,m‬‬

‫‪k, h‬‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻭﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻔـﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺆﻭﻝ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪Tl n, m‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﻌﻠـﻢ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳋﻄـﺄ ﺍﳌﻘﻄـﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪k, h  0‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪Tl n, m  0‬‬

‫ﳑﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ‪ 2.54‬ﳊﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ‪ 2.1‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ) ‪.  ( k 2  h 2‬‬

 ‫‪-١٠٥ -‬‬

‫)‪ (٤-٢‬اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮاﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮن اﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ‬

‫‪Stability of Implicit Crank-Nicolson Scheme‬‬

‫ﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﳊﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿـﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴـﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴـﺔ ‪ 2.1‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨـﺪﻡ ﻃﺮﻳﻘـﺔ ﻓـﻮﻥ ﻧﻴﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌــﺪﺩﻱ‬

‫)‪ (Von Neumann Method‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻔﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ ‪: 21‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫‪G e‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪i l h i m h‬‬
‫‪e‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪l,m‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ x2U ln, m  4  sin 2‬‬ ‫‪n i l h i m h‬‬
‫‪G e‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2.61‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2 ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪n i l h i m h‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ y2U ln, m  4  sin 2‬‬ ‫‪G e‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2 ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ‪:‬‬

‫ﻫﻲ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(Amplification Matrix‬‬ ‫‪G   4 4‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪ ,  ‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪i  1‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸـﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻕ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤـﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﳉﻤﻴـﻊ ﺍﻟﻘـﻴﻢ‬

‫ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫‪G‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﳌﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ‬

‫‪max  j  1‬‬
‫‪j‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪j  1 , 2 , 3 , 4.‬‬ ‫‪2.62‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ ‪  j 4j 1‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ )‪ (Eigenvalues‬ﳌﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ‪.G‬‬

 ‫‪-١٠٦ -‬‬

‫ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸـﺮﻁ ﻳﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﳋﻄﻴـﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘــﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ‪ 2.6‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪ 2U‬‬ ‫‪ 2U‬‬

‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪ U  0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪2.63‬‬
‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪ x2‬‬ ‫‪ y2‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ ‬ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳋﻄﻲ ‪ 2.63‬ﺗﻌﻄﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪A U ln, m1  U ln, m ‬‬‫‪‬‬ ‫‪k‬‬
‫‪2h‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B x2  C y2   h 2 U ln, m1  U ln, m  0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪2.64‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ ‪ 2.61‬ﰲ ‪ 2.64‬؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‪:‬‬

‫‪2k ‬‬ ‫‪2 h‬‬ ‫‪2 h‬‬ ‫‪h 2 ‬‬

‫‪AG  I  ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪h2 ‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬‫‪‬‬‫‪i h‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬ ‫‪ i h‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬‫‪‬‬‫‪sin‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬‫‪‬‬‫‪ih‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬ ‫‪ ih‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪sin‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪4 ‬‬
‫‪ G  I   0 ,‬‬

‫‪2.65‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ‪ 2.65‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪A G  I    G  I   0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪2.66‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ‪:‬‬

‫‪2k ‬‬ ‫‪2 h‬‬ ‫‪2 h‬‬ ‫‪h 2 ‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪cos‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪sin‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪cos‬‬ ‫‪‬‬‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪sin‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ .‬‬
‫‪h2 ‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4 ‬‬
 ‫‪-١٠٧ -‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‪:‬‬

‫‪ A   I  G  A   I   0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻓﺈﻥ‪:‬‬

‫‪G   A  I‬‬ ‫‪1  A   I ‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪2.67 ‬‬

‫ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﳌﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ‪ G‬ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪1  i‬‬ ‫‪1  2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪j ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪j ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪j 1‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪j  1,2,3. ‬‬
‫‪1  i‬‬ ‫‪1  2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2.68‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪A  i‬‬ ‫‪A22   2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪4  2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪4 ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪4  1‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪A2  i‬‬ ‫‪A22   2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ‪ 2.68‬ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴـﺔ ‪  j 4j 1‬ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪،‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻥ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀـﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﻄﻴـﺔ ‪ 2.64‬ﻣﻄﻠﻘـﺔ ﺍﻻﺳـﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬

‫‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻗﻴﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺧﻄﻮﺓ‬ ‫‪k ,h‬‬ ‫‪ (Unconditionally‬ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﻗﻴﻢ‬ ‫)‪Stable‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ ‪ k‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﳔﺘﺎﺭ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﱴ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫‪h‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬

‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﻗﺔ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪-١٠٨ -‬‬

‫)‪ (٥-٢‬اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ ﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮاﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮن اﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ‬

‫‪Numerical Results for Implicit Crank-Nicolson Scheme‬‬

‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻗـﺔ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﳊﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴـﺔ ‪ 2.1‬ﻗﻤﻨـﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﺈﺟـﺮﺍﺀ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﺠـﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳـﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ )ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﱐ ﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻉ ﻣﻮﺟﺘﲔ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﱐ ﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻉ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ‪. 15,18,19, 20‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﲡﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﲝﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ )ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠـﺔ‪-‬ﻛﻤﻴـﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻙ( ﺍﻟﱵ ﺭﻣﺰﻧﺎ ﳍﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪ CON 2 , CON1‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﱄ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺷـﺒﻪ‬

‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪ ،(Trapezoidal‬ﻭﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻼﻬﻧـﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫)‪Rule‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻑ‬

‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪L  1   U1nl ,m  iU 2nl ,m  1  xl , ym , t n ‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ max‬‬
‫‪1 l , m  N‬‬
‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫‪1l ,m‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ iU 2nl ,m  1  xl , ym , t n  ,‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪L  2   U 3nl ,m  2  xl , ym , tn ‬‬ ‫‪ max U 3nl ,m‬‬ ‫‪ 2  xl , ym , t n  .‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪1 l , m  N‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪2.69‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪max  1‬‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬

‫‪max  1  ( U1nl ,m ) 2  ( U 2nl ,m ) 2‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪2.70‬‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﲑﹰﺍ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻧﻴﺔ )‪ (Velocity‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪vx 2  v y 2‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪2.71‬‬

 -١٠٩ -

‫( اﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘـﻮن اﻷﺣــﺎدي‬١-٥-٢)

:‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﺍﻟﺸـﺮﻁ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬

(12  A1 22 ) (12  B2 22  A2  2 )

 1  x , y ,0    e i
2 p tanh  , 2.72
C1C212  B1 (12  B2 22  A2  2 )

C212 (12  A1 22 )

 2  x, y,0 
C
 2 p tanh 2  ,
12  B2 22  A2  2 C1C21  B1 (1  B2 2  A2  )
2 2 2 2

2.73

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
  k1 x  k2 y  0 ,   1 x   2 y   0 . 2.74

:‫ﰒ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬

1
A1  1 , B1  , C1  1 , A2  0 , B2  1 , C2  1 ,
2

1 1 1 1 1 1
1  , 2  , k1  , k2  , 0  , 0  ,
3 2 2 4 4 4

1
p , C 0 , tol  10  6 ,  20  x  30 ,  20  y  30 .
2
 ‫‪-١١٠ -‬‬

‫ﺳﻨﻨﺎﻗﺶ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪k ,h‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﻴﻢ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪k  0.01 , h  0.025 , h  0.05 , h  0.1‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺔ‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫ﳓﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ‪ CON 2 , CON1‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻼﻬﻧﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﻄﺄ‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﻭﻝ ‪ 2  3  2  1‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍـﺎ‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺣﺼﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‬

‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﻭﻣﺘﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﻴﺴـﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻼﻬﻧﺎﺋﻲ ‪ ، L‬ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿـﻴﺤﻴﺔ ‪ 2  2  2  1‬ﲤﺜـﻞ ﺍﳊـﻞ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪t  0 ,1,, 30‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪  2 ,  1‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪k  0.001 , h  0.025 , h  0.05 , h  0.1‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺔ‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻼﻬﻧﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﻄﺄ‬ ‫‪CON 2 , CON1‬‬ ‫ﳓﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻧﻴﺔ ‪ V‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﻭﻝ ‪ 2  6  2  4‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍـﺎ‬

‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺛﺒﺎﺗـﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ‫‪k ,h‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺻﻐﺮﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﻗ ﹰﺔ ﻭﺗﻄﺎﺑﻘﹰﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻫـﻮ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪t  0 ,1,, 30‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻼﻬﻧﺎﺋﻲ‬
 ‫‪-١١١ -‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪ : 2  1a ‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻄـﺄ ﻟﻠﺴـﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺳـــﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻـــﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧـــﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴـــﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀـــﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻋﻨـــﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01 , h  0.1 ,‬‬ ‫‪ 0  , 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Iteration‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪CON 1‬‬ ‫‪CON 2‬‬ ‫‪L  1 ‬‬ ‫‪L  2 ‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000000‬‬ ‫‪0.000000‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657425‬‬ ‫‪0.000263‬‬ ‫‪0.000372‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪10.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843854‬‬ ‫‪-0.657424‬‬ ‫‪0.001305‬‬ ‫‪0.000417‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843816‬‬ ‫‪-0.657425‬‬ ‫‪0.001861‬‬ ‫‪0.000763‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪20.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843870‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.001614‬‬ ‫‪0.000542‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪25.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843867‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.001764‬‬ ‫‪0.000663‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪ : 2  1b ‬ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﺣﺴـﺎﺏ ﺳﺮﻋـﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘـﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01 , h  0.1 ,‬‬ ‫‪ 0  , 0 ‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪Xl‬‬ ‫‪Ym‬‬ ‫‪max  1‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬

‫‪5.00‬‬ ‫‪9.4500‬‬ ‫‪9.4500‬‬ ‫‪9.5501‬‬ ‫‪1.7409‬‬

‫‪10.00‬‬ ‫‪3.5500‬‬ ‫‪3.0500‬‬ ‫‪0.0002‬‬ ‫‪2.0908‬‬

‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪12.1000‬‬ ‫‪9.1000‬‬ ‫‪3.0003‬‬ ‫‪6.5101‬‬

‫‪20.00‬‬ ‫‪-17.4500‬‬ ‫‪22.7500‬‬ ‫‪0.0115‬‬ ‫‪8.6070‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻵﻟﻲ‪20.534342 :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‬

 ‫‪-١١٢ -‬‬

‫ﻭﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪k  0.01 , h  0.1 , h  0.05 , h  0.025 / k  0.001 , h  0.1 , h  0.05 , h  0.025‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪0 ‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ﺳﻨﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﺑﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 2  1a ‬ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘـﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻠـﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  1‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-١١٣ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 2  1b ‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  1‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-١١٤ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 2  1c‬ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  1‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-١١٥ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 2  2a ‬ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘـﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻠـﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  2‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-١١٦ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 2  2b ‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  2‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-١١٧ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 2  2c‬ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  2‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-١١٨ -‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪول ‪ : 2  2a ‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻟﻠﺴـﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺳـــﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻـــﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧـــﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴـــﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀـــﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻋﻨـــﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪. k  0.01 , h  0.05 ,  0  1 , 0  1‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Iteration‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪CON 1‬‬ ‫‪CON 2‬‬ ‫‪L  1 ‬‬ ‫‪L  2 ‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000000‬‬ ‫‪0.000000‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843852‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000157‬‬ ‫‪0.000133‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪10.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843853‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000802‬‬ ‫‪0.000147‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843831‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000923‬‬ ‫‪0.000612‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪20.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843862‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000775‬‬ ‫‪0.000256‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪25.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843859‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000944‬‬ ‫‪0.000409‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪ : 2  2b ‬ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﺣﺴـﺎﺏ ﺳﺮﻋـﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘـﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01 ,‬‬ ‫‪h  0.05 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪Xl‬‬ ‫‪Ym‬‬ ‫‪max  1‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬

‫‪5.00‬‬ ‫‪9.4000‬‬ ‫‪9.4500‬‬ ‫‪9.5003‬‬ ‫‪1.7483‬‬

‫‪10.00‬‬ ‫‪3.5000‬‬ ‫‪3.0000‬‬ ‫‪0.0004‬‬ ‫‪2.0948‬‬

‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪12.0500‬‬ ‫‪9.0500‬‬ ‫‪3.0003‬‬ ‫‪6.5185‬‬

‫‪20.00‬‬ ‫‪-17.5000‬‬ ‫‪22.8000‬‬ ‫‪0.0115‬‬ ‫‪8.6039‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻵﻟﻲ‪39.624751 :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‬

 ‫‪-١١٩ -‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪول ‪ : 2  3a ‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻟﻠﺴـﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺳــــﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻــــﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧــــﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴــــﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀــــﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ‪. k  0.01 , h  0.025 ,  0  1 , 0  1‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Iteration‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪CON 1‬‬ ‫‪CON 2‬‬ ‫‪L  1 ‬‬ ‫‪L  2 ‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000000‬‬ ‫‪0.000000‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843852‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000062‬‬ ‫‪0.000044‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪10.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843852‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000074‬‬ ‫‪0.000072‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843850‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000091‬‬ ‫‪0.000087‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪20.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843854‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000086‬‬ ‫‪0.000050‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪25.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843853‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000103‬‬ ‫‪0.000061‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪ : 2  3b ‬ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﺣﺴـﺎﺏ ﺳﺮﻋـﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘـﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.025 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪Xl‬‬ ‫‪Ym‬‬ ‫‪max  1‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬

‫‪5.00‬‬ ‫‪9.4000‬‬ ‫‪9.4500‬‬ ‫‪9.5003‬‬ ‫‪1.7483‬‬

‫‪10.00‬‬ ‫‪3.5000‬‬ ‫‪3.0000‬‬ ‫‪0.0003‬‬ ‫‪2.0945‬‬

‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪12.0500‬‬ ‫‪9.0500‬‬ ‫‪3.0003‬‬ ‫‪6.5185‬‬

‫‪20.00‬‬ ‫‪-17.5000‬‬ ‫‪22.8000‬‬ ‫‪0.0113‬‬ ‫‪8.6041‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻵﻟﻲ‪58.694751 :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‬

 ‫‪-١٢٠ -‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪول‪ : 2  4a ‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻟﻠﺴـﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺳـــﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻـــﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧـــﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴـــﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀـــﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻋﻨـــﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪. k  0.001 , h  0.1 ,  0  1 , 0  1‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Iteration‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪CON 1‬‬ ‫‪CON 2‬‬ ‫‪L  1 ‬‬ ‫‪L  2 ‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000000‬‬ ‫‪0.000000‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843852‬‬ ‫‪-0.657429‬‬ ‫‪0.000121‬‬ ‫‪0.000125‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪10.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843853‬‬ ‫‪-0.657428‬‬ ‫‪0.000294‬‬ ‫‪0.000139‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000456‬‬ ‫‪0.000536‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪20.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657425‬‬ ‫‪0.000360‬‬ ‫‪0.000207‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪25.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843852‬‬ ‫‪-0.657425‬‬ ‫‪0.000487‬‬ ‫‪0.000412‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪ : 2  4b ‬ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﺣﺴـﺎﺏ ﺳﺮﻋـﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘـﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.001 ,‬‬ ‫‪h  0.1 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪Xl‬‬ ‫‪Ym‬‬ ‫‪max  1‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬

‫‪5.00‬‬ ‫‪9.2500‬‬ ‫‪9.2500‬‬ ‫‪9.5002‬‬ ‫‪1.7404‬‬

‫‪10.00‬‬ ‫‪3.3000‬‬ ‫‪2.9000‬‬ ‫‪0.0002‬‬ ‫‪2.1087‬‬

‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪11.9000‬‬ ‫‪9.0000‬‬ ‫‪3.0003‬‬ ‫‪6.4605‬‬

‫‪20.00‬‬ ‫‪-17.4000‬‬ ‫‪22.6000‬‬ ‫‪0.0113‬‬ ‫‪8.6038‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻵﻟﻲ‪22.134342 :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‬

 ‫‪-١٢١ -‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪول ‪ : 2  5a ‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻟﻠﺴـﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺳـــﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻـــﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧـــﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴـــﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀـــﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻋﻨـــﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪. k  0.001 , h  0.05 ,  0  1 ,0  1‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Iteration‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪CON 1‬‬ ‫‪CON 2‬‬ ‫‪L  1 ‬‬ ‫‪L  2 ‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000000‬‬ ‫‪0.000000‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000065‬‬ ‫‪0.000079‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪10.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000066‬‬ ‫‪0.000082‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000081‬‬ ‫‪0.000063‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪20.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000087‬‬ ‫‪0.000059‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪25.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000084‬‬ ‫‪0.000067‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪ : 2  5b ‬ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﺣﺴـﺎﺏ ﺳﺮﻋـﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘـﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.001 ,‬‬ ‫‪h  0.05 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪Xl‬‬ ‫‪Ym‬‬ ‫‪max  1‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬

‫‪5.00‬‬ ‫‪9.3000‬‬ ‫‪9.3000‬‬ ‫‪9.5000‬‬ ‫‪1.7545‬‬

‫‪10.00‬‬ ‫‪3.3000‬‬ ‫‪2.9000‬‬ ‫‪0.0001‬‬ ‫‪2.1006‬‬

‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪11.8500‬‬ ‫‪9.0000‬‬ ‫‪3.0002‬‬ ‫‪6.4514‬‬

‫‪20.00‬‬ ‫‪-17.4000‬‬ ‫‪22.6000‬‬ ‫‪0.0113‬‬ ‫‪8.6022‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻵﻟﻲ‪43.824751 :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‬

 ‫‪-١٢٢ -‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪول ‪ : 2  6a ‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻟﻠﺴـﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺳــــﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻــــﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧــــﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴــــﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀــــﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ‪. k  0.001 , h  0.025 ,  0  1 ,0  1‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Iteration‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪CON 1‬‬ ‫‪CON 2‬‬ ‫‪L  1 ‬‬ ‫‪L  2 ‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000000‬‬ ‫‪0.000000‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000033‬‬ ‫‪0.000039‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪10.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000042‬‬ ‫‪0.000041‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000049‬‬ ‫‪0.000044‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪20.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000051‬‬ ‫‪0.000047‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪25.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000052‬‬ ‫‪0.000048‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪ : 2  6b ‬ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﺣﺴـﺎﺏ ﺳﺮﻋـﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘـﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.001 ,‬‬ ‫‪h  0.025 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪Xl‬‬ ‫‪Ym‬‬ ‫‪max  1‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬

‫‪5.00‬‬ ‫‪9.3000‬‬ ‫‪9.3000‬‬ ‫‪9.5001‬‬ ‫‪1.7545‬‬

‫‪10.00‬‬ ‫‪3.3000‬‬ ‫‪2.9000‬‬ ‫‪0.0001‬‬ ‫‪2.1004‬‬

‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪11.8500‬‬ ‫‪9.0000‬‬ ‫‪3.0003‬‬ ‫‪6.4514‬‬

‫‪20.00‬‬ ‫‪-17.3000‬‬ ‫‪22.6500‬‬ ‫‪0.0112‬‬ ‫‪8.6022‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻵﻟﻲ‪65.614751 :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‬

 -١٢٣ -

‫( اﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﳌﺠﻤﻮع ﻣﻮﺟﺘﲔ ﻣﻨﻔﺮدﺗﲔ‬٢-٥-٢)

‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﱐ ﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻉ ﻣﻮﺟﺘﲔ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺗﲔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬

:‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬
2 2
 1  x, y,0   1 j  x, y,0  ,  2  x, y,0    2 j  x, y,0  , 2.75
j 1 j 1

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

(12  A1 22 ) (12  B2 22  A2  2 )

 1 j  x, y ,0    e 2.76 
i j
2 p tanh  j ,
C1C212  B1 (12  B2 22  A2  2 )

C212 (12  A1 22 )

 2 j  x , y ,0   2
C
 2 p tanh 2  j ,
1  B2 2  A2 
2 2
C1C21  B1 (1  B2 2  A2  )
2 2 2 2

2.77 

 j  k1 x  k 2 y  0 j ,  j  1 x   2 y   0 j , j  1,2. 2.78
:‫ﰒ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
1
A1  1 , B1  , C1  1 , A2  0 , B2  1 , C2  1 ,
2

1 1 1 1 1 2
1  , 2  , k1  , k2  ,  01  , 0 2  ,
3 2 2 4 4 3

1 2 1
 01  , 02  , p , C 0 , tol  10  6 ,
4 5 2

x1  10 , x2  30 , y1  10 , y2  30 .
 ‫‪-١٢٤ -‬‬

‫ﺳﻨﻨﺎﻗﺶ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪k ,h‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﻴﻢ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪k  0.01 , h  0.1‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪V‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻡ‬ ‫‪CON 2 , CON1‬‬ ‫ﳓﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﰲ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 2  7 ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ ‪ 2  4  2  3‬ﲤﺜﻞ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪t  0 ,1,, 80‬‬ ‫‪  2 ,  1‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪k  0.001 , h  0.025‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪V‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻡ‬ ‫‪CON 2 , CON 1‬‬ ‫ﳓﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﰲ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 2  8‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺻـﻐﺮﺕ‬

‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺛﺒﺎﺗﹰﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪k ,h‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺿـﺢ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﱐ ﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻉ ﻣﻮﺟﺘﲔ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺗﲔ‬

‫ﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺗﺼﻄﺪﻡ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺘـﺮﻙ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ‬

‫ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ ﰲ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺼﺎﺩ ٌﻡ ﻣﺮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﲣﺮﺝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼـﻬﺎ ﻛﺄﺷـﻜﺎﳍﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺎﻬﺗﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎﻬﺗﺎ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪-١٢٥ -‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪول‪ : 2  7a ‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﺴـﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﱐ ﺠﻤﻟﻤـﻮﻉ ﻣـﻮﺟﺘﲔ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺗﲔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 2 ‬‬ ‫‪,  01  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Iteration‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪CON 1‬‬ ‫‪CON 2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.00‬‬ ‫‪4.378413‬‬ ‫‪-1.236993‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪4.377557‬‬ ‫‪-1.237688‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪25.00‬‬ ‫‪4.377311‬‬ ‫‪-1.236932‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪39.00‬‬ ‫‪4.377653‬‬ ‫‪-1.234976‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪43.00‬‬ ‫‪4.377640‬‬ ‫‪-1.235145‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪60.00‬‬ ‫‪4.377802‬‬ ‫‪-1.235794‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪ : 2  7b ‬ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﺣﺴـﺎﺏ ﺳﺮﻋـﺔ ﻣﻮﺟـﺘﲔ ﻣﻨﻔـﺮﺩﺗﲔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 2 ‬‬ ‫‪,  01  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪Xl‬‬ ‫‪Ym‬‬ ‫‪max  1‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬

‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪31.10‬‬ ‫‪8.41‬‬ ‫‪0.0000‬‬ ‫‪0.616863‬‬

‫‪25.00‬‬ ‫‪34.10‬‬ ‫‪13.80‬‬ ‫‪0.0000‬‬ ‫‪0.956606‬‬
‫‪39.00‬‬ ‫‪44.00‬‬ ‫‪22.82‬‬ ‫‪0.0000‬‬ ‫‪1.060660‬‬
‫‪43.00‬‬ ‫‪47.00‬‬ ‫‪25.82‬‬ ‫‪0.0000‬‬ ‫‪0.340325‬‬
‫‪60.00‬‬ ‫‪51.00‬‬ ‫‪30.00‬‬ ‫‪0.0003‬‬ ‫‪0.208003‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻵﻟﻲ‪40.649502 :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‬

 ‫‪-١٢٦ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 2  3a ‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻥ ﳌﻮﺟﺘﲔ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺗﲔ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  1‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 2 ‬‬ ‫‪,  01  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-١٢٧ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪: 2  3b ‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻥ ﳌﻮﺟﺘﲔ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺗﲔ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  1‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 2 ‬‬ ‫‪,  01  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-١٢٨ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 2  3c ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻥ ﳌﻮﺟﺘﲔ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺗﲔ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  1‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 2 ‬‬ ‫‪,  01  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-١٢٩ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ : 2  4a ‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻥ ﳌﻮﺟﺘﲔ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺗﲔ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  2‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪k  0.01 , h  0.1 ,  0 2 ‬‬ ‫‪,  01  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-١٣٠ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 2  4b ‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻥ ﳌﻮﺟﺘﲔ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺗﲔ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  2‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 2 ‬‬ ‫‪,  01  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-١٣١ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 2  4c‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻥ ﳌﻮﺟﺘﲔ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺗﲔ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  2‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 2 ‬‬ ‫‪,  0 1  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-١٣٢ -‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪول ‪ : 2  8a ‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﺴـﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﱐ ﺠﻤﻟﻤـﻮﻉ ﻣـﻮﺟﺘﲔ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺗﲔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.001‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.025 ,  0 2 ‬‬ ‫‪,  01  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Iteration‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪CON 1‬‬ ‫‪CON 2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.00‬‬ ‫‪4.378413‬‬ ‫‪-1.236993‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪4.378502‬‬ ‫‪-1.236851‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪25.00‬‬ ‫‪4.378314‬‬ ‫‪-1.236971‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪39.00‬‬ ‫‪4.378252‬‬ ‫‪-1.236879‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪43.00‬‬ ‫‪4.378306‬‬ ‫‪-1.236642‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪60.00‬‬ ‫‪4.378339‬‬ ‫‪-1.236454‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪: 2  8b ‬ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﺣﺴـﺎﺏ ﺳﺮﻋـﺔ ﻣﻮﺟـﺘﲔ ﻣﻨﻔـﺮﺩﺗﲔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.001‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.025 ,  0 2 ‬‬ ‫‪,  01  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪Xl‬‬ ‫‪Ym‬‬ ‫‪max  1‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬

‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪31.00‬‬ ‫‪8.40‬‬ ‫‪0.0000‬‬ ‫‪0.617738‬‬

‫‪25.00‬‬ ‫‪34.00‬‬ ‫‪13.80‬‬ ‫‪0.0000‬‬ ‫‪0.961940‬‬
‫‪39.00‬‬ ‫‪44.00‬‬ ‫‪22.82‬‬ ‫‪0.0000‬‬ ‫‪1.060660‬‬
‫‪43.00‬‬ ‫‪47.00‬‬ ‫‪25.82‬‬ ‫‪0.0000‬‬ ‫‪0.332760‬‬
‫‪60.00‬‬ ‫‪51.00‬‬ ‫‪30.10‬‬ ‫‪0.0008‬‬ ‫‪0.207548‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻵﻟﻲ‪81.399004 :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‬

 -١٣٣ -

‫( اﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﳌﺠﻤﻮع ﺛﻼث ﻣﻮﺟﺎت ﻣﻨﻔﺮدة‬٣-٥-٢)

‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤـﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﱐ ﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻉ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻔـﺮﺩﺓ‬

:‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬

3 3
 1  x, y,0    1 j  x, y,0 ,  2  x, y,0   2 j  x, y,0  , 2.79
j 1 j 1

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

(12  A1 22 ) (12  B2 22  A2  2 )

 1 j  x , y ,0    e 2.80
i j
2 p tanh  j ,
C1C212  B1 (12  B2 22  A2  2 )

C212 (12  A1 22 )

 2 j  x , y ,0   2
C
 2 p tanh 2  j ,
1  B2 2  A2 
2 2
C1C21  B1 (1  B2 2  A2  )
2 2 2 2

2.81

 j  k1 x  k 2 y   0 j ,  j  1 x   2 y   0 j , j  1,2,3. 2.82
:‫ﰒ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
1
A1  1 , B1  , C1  1 , A2  0 , B2  1 , C2  1 ,
2

1 1 1 1 1 2 1
1  , 2  , k1  , k2  ,  01  , 0 2  , 03  ,
3 2 2 4 4 3 7

1 2 3 1
 01  , 02  , 03  , p , C 0 , tol  10  6 ,
4 5 10 2

x1  10 , x2  30 , x3  50 , y1  10 , y2  30 , y3  50 .
 ‫‪-١٣٤ -‬‬

‫ﺳﻨﻨﺎﻗﺶ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪k ,h‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﻴﻢ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪k  0.01 , h  0.1‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪V‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻡ‬ ‫‪CON 2 , CON1‬‬ ‫ﳓﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﰲ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 2  9‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ ‪ 2  6  2  5‬ﲤﺜﻞ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪t  0 ,1,,100‬‬ ‫‪  2 ,  1‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪k  0.001 , h  0.025‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪V‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻡ‬ ‫‪CON 2 , CON1‬‬ ‫ﳓﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﰲ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 2  10‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺻـﻐﺮﺕ‬

‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺛﺒﺎﺗﹰﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪k ,h‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﱐ ﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻉ ﺛـﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺟـﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻴﺪ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﻭﺗﺘﺮﻙ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ‬

‫ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ ﰲ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺼﺎﺩ ٌﻡ ﻣﺮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﲣﺮﺝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼـﻬﺎ ﻛﺄﺷـﻜﺎﳍﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺎﻬﺗﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎﻬﺗﺎ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪-١٣٥ -‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪول ‪ : 2  9a ‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﱐ ﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻉ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01 , h  0.1 ,  0‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪,  0 2  ,  0 1  ,  0 3  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Iteration‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪CON 1‬‬ ‫‪CON 2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.00‬‬ ‫‪5.213621‬‬ ‫‪-1.589207‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪5.199403‬‬ ‫‪-1.589142‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪30.00‬‬ ‫‪5.179326‬‬ ‫‪-1.598391‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪35.00‬‬ ‫‪5.209007‬‬ ‫‪-1.599710‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪50.00‬‬ ‫‪5.220405‬‬ ‫‪-1.588673‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪60.00‬‬ ‫‪5.212238‬‬ ‫‪-1.585534‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪ : 2  9b ‬ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﺣﺴـﺎﺏ ﺳﺮﻋـﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺟـﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻔـﺮﺩﺓ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01 , h  0.1 ,  0‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪,  0 2  ,  0 1  ,  0 3  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪Xl‬‬ ‫‪Ym‬‬ ‫‪max  1‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬

‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪-1.50‬‬ ‫‪9.60‬‬ ‫‪0.0006‬‬ ‫‪1.324613‬‬

‫‪30.00‬‬ ‫‪-19.50‬‬ ‫‪19.60‬‬ ‫‪0.0000‬‬ ‫‪1.462012‬‬
‫‪35.00‬‬ ‫‪7.50‬‬ ‫‪24.26‬‬ ‫‪0.0055‬‬ ‫‪0.710787‬‬
‫‪50.00‬‬ ‫‪1.50‬‬ ‫‪20.40‬‬ ‫‪0.0078‬‬ ‫‪0.469144‬‬
‫‪60.00‬‬ ‫‪1.10‬‬ ‫‪11.30‬‬ ‫‪0.6686‬‬ ‫‪0.335029‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻵﻟﻲ‪80.774253 :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‬

 ‫‪-١٣٦ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 2  5a ‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻥ ﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  1‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01 , h  0.1 ,  0‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪,  0 2  ,  0 1  ,  0 3  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-١٣٧ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 2  5b ‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻥ ﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  1‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01 , h  0.1 ,  0‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪,  0 2  ,  0 1  ,  0 3  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-١٣٨ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 2  5c‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻥ ﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  1‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01 , h  0.1 ,  0‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪,  0 2  ,  0 1  ,  0 3  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-١٣٩ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 2  6a ‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻥ ﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  2‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01 , h  0.1 ,  0‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪,  0 2  ,  0 1  ,  0 3  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-١٤٠ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 2  6b ‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻥ ﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  2‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01 , h  0.1 ,  0‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪,  0 2  ,  0 1  ,  0 3  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-١٤١ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 2  6c‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻥ ﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  2‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01 , h  0.1 ,  0‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪,  0 2  ,  0 1  ,  0 3  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-١٤٢ -‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪول ‪ : 2  10a ‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﱐ ﻟـﺜﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺟـﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.001 , h  0.025 ,  0‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪,  0 2  ,  01  ,  0 3  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Iteration‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪CON 1‬‬ ‫‪CON 2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.00‬‬ ‫‪5.213621‬‬ ‫‪-1.589207‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪5.213011‬‬ ‫‪-1.589131‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪30.00‬‬ ‫‪5.216900‬‬ ‫‪-1.581507‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪35.00‬‬ ‫‪5.214803‬‬ ‫‪-1.582430‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪50.00‬‬ ‫‪5.216705‬‬ ‫‪-1.588708‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪60.00‬‬ ‫‪5.216844‬‬ ‫‪-1.589006‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪: 2  10b ‬ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﺣﺴـﺎﺏ ﺳﺮﻋـﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺟـﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻔـﺮﺩﺓ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.001 , h  0.025 ,  0‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪,  0 2  ,  01  ,  0 3  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪Xl‬‬ ‫‪Ym‬‬ ‫‪max  1‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬

‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪-1.50‬‬ ‫‪9.50‬‬ ‫‪0.0005‬‬ ‫‪1.347538‬‬

‫‪30.00‬‬ ‫‪-19.50‬‬ ‫‪19.00‬‬ ‫‪0.0004‬‬ ‫‪1.549102‬‬
‫‪35.00‬‬ ‫‪7.05‬‬ ‫‪24.26‬‬ ‫‪0.0059‬‬ ‫‪0.709834‬‬
‫‪50.00‬‬ ‫‪1.50‬‬ ‫‪21.00‬‬ ‫‪0.0078‬‬ ‫‪0.456911‬‬
‫‪60.00‬‬ ‫‪00.97‬‬ ‫‪11.05‬‬ ‫‪0.6685‬‬ ‫‪0.362436‬‬

‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ اﻵﻟﻲ‪ 166.274339 :‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

 -١٤٣ -



‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ دوﺟﻼس اﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ اﳌﻌﺎدﻻت اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺰﺋﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻏﲑ اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔ‬

Implicit Douglas Scheme for solving a Class of

Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations (NPDES)

 ‫‪-١٤٤ -‬‬

‫‪Introduction‬‬ ‫)‪ (١-٣‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬

‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺳﻨﺸﺘﻖ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﳊﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴـﺔ‬

‫‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺇﳘـﺎﻝ ﺍﳊـﻞ‬ ‫‪0  t  Tmax‬‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻔﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ ،  xL  x  xR‬ﻭﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﻲ ﻏـﲑ‬ ‫‪, yL  y  yR ‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳋﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻨﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳـﺔ ﻣـﻦ‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺑﺈﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﰒ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﺃﻳﻨﻤﺎ ﻭﺟﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﲑﹰﺍ ﺳﻨﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﻯ ﳒﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪  2‬‬ ‫‪ 2 1 ‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪ p  21  A1‬‬ ‫‪2 ‬‬
‫‪  B1  1  1  C1 1 2  0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪ x‬‬ ‫‪y ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪A2‬‬
‫‪ 2 2   2 2‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ 2 2 ‬‬
‫‪2 ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪  C2  1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪3.1‬‬
‫‪ x‬‬ ‫‪y ‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪xx‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪xL  x  xR‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪yL  y  yR‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪t0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ‪،‬‬ ‫) ‪ 2 ( x, y , t‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ ) ‪  1 ( x, y, t‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ ‪،‬‬

‫ﺛﻮﺍﺑﺖ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﲢﻘﻖ ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫‪p , Aj , B j ,C j‬‬ ‫َﻭ ‪ j  1 ,2 ‬‬

‫‪p0 ,‬‬ ‫‪B1  0 , C1  0 , C2  0 ,‬‬

 -١٤٥ -

:‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ‬

 1 x, y,0  g1 x, y  , 


 xL  x  xR , yL  y  yR , 3.2
 2 x, y,0  g 2 x, y  , 


.‫ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ g 2 ( x, y ) ، ‫ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬ g 1 ( x, y ) ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

:‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺔ‬

 1  2 
 0 at x  xL , xR , t0 , 
x x

 3.3
 1  2 
 0 at y  yL , yR , t0 . 
y y 

:‫ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﻧﻔﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ‬

 1 x, y, t   u1  x, y , t   i u2 x, y, t  , 


 2  x , y , t   u 3  x, y , t  ,  3.4


g1  x, y   g1R  x, y   i g1L  x, y  , 

. ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺍﻝ‬ g1R  x, y  , g1L  x, y  ,  u j  x, y, t  j 1 ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

3
 -١٤٦ -

:‫ ؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬3.1 ‫ ﰲ‬3.4 ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ‬

u1   2u  2u2 
 p  22  A1 2 
 u2 B1 z  C1u3   0 ,
t   x  y 

u2   2u1  2u1 

 p  2  A1 2   u1 B1 z  C1u3   0 ,
t  x y 

 2 u 3   2 u3  2 u3 
A2    B2   C2 z xx  0 ,
t 2   x 2  y2 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

z  u12  u 22 .

:‫ﻭﺑﻔﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ‬
 u3
 u4 .
t

:‫ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬

u1   2u 2  2u 2  
 p  2  A1   u 2 B1 z  C1u3   0 , 
t  x  y2  


u 2   2u  2u  
 p  21  A1 21   u1 B1 z  C1u3   0 , 
t  x y  

 3.5
u3 
 u4  0 , 
t 


u 4   2u3  2 u3  
A2   2  B2   C2 z xx  0 , 
 t  x  y2  
 -١٤٧ -

:‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ‬
u1  x, y,0   g1R  x, y  ,

u 2  x, y,0   g1L  x, y  ,

u 3  x, y,0   g 2  x, y  .

:‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺔ‬
u1 u 2 u3
  0 at x  xL , xR , t0 ,
x x x

u1 u 2 u3
  0 at y  yL , yR , t0 .
y y y

:‫ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺼﻔﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬3.5 ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬

U  2U  2U
A B C  D U   0 , 3.6
t  x2  y2

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 u1 
u 
U   2 ,
 u3 
 
u 4 

1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 
A  ,
0 0 1 0
 
0 0 0 A2 
 -١٤٨ -

 0 p 0 0
 p 0 0 0
B  ,
 0 0 0 0
 
 0 0 1 0

 0 p A1 0 0
 p A1 0 0 0
C  ,
 0 0 0 0
 
 0 0  B2 0

 D1 u  0 0 0 
 0 D2 u  0 0 
DU    ,
 0 0 D3 u  0 
 
 0 0 0 D4 u 

  
D1 u   u2 B1 u12  u22  C1 u3  ,   
D2 u    u1 B1 u12  u22  C1 u3  ,

D3 u    u4 , 
D4 u   C2 u12  u22 
xx .

3.1 ‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺼﻔﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴـﺔ‬

3.5 ‫ﺳﻨﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄـﻲ‬

. 3.6  ‫ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻓﺊ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬

 ‫‪-١٤٩ -‬‬

‫‪Numerical Method‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢-٣‬اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻲ ‪ 3.5‬ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻓﺊ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ‪ 3.6‬ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪R   xR  x  xL‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪yR  y  yL‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ‪ t  0 ‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﳌﻐﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺸـﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫‪t 0‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﶈﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪y  yR ,‬‬ ‫‪y  yL ,‬‬ ‫‪x  xR ,‬‬ ‫‪x  xL‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻘﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪xR  xL‬‬
‫‪xl  xL  l h‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪l  0,1,2, , N‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪N‬‬

‫‪yR  yL‬‬
‫‪ym  y L  m h‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪m  0,1,2,, N‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪N‬‬

‫‪tn  n k‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪n  0, 1, 2,‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ‪:‬‬

‫‪ k ،‬ﲤﺜﻞ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﳋﻄـﻮﺓ‬ ‫‪x, y‬‬ ‫ﲤﺜﻞ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺧﻄﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﰲ ﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻳﻦ‬ ‫‪h‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ‪. t‬‬

‫ﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﱯ ﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫‪U ln, m‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻲ ‪َ 3.6‬ﻭ‬ ‫‪uln, m‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪. xl , y m , t n ‬‬

‫ﻋﻨـﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄـﺔ‬ ‫‪U ln, m‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ‪ 3.6‬ﺑﺎﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻘـﺮﻳﱯ‬ ‫‪u ln, m‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﻧﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻝ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ‬

‫‪ ، xl , ym , t n ‬ﻭﺑﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻕ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ )‪ (Central Differences Replacement of Fourth Order‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‪:‬‬

 -١٥٠ -

1

1  1 
u xx  2 1   x2   x2 uln,m   h 4
h  12 
  , 


 3.7 
1 
u yy
1  1 
 2 1   y2   y2 uln,m   h 4
h  12 
  , 


:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 x2 uln,m  uln1,m  2 uln,m  uln1,m ,

 y2 uln,m  uln,m1  2 uln,m  uln,m1 ,

.‫ﻫﻮ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ( h 4 ) ‫َﻭ‬

:‫ ﻣﻊ ﺇﳘﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬3.6 ‫ ﰲ‬3.7  ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ‬

  1 1
 n
1
A U l , m  2
1 2 2  1 2 2
 B 1   x   x  C 1   y   y  
 U l ,m  D U l ,m  0
n
,
h   12   12  

l , m  1, 2 ,  , N . 3.8

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
U l , m
U l , m  .
t

:‫ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬3.8 ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬

 
U l ,m  F U ln,m , 3.9
 -١٥١ -

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

1   1
1 2  2  n
1 
F U l , m    A  2 1 1 2 2 
 B 1   x   x  C 1   y   y  U l , m  D U l , m
n
  .
 h   12   12   

‫ ﳝﺜﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻔﺎﺿﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﺎﻋـﺪﺓ‬3.9 ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬

:‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬

U ln,m1  U ln,m 

U l ,m   k  , 
k 
 3.10
n 1 
U l ,m U n
l ,m 
U ln,m  .
2 

:‫ ﻣﻊ ﺇﳘﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬3.9 ‫ ﰲ‬3.10 ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ‬

 U ln,m1  U ln,m 
U n 1
l ,m U n
l ,m kF



, 3.11
 2 

:‫ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ‬

 k   1 1
 n 1
U n 1
l,m U n
l,m  A  21 1 2 2  1 2 2
 B 1   x   x  C  1   y   y 
 Ul,m  U l,m
n

 2h   12   12  

 U n 1  U ln, m  
 k D  l , m  .

 2  
 -١٥٢ -

:‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬

 1  1 

A 1   x2  1   y2  U ln,m1  U ln,m 
 12   12 

 1 

 r1 1   y2  U ln11,m  2U ln,m1  U ln11,m  U ln1,m  2U ln,m  U ln1,m 
 12 

 1 

 r2 1   x2  U ln,m11  2U ln,m1  U ln,m11  U ln,m1  2U ln,m  U ln,m1 
 12 

 1  1 
 k 1   x2  1   y2  D U l*,m  0   , 3.12
 12   12 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

kB kC U ln, m1  U ln, m

r1  , r2  , U l*, m  , l , m  1,2, , N .
2h 2 2h 2 2

‫ﻼ‬
‫ ﳝﺜﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺻﻴﻎ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﻴﱢﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻏﲑ ﺧﻄﻲ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻣﻔﺼ ﹰ‬3.12 ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬

:‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬

 1  1 

A 1   x2  1   y2  U ln,m1  U ln,m  
 12   12 

 25 n1
A 
U l ,m  U ln,m 
5
 
U ln11,m  U ln11,m  U ln,m11  U ln,m11  U ln1,m  U ln1,m  U ln,m1  U ln,m1 
 36 72


1
144
  
U ln11,m1  U ln11,m1  U ln11,m1  U ln11,m1  U ln1,m1  U ln1,m1  U ln1,m1  U ln1,m1  ,


3.12a 
 -١٥٣ -

 1 

r1 1   y2  U ln11,m  2U ln,m1  U ln11,m  U ln1,m  2U ln,m  U ln1,m  
 12 

5
r1   5
 
U ln11,m  U ln11,m  U ln1,m  U ln1,m  U ln,m1  U ln,m 
1
 
U ln,m11  U ln,m11  U ln,m1  U ln,m1 
 6 3 6


1 n1
12
 

U l 1,m1  U ln11,m1  U ln11,m1  U ln11,m1  U ln1,m1  U ln1,m1  U ln1,m1  U ln1,m1  ,

3.12b 

 1 

r2 1   x2  U ln,m11  2U ln,m1  U ln,m11  U ln,m1  2U ln,m  U ln,m1  
 12 

5
r2  
U ln,m11  U ln,m11  U ln,m1  U ln,m1 
5
  1
 
U ln,m1  U ln,m  U ln11,m  U ln11,m  U ln1,m  U ln1,m 
6 3 6


1 n1
12
 
U l 1,m1  U ln11,m1  U ln11,m1  U ln11,m1  U ln1,m1  U ln1,m1  U ln1,m1  U ln1,m1  , 

3.12c

 1  1 
k 1   x2  1   y2  D U l*, m   
 12   12 

 25
k  D U l*, m  5
     
D U l*1, m  D U l*1, m  D U l*, m 1  D U l*, m 1    
 36 72


1
       
D U l*1, m 1  D U l*1, m 1  D U l*1, m 1  D U l*1, m 1  ,  
144 
3.12d 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

kB kC U ln, m1  U ln, m

r1  2 , r2  2 , U *
l ,m  , l , m  1,2,, N .
2h 2h 2
 -١٥٤ -

:‫ ؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬3.12 ‫ ﰲ‬3.12d   3.12a  ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬

 25 5  n 1  25 5  n
 36 A  3 r1  r2  U l , m   36 A  3 r1  r2  U l , m

5 1 
  5
  A  5 r1  r2  U ln11,m  U ln11,m  
1
 
A  5 r1  r2  U ln1, m  U ln1, m  
 72 6   72 6 

5 1 
  5
  A   r1  5 r2  U ln, m11  U ln, m11  
1
 
A   r1  5 r2  U ln, m 1  U ln, m 1  
 72 6   72 6 

 1

1 

A  r1  r2  U ln11, m 1  U ln11, m 1  U ln11, m 1  U ln11, m 1 
144 12 

 1
 
1 

A  r1  r2  U ln1, m 1  U ln1, m 1  U ln1, m 1  U ln1, m 1  G U l*, m  0 ,   
 144 12 
3.13

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

   25
G U l*, m  k  D U l*, m  
5
     
D U l*1, m  D U l*1, m  D U l*, m 1  D U l*, m 1    
 36 72


1
       
D U l*1, m 1  D U l*1, m 1  D U l*1, m 1  D U l*1, m 1  ,  
144 

kB kC U ln, m1  U ln, m

r1  2 , r2  2 , U *
l,m  , l , m  1,2,, N .
2h 2h 2

:‫ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬3.13 ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬

 -١٥٥ -

    
P1 U ln, m1  P2 U ln, m  P3 U ln11,m  U ln11,m  P4 U ln1, m  U ln1, m  P5 U ln, m11  U ln, m11 
  
 P6 U ln, m 1  U ln, m 1  P7 U ln11, m 1  U ln11, m 1  U ln11, m 1  U ln11, m 1 
  
 P8 U ln1, m 1  U ln1, m 1  U ln1, m 1  U ln1, m 1  G U l*, m  0 ,  3.14

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
5 5  5 5 
P1   A  r1  r2  , P2    A  r1  r2  ,
3 12  3 12 

15  1 5 
P3   A  5 r1  r2  , P4    A  5 r1  r2  ,
6 12  6 12 

1 5  1 5 
P5   A   r1  5 r2  , P6    A   r1  5 r2  ,
6 12  6 12 

1 1  1 1 
P7   A  r1  r2  , P8    A  r1  r2  ,
12 12  12 12 

   25
G U l*, m  k  D U l*, m 
5
      
D U l*1, m  D U l*1, m  D U l*, m 1  D U l*, m 1    
 36 72


1
      
D U l*1, m 1  D U l*1, m 1  D U l*1, m 1  D U l*1, m 1  ,  
144 

kB kC U ln, m1  U ln, m

r1  2 , r2  2 , U l , m 
*
, l , m  1,2, , N , n  0 ,1,, NT .
2h 2h 2

:‫ﻭﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬

U 1,m  U 0 ,m  0 , U N 1,m  0 ,

U l , 1  U l , 0  0 , U l , N 1  0 .
 -١٥٦ -

:‫ﻼ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬

‫ ﻣﻔﺼ ﹰ‬3.14 ‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻲ‬

:‫ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬3.14 ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ l 1 , m 1 ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-١

P1 U1n,11  P2 U1n,1  P3 U 2n,1 1  P4U 2n,1  P5 U1n, 21  P6 U1n, 2  P7 U 2n,21

 
 P8 U 2n, 2  G U1*,1  0 , 3.14a 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

   25
G U1*,1  k  D U1*,1 
5
 
D U 2*,1  D U1*, 2       144
1
D U 
 *
2, 2 .
 36 72 

:‫ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬3.14 ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ l  1 , m  2,3,, N  1 ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٢

  
P1 U1n, m1  P2 U1n, m  P3 U 2n,m1  P4 U 2n, m  P5 U1n, m11  U1n, m11  P6 U1n, m 1  U1n, m 1 
    
 P7 U 2n,m11  U 2n,m11  P8 U 2n, m 1  U 2n, m 1  G U1*, m  0 ,  3.14b 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

   25
G U1*, m  k  D U1*, m 5
   
D U 2*, m  D U1*, m 1  D U1*, m 1    
 36 72


1
  
D U 2*, m 1  D U 2*, m 1    .
144 
 -١٥٧ -

:‫ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬3.14 ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ l 1 , m  N ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٣

P1 U1n, N1  P2 U1n, N  P3 U 2n,N1  P4 U 2n, N  P5 U1n, N11  P6 U1n, N 1  P7 U 2n,N11


 P8 U 2n, N 1  G U1*, N  0 ,  3.14c

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

   25
G U1*, N  k  D U1*, N 
5
   
D U 2*, N  D U1*, N 1     144
1
D U *
2 , N 1  .
 36 72 

:‫ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬3.14 ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ l  2,3, , N  1 , m  1 ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٤

   
P1 U ln,11  P2 U ln,1  P3 U ln11,1  U ln11,1  P4 U ln1,1  U ln1,1  P5 U ln, 21

     
 P6 U ln, 2  P7 U ln11, 2  U ln11, 2  P8 U ln1, 2  U ln1, 2  G U l*,1  0 , 3.14d 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

   25
G U l*,1  k  D U l*,1  
5
  
D U l*1,1  D U l*1,1  D U l*, 2    
 36 72


1
  
D U l*1, 2  D U l*1, 2    .
144 
 -١٥٨ -

:‫ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬3.14 ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ l  m  2,3, , N  1 ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٥

   
P1 U ln, m1  P2 U ln, m  P3 U ln11,m  U ln11,m  P4 U ln1, m  U ln1, m  P5 U ln, m11  U ln, m11  
  
 P6 U ln, m 1  U ln, m 1  P7 U ln11, m 1  U ln11, m 1  U ln11, m 1  U ln11, m 1 

 P8 U ln1, m 1  U ln1, m 1  U ln1, m 1  U ln1, m 1  G U l*, m  0 ,   3.14e

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

   25
G U l*, m  k  D U l*, m  
5
    
D U l*1, m  D U l*1, m  D U l*, m 1  D U l*, m 1     
 36 72


1
      
D U l*1, m 1  D U l*1, m 1  D U l*1, m 1  D U l*1, m 1  .   
144 

:‫ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬3.14 ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ l  2,3,, N  1 , m  N ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٦

   
P1 U ln, N1  P2 U ln, N  P3 U ln11,N  U ln11,N  P4 U ln1, N  U ln1, N  P5 U ln, N11  P6 U ln, N 1

   
 P7 U ln11, N 1  U ln11, N 1  P8 U ln1, N 1  U ln1, N 1  G U l*, N  0 , 3.14f   

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

   25
G U l*, N  k  D U l*, N 
5
   
D U l*1, N  D U l*1, N  D U l*, N 1     
 36 72


1
   
D U l*1, N 1  D U l*1, N 1  .  
144 
 -١٥٩ -

:‫ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬3.14 ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ l  N , m 1 ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٧

P1 U Nn ,11  P2 U Nn ,1  P3 U Nn 11,1  P4 U Nn 1,1  P5 U Nn , 21  P6 U Nn , 2  P7 U Nn 11, 2

 P8 U Nn 1, 2  G U N* ,1  0 ,   3.14g 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

   25
G U N* ,1  k  D U N* ,1 
5
 
D U N* 1,1  D U N* , 2       144
1
D U *
N 1, 2  .
 36 72 

:‫ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬3.14 ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ l  N , m  2,3,, N  1 ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٨

  
P1 U Nn , m1  P2U Nn , m  P3U Nn 11, m  P4U Nn 1, m  P5 U Nn , m1 1  U Nn , m1 1  P6 U Nn , m 1  U Nn , m 1 
   
 P7 U Nn 11, m 1  U Nn 11, m 1  P8 U Nn 1, m 1  U Nn 1, m 1  G U N* , m  0 ,   3.14h 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

   25
G U N* , m  k  D U N* , m 
5
    
D U N* 1, m  D U N* , m 1  D U N* , m 1    
 36 72


1
   
D U N* 1, m 1  D U N* 1, m 1  .  
144 
 -١٦٠ -

:‫ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬3.14 ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ lN , mN ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٩

P1 U Nn , N1  P2 U Nn , N  P3 U Nn 11, N  P4 U Nn 1, N  P5 U Nn , N1 1  P6 U Nn , N 1

 
 P7 U Nn 11, N 1  P8 U Nn 1, N 1  G U N* , N  0 , 3.14i 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

   25
G U N* , N  k  D U N* , N  
5
  
D U N* 1, N  D U N* , N 1     144
1
D U *
N 1, N 1  .
 36 72 

5 5  5 5 
P1   A  r1  r2  , P2    A  r1  r2  ,
3 12  3 12 

15  1 5 
P3   A  5 r1  r2  , P4    A  5 r1  r2  ,
6 12  6 12 

1 5  1 5 
P5   A   r1  5 r2  , P6    A   r1  5 r2  ,
6 12  6 12 

1 1  1 1 
P7   A  r1  r2  , P8    A  r1  r2  ,
12 12  12 12 

kB kC U ln, m1  U ln, m

r1  2 , r2  2 , U *
l,m  , l , m  1,2,, N .
2h 2h 2

‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺜﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻛﺘﻠﻲ ﻏﲑ ﺧﻄﻲ‬ 4N 2 ‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬

.‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬

 -١٦١ -

:‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬

:‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬3.14 ‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬

F U   0 , 3.15

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

:‫ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬F U  ‫ َﻭ‬، 4 N 1 ‫ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮﻱ‬ 0

 
t
F U   g1tl ,m , g 2t l ,m ,  , g Nt l ,m ,

 
t
g l , m  f1l ,m , f 2 l ,m , f 3l ,m , f 4 l ,m , l , m  1, 2 ,  , N .

:‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬3.5 ‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ f1l ,m , f 2 l ,m , f 3l ,m , f 4l ,m ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ‬

f1l ,m :
5
36
 1
 
5 U1nl ,m1  U1nl ,m  U1nl 11,m  U1nl 11,m  U1nl ,m11  U1nl ,m11  U1nl 1,m  U1nl 1,m
2

 U 1nl ,m1  U 1nl ,m1   1

20

U1nl 11,m1  U1nl 11,m1  U1nl 11,m1  U1nl 11,m1  U1nl 1,m1

 U 1nl 1,m1  U 1nl 1,m1  U 1nl 1,m1    16 rp  5  A   U 1

n 1
2l 1, m  U 2nl11,m  U 2nl 1,m

   
 U 2nl 1,m  10 1  A1  U 2nl,m1  U 2nl ,m  5 A1  1 U 2nl,m11  U 2nl,m11  U 2nl ,m1

 U 2nl ,m1  1
2

1  A1  U 2nl11,m1  U 2nl11,m1  U 2nl11,m1  U 2nl11,m1  U 2nl 1,m1  U 2nl 1,m1


 U 2nl 1,m1  U 2nl 1,m1  G1  U l ,m   0 , 3.16
 -١٦٢ -

: ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G1 U l , m  
5
72
k

 n 1 n 1
 
n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1
5 W1l ,m  W1l ,m  2 W1l 1,m  W1l 1,m  W1l ,m1  W1l ,m1  W1l 1,m
n

 W1nl 1,m  W1nl ,m1  W1nl ,m1  1

20

W1nl 1,1m1  W1nl 1,1m1  W1nl 1,1m1  W1nl 1,1m1

 W1nl 1,m1  W1nl 1,m1  W1nl 1,m1  W1nl 1,m1  ,

 
W1nl ,m1  U 2nl,m1 B1 U12 n 1
l,m
 
 U 22
n 1
l ,m
 C U 
1
n 1
3l ,m ,

 
W1nl ,m  U 2nl ,m B1 U12 l,m
n
 
 U 22
n
l,m
 C U 
1
n
3 l ,m ,

k
r .
2h 2

f 2 l ,m :
5
36
 1
 
5 U 2nl,m1  U 2nl ,m  U 2nl11,m  U 2nl11,m  U 2nl,m11  U 2nl,m11  U 2nl 1,m  U 2nl 1,m
2


 U 2nl ,m1  U 2nl ,m1 
1
20

U 2nl11,m1  U 2nl11,m1  U 2nl11,m1  U 2nl11,m1  U 2nl 1,m1

 1
 
 U 2nl 1,m1  U 2nl 1,m1  U 2nl 1,m1  rp 5  A1  U1nl 11,m  U1nl 11,m  U1nl 1,m
6

   
 U1nl 1,m  10 1  A1  U1nl ,m1  U1nl ,m  5 A1  1 U1nl ,m11  U1nl ,m11  U1nl ,m1


 U1nl ,m1 
1
2

1  A1  U1nl 11,m1  U1nl 11,m1  U1nl 11,m1  U1nl 11,m1  U1nl 1,m1  U1nl 1,m1


 U1nl 1,m1  U1nl 1,m1  G2  U l , m   0 , 3.17 
 -١٦٣ -

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G2 U l , m  
5 
72 
 1
 
k 5 W2nl ,m1  W2nl ,m  W2nl 11,m  W2nl 11,m  W2nl ,m11  W2nl ,m11
2

 W2nl 1,m  W2nl 1,m  W2nl ,m1  W2nl ,m1   1

20

W2nl 11,m1  W2nl 11,m1  W2nl 11,m1

 W2nl 11,m1  W2nl 1,m1  W2nl 1,m1  W2nl 1,m1  W2nl 1,m1  ,

 
W2nl ,m1  U1nl ,m1 B1 U12 n 1
l,m
 
 U 22
n 1
l ,m
 C U 
1
n 1
3 l ,m ,

W2nl ,m  U1nl ,m B1 U12    n

l,m
 
 U 22
n
l,m
 C U 
1
n
3 l ,m .

f 3l ,m : U 3nl,m1  U 3nl ,m 
k
2

U 4nl,m1  U 4nl ,m  0 .  3.18

f 4 l ,m :
5
36
 1
 
A2 5 U 4nl,m1  U 4nl ,m  U 4nl11,m  U 4nl11,m  U 4nl,m11  U 4nl,m11  U 4nl 1,m  U 4nl 1,m
2

 U 4nl ,m1  U 4nl ,m1   20


1 n 1
U 4 l 1,m1  U 4nl11,m1  U 4nl11,m1  U 4nl11,m1  U 4nl 1,m1  U 4nl 1,m1

1
 
 U 4nl 1,m1  U 4nl 1,m1  r  5  B2  U 3nl11,m  U 3nl11,m  U 3nl 1,m  U 3nl 1,m
6


  
 10 1  B2  U 3nl,m1  U 3nl ,m   5B2  1  U 3nl,m11  U 3nl,m11  U 3nl ,m1  U 3nl ,m1 


1
2

 1  B2  U 3nl11,m1  U 3nl11,m1  U 3nl11,m1  U 3nl11,m1  U 3nl 1,m1  U 3nl 1,m1  U 3nl 1,m1


 U 3nl 1,m1  G4  U l , m   0 , 3.19
 -١٦٤ -

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G4 U l , m  
 k C2
3

 n 1 n 5
 n 1 n 1
 5 W4 l ,m  W4 l ,m  2 W4 l 1,m  W4 l 1,m  W4 l 1,m  W4 l 1,m
n n



1
2
 1
 
W4nl ,m11  W4nl ,m11  W4nl ,m1  W4nl ,m1  W4nl 11,m1  W4nl 11,m1  W4nl 11,m1  W4nl 11,m1
4

 W4nl 1,m1  W4nl 1,m1  W4nl 1,m1  W4nl 1,m1  ,


W4nl ,m1  U12 n 1
l ,m
 
 U 22
n 1
l,m
 ,

W4nl ,m   U  2 n
1 l,m  
 U 22
n
l ,m
 .

:‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ f11,1 , f 21,1 , f 31,1 , f 41,1 ‫ ﻓﺈﻥ‬l  1 , m  1 ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-١

f11,1 :
5
36
 1
 
5 U1n1,11  U1n1,1  U1n2,11  U1n1,21  U1n2 ,1  U1n1, 2 
2
1
20

U1n2, 21  U1n2 , 2  
1
  
 rp 5  A1  U 2n2,11  U 2n2 ,1  10 1  A1  U 2n1,11  U 2n1,1
6
 


 5 A1  1 U 2n1, 21  U 2n1, 2   1
 
1  A1  U 2n2, 12  U 2n2, 2   G1  U1,1   0 ,
2 
3.20a 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G1 U1,1  
5 
 1
 
k 5 W11n,11  W11n,1  W1n2 ,1 1  W11n, 2 1  W1n2 ,1  W11n, 2 
72 
1
  
W1n2 ,21  W1n2 , 2  , 
2 20 
 -١٦٥ -

f 2 1 ,1 :
5
36
 1
 
5 U 2n1,11  U 2n1,1  U 2n2,11  U 2n1, 21  U 2n2 ,1  U 2n1, 2 
2
1
20

U 2n2, 21  U 2n2 , 2  
1
  
 rp 5  A1  U1n2,11  U1n2 ,1  10 1  A1  U1n1,11  U1n1,1
6
 


 5 A1  1 U1n1,21  U1n1, 2   1
 
1  A1  U1n2, 21  U1n2, 2   G2  U1,1   0 ,
2 
3.20b 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G2 U1,1  
5 
72 
 1

k 5 W2n1,1 1  W2n1,1  W2n2,11  W2n1,21  W2n2 ,1  W2n1, 2 
2
1
20


W2n2, 21  W2n2 , 2  ,  


f 31,1 : U 3n1,11  U 3n1,1 

k
2
 
U 4n1,11  U 4n1,1  0 , 3.20c 

f 4 1 ,1 :
5
36
A2 
 n 1 1 n 1
 n 1 n n 1 n 1
 
 U 41,1  U 41,1  2 U 4 2 ,1  U 41, 2  U 4 2 ,1  U 41, 2  20 U 4 2 , 2  U 4 2 , 2 
n n
 

1
 
 r  5  B2  U 3n2,11  U 3n2 ,1  10 1  B2  U 3n1,11  U 3n1,1
6
 


  5B2  1  U 3n1, 21  U 3n1, 2   1
2
 
 1  B2  U 3n2, 21  U 3n2, 2  G4  U1,1   0 ,

3.20d 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G4 U1,1  
 k C2 
3   5
2
 
1
5 W4n1,11  W4n1,1  W4n2,11  W4n2 ,1  W4n1,21  W4n1, 2
2
  

 
1 n 1 
W4 2 , 2  W4n2 , 2  . 
4 
 -١٦٦ -

:‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ f11,m , f 21,m , f 31,m , f 41,m ‫ ﻓﺈﻥ‬l  1 , m  2,3,, N  1 ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٢

f11,m :
5
36
 1
 
5 U1n1,m1  U1n1,m  U1n2,m1  U1n1,m11  U1n1,m11  U1n2 ,m  U1n1,m1  U1n1,m1
2



1
20

U1n2,m11  U1n2,m11  U1n2 ,m1  U1n2 ,m1    16 rp  5  A  U
1
n 1
2 2 ,m  U 2n2 ,m 

  
 10 1  A1  U 2n1,m1  U 2n1,m  5 A1  1 U 2n1,m11  U 2n1,m11  U 2n1,m1  U 2n1,m1 


1
2

1  A1  U 2n2,m11  U 2n2,m11  U 2n2,m1  U 2n2,m1   G  U   0
1 1, m ,

3.21a 

: ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G1 U1, m  
5
72
k

5 W
1
n 1
1, m
 W1
n
1, m
 
1
2
W1n2 ,m1  W11n,m11  W11n,m11  W1n2 ,m  W11n,m1  W11n,m1 


1
20
 
W1n2 ,m11  W1n2 ,m11  W1n2 ,m1  W1n2 ,m1 

 ,

f 21,m :
5
36
 1
 
5 U 2n1,m1  U 2n1,m  U 2n2,1m  U 2n1,m11  U 2n1,m11  U 2n2 ,m  U 2n1,m1  U 2n1,m1
2



1
20

U 2n2,1m1  U 2n2,1m 1  U 2n2 ,m 1  U 2n2 ,m1   16 rp 5  A   U
1
n 1
12 , m  U 1n2 ,m 

  
 10 1  A1  U 1n1,m1  U 1n1,m  5 A1  1 U 1n1,m11  U 1n1,m11  U 1n1,m1  U 1n1,m1 


1
2
 
1  A1  U1n2,m11  U 1n2,m11 U1n2,m1  U1n2,m1  G2 U1,m   0 ,

3.21b 
 -١٦٧ -

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G2 U1, m  
5 
 1
 
k 5 W2n1,m1  W2n1,m  W2n2,m1  W2n1,m11  W2n1,m11  W2n2 ,m  W2n1,m1  W2n1,m1
72  2



1
20
  
W2n2,m11  W2n2,m11  W2n2 ,m1  W2n2 ,m1 

,

f 31,m : U 3n1,m1  U 3n1,m 

k
2
 
U 4n1,m1  U 4n1,m  0 , 3.21c 

f 4 1, m :
5
36
 1
 
A2 5 U 4n1,m1  U 4n1,m  U 4n2,m1  U 4n1,m11  U 4n1,m11  U 4n2 ,m  U 4n1,m1  U 4n1,m1
2



20

1 n 1
 1

U 4 2 ,m1  U 4n2,m11  U 4n2 ,m1  U 4n2 ,m1  r  5  B2  U 3n2,m1  U 3n2 ,m
6


  
 10 1  B2  U 3n1,m1  U 3n1,m   5B2  1  U 3n1,m11  U 3n1,m11  U 3n1,m1  U 3n1,m1 


1
2
 
 1  B2  U 3n2,m11  U 3n2,m11  U 3n2,m1  U 3n2,m1  G4  U1, m   0 ,

3.21d 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G4 U1, m  
 k C2 
3   5 W4
n 1
1, m

 W4
n
1, m

5
2
 
W4n2,m1  W4n2 ,m 


1
2
 1
 
W4n1,m11  W4n1,m11  W4n1,m1  W4n1,m1  W4n2,m11  W4n2,m11  W4n2 ,m1  W4n2 ,m1
4
 .
 -١٦٨ -

:‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ f11, N , f 21, N , f 31, N , f 41, N ‫ ﻓﺈﻥ‬l  1 , m  N ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٣

f11, N :
5
36
 1
 
5 U1n1,N1  U1n1, N  U1n2, N1  U1n1,N11  U1n2 , N  U1n1, N 1 
2
1
20

U1n2, N11  U1n2 , N 1 
1
  
 rp 5  A1  U 2n2, N1  U 2n2 , N  10 1  A1  U 2n1, N1  U 2n1, N
6
 


 5 A1  1 U 2n1, N11  U 2n1, N 1   1
2
 
1  A1  U 2n2,N1 1  U 2n2,N 1  G1  U1, N   0 ,
3.22a 

: ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G1 U1, N  
5 
 1
 
k 5 W11n, N1  W11n, N  W1n2 ,N1  W11n, N11  W1n2 , N  W11n, N 1
72  2



1
20
 
W1n2 ,N11  W1n2 , N 1 

 ,

f 2 1, N :
5
36
 1
 
5 U 2n1, N1  U 2n1, N  U 2n2, N1  U 2n1, N11  U 2n2 , N  U 2n1, N 1 
2
1
20
 
U 2n2, N1 1  U 2n2 , N 1 
1
  
 rp 5  A1  U1n2, N1  U1n2 , N  10 1  A1  U1n1,N1  U1n1, N
6
 


 5 A1  1 U1n1,N11  U1n1, N 1   1
2
 
1  A1  U1n2,N11  U1n2,N 1  G2  U1, N   0 ,
3.22b 
 -١٦٩ -

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G2 U1, N  
5 
 1
 
k 5 W2n1,N1  W2n1, N  W2n2, N1  W2n1,N11  W2n2 , N  W2n1, N 1
72  2



1
 
W2n2, N11  W2n2 , N 1   ,
20 

f 31, N : U 3n1, N1  U 3n1, N 

k
2
 
U 4n1, N1  U 4n1, N  0 , 3.22c 

f 4 1, N :
5
36
 1
 
A2 5 U 4n1, N1  U 4n1, N  U 4n2, N1  U 4n1, N11  U 4n2 , N  U 4n1, N 1 
2
1 n 1
20

U 4 2 , N 1  U 4n2 , N 1 
1
    
 r  5  B2  U 3n2, N1  U 3n2 , N  10 1  B2  U 3n1, N1  U 3n1, N  5 B2  1  U 3n1, N11  U 3n1, N 1
6



1
2
 1  B2  U 3n 1
2 , N 1

 U 3n2 , N 1  G4  U1, N   0 , 3.22d 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G4 U1, N  
 k C2 
3   5 W4
n 1
1, N
W4
n
1, N

5
2
W4
n 1
2,N
 
W4
n
2,N
 
1 n 1
2
 
W41, N 1  W4n1, N 1 


4

1 n 1 
W4 2 , N 1  W4n2 , N 1  .


 -١٧٠ -

:‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ f1l ,1 , f 2 l ,1 , f 3l ,1 , f 4 l ,1 ‫ ﻓﺈﻥ‬l  2,3, , N  1 , m  1 ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٤

f1l ,1 :
5 

36 
5 U 1 
n 1
l ,1
 U n
1l ,1

2
 
1 n 1
U1l 1,1  U1nl 11,1  U1nl ,21  U1nl 1,1  U1nl 1,1  U1nl , 2 


1
20
   1
U1nl 11, 2  U1nl 11, 2  U1nl 1, 2  U1nl 1, 2   rp
 6
 5  A  U
1
n 1
2 l 1,1  U 2nl11,1

   
 U 2nl 1,1  U 2nl 1,1  10 1  A1  U 2nl,11  U 2nl ,1  5 A1  1 U 2nl, 21  U 2nl , 2 


1
2
 
1  A1  U 2nl11, 2  U 2nl11, 2  U 2nl 1, 2  U 2nl 1, 2  G1  U l ,1   0 ,

3.23a 

: ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G1 U l ,1  
5
72
k

n 1 1
 
n 1 n 1 n 1
5 W1l ,1  W1l ,1  2 W1l 1,1  W1l 1,1  W1l , 2  W1l 1,1  W1l 1,1  W1l , 2
n n n n



1
20
 

W1nl 1,12  W1nl 1,12  W1nl 1, 2  W1nl 1, 2 

,

f 2 l ,1 :
5 

36 
5 U 2 
n 1
l ,1
 U n
2 l ,1

2
 
1 n 1
U 2 l 1,1  U 2nl11,1  U 2nl, 21  U 2nl 1,1  U 2nl 1,1  U 2nl , 2 


1
20
 
 1
U 2nl11, 2  U 2nl11, 2  U 2nl 1, 2  U 2nl 1, 2   rp
 6
 5  A  U
1
n 1
1l 1,1  U1nl 11,1

   
 U1nl 1,1  U1nl 1,1  10 1  A1  U1nl ,11  U1nl ,1  5 A1  1 U1nl ,21  U1nl , 2 


1
2
 
1  A1  U1nl 11, 2  U1nl 11, 2  U1nl 1, 2  U1nl 1, 2  G2  U l ,1   0 ,

3.23b 
 -١٧١ -

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G2 U l ,1  
5
72
k

 n 1 1
 
n 1 n 1 n 1
5 W2 l ,1  W2 l ,1  2 W2 l 1,1  W2 l 1,1  W2 l , 2  W2 l 1,1  W2 l 1,1  W2 l , 2
n n n n



1
 
W2nl 11, 2  W2nl 11, 2  W2nl 1, 2  W2nl 1, 2   ,
20 

f 3l ,1 : U 3nl,11  U 3nl ,1 
k
2
 
U 4nl,11  U 4nl ,1  0 , 3.23c 

f 4 l ,1 :
5
36
 1
 
A2 5 U 4nl,11  U 4nl ,1  U 4nl11,1  U 4nl11,1  U 4nl, 21  U 4nl 1,1  U 4nl 1,1  U 4nl , 2
2



20

1 n 1 1
  
U 4 l 1, 2  U 4nl11, 2  U 4nl 1, 2  U 4nl 1, 2  r 5  B2  U 3nl11,1  U 3nl11,1  U 3nl 1,1
6

   
 U 3nl 1,1  10 1  B2  U 3nl,11  U 3nl ,1   5 B2  1  U 3nl, 21  U 3nl , 2 


1
2
 1  B2  U 3n 1
l 1, 2

 U 3nl11, 2  U 3nl 1, 2  U 3nl 1, 2  G4  U l ,1   0 ,

3.23d 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G4 U l ,1  
 k C2
3

n 1 n 5
 
n 1 n 1
5 W4 l ,1  W4 l ,1  2 W4 l 1,1  W4 l 1,1  W4 l 1,1  W4 l 1,1
n n



1
2
 1
 
W4nl ,21  W4nl , 2  W4nl 11, 2  W4nl 11, 2  W4nl 1, 2  W4nl 1, 2
4
 .
 -١٧٢ -

:‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ f1l ,m , f 2 l ,m , f 3l ,m , f 4 l ,m ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ l  m  2,3, , N  1 ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٥

f1l ,m :
5
36
 1
 
5 U1nl ,m1  U1nl ,m  U1nl 11,m  U1nl 11,m  U1nl ,m11  U1nl ,m11  U1nl 1,m  U1nl 1,m
2


 U1nl ,m1  U1nl ,m1 
1
20

U1nl 11,m1  U1nl 11,m1  U1nl 11,m1  U1nl 11,m1  U1nl 1,m1

1
  
 U1nl 1,m1  U1nl 1,m1  U1nl 1,m1  rp 5  A1  U 2nl11,m  U 2nl11,m  U 2nl 1,m
6

   
 U 2nl 1,m  10 1  A1  U 2nl,m1  U 2nl ,m  5 A1  1 U 2nl,m11  U 2nl,m11  U 2nl ,m1

 U 2nl ,m1  1
2

1  A1  U 2nl11,m1  U 2nl11,m1  U 2nl11,m1  U 2nl11,m1  U 2nl 1,m1  U 2nl 1,m1


 U 2nl 1,m1  U 2nl 1,m1  G1  U l , m   0 , 3.24a 

: ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G1 U l , m  
5
72
k

5W1
n 1
l ,m
 W1
n
l ,m

1
2
 
W1nl 1,1m  W1nl 1,1m  W1nl ,m11  W1nl ,m11  W1nl 1,m

 W1nl 1,m  W1nl ,m1  W1nl ,m1   1

20

W1nl 1,1m1  W1nl 1,1m1  W1nl 1,1m1  W1nl 1,1m1

 W1nl 1,m1  W1nl 1,m1  W1nl 1,m1  W1nl 1,m1  ,

 -١٧٣ -

f 2 l ,m :
5
36
 1
 
5 U 2nl,m1  U 2nl ,m  U 2nl11,m  U 2nl11,m  U 2nl,m11  U 2nl,m11  U 2nl 1,m  U 2nl 1,m
2


 U 2nl ,m1  U 2nl ,m1 
1
20

U 2nl11,m1  U 2nl11,m1  U 2nl11,m1  U 2nl11,m1  U 2nl 1,m1

 1
 
 U 2nl 1,m1  U 2nl 1,m1  U 2nl 1,m1  rp 5  A1  U1nl 11,m  U1nl 11,m  U1nl 1,m
6

   
 U1nl 1,m  10 1  A1  U1nl ,m1  U1nl ,m  5 A1  1 U1nl ,m11  U1nl ,m11  U1nl ,m1


 U1nl ,m1 
1
2

1  A1  U1nl 11,m1  U1nl 11,m1  U1nl 11,m1  U1nl 11,m1  U1nl 1,m1  U1nl 1,m1


 U1nl 1,m1  U1nl 1,m1  G2  U l , m   0 , 3.24b 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G2 U l , m  
5 
72 
 1
 
k 5 W2nl ,m1  W2nl ,m  W2nl 11,m  W2nl 11,m  W2nl ,m11  W2nl ,m11
2

 W2nl 1,m  W2nl 1,m  W2nl ,m1  W2nl ,m1   1

20

W2nl 11,m1  W2nl 11,m1  W2nl 11,m1

 W2nl 11,m1  W2nl 1,m1  W2nl 1,m1  W2nl 1,m1  W2nl 1,m1  ,

f 3l ,m : U 3nl,m1  U 3nl ,m 
k
2
 
U 4nl,m1  U 4nl ,m  0 , 3.24c 
 -١٧٤ -

f 4 l ,m :
5
36
 1
 
A2 5 U 4nl,m1  U 4nl ,m  U 4nl11,m  U 4nl11,m  U 4nl,m11  U 4nl,m11  U 4nl 1,m  U 4nl 1,m
2

 U 4nl ,m1  U 4nl ,m1   20


1 n 1
U 4 l 1,m1  U 4nl11,m1  U 4nl11,m1  U 4nl11,m1  U 4nl 1,m1  U 4nl 1,m1

1
 
 U 4nl 1,m1  U 4nl 1,m1  r 5  B2  U 3nl11,m  U 3nl11,m  U 3nl 1,m  U 3nl 1,m
6


  
 10 1  B2  U 3nl,m1  U 3nl ,m   5B2  1  U 3nl,m11  U 3nl,m11  U 3nl ,m1  U 3nl ,m1 


1
2

 1  B2  U 3nl11,m1  U 3nl11,m1  U 3nl11,m1  U 3nl11,m1  U 3nl 1,m1  U 3nl 1,m1  U 3nl 1,m1


 U 3nl 1,m1  G4  U l , m   0 , 3.24d 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G4 U l , m  
 k C2
3

n 1 n 5
 
n 1 n 1
 5 W4 l ,m  W4 l ,m  2 W4 l 1,m  W4 l 1,m  W4 l 1,m  W4 l 1,m
n n



1
2
 1
 
W4nl ,m11  W4nl ,m11  W4nl ,m1  W4nl ,m1  W4nl 11,m1  W4nl 11,m1  W4nl 11,m1  W4nl 11,m1
4

 W4nl 1,m1  W4nl 1,m1  W4nl 1,m1  W4nl 1,m1  .

 -١٧٥ -

:‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ f1l , N , f 2 l , N , f 3l , N , f 4 l , N ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ l  2,3,, N  1 , m  N ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٦

f1l , N :
5
36
 1
 
5 U1nl ,N1  U1nl , N  U1nl 11, N  U1nl 11, N  U1nl ,N11  U1nl 1, N  U1nl 1, N  U1nl , N 1
2



1
20
 1
 
U1nl 11, N 1  U1nl 11, N 1  U1nl 1, N 1  U1nl 1, N 1  rp 5  A1  U 2nl11, N  U 2nl11, N
6


  
 U 2nl 1, N  U 2nl 1, N  10 1  A1  U 2nl, N1  U 2nl , N  5 A1  1 U 2nl, N11  U 2nl , N 1  


1
2
 
1  A1  U 2nl11,N 1  U 2nl11,N 1  U 2nl 1,N 1  U 2nl 1,N 1  G1  U l , N   0 ,

3.25a 

: ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G1 U l , N  
5
72
k

 n 1 1 n 1
  n 1 n 1
5 W1l , N  W1l , N  2 W1l 1, N  W1l 1, N  W1l , N 1  W1l 1, N  W1l 1, N  W1l , N 1
n n n n



1
20
 
W1nl 1,1N 1  W1nl 1,1N 1  W1nl 1, N 1  W1nl 1, N 1 

 ,

f 2l ,N :
5
36
 1
 
5 U 2nl, N1  U 2nl , N  U 2nl11, N  U 2nl11, N  U 2nl, N11  U 2nl 1, N  U 2nl 1, N  U 2nl , N 1
2



1
20
 1
 
U 2nl11, N 1  U 2nl11, N 1  U 2nl 1, N 1  U 2nl 1, N 1  r 5  A1  U1nl 11, N  U1nl 11, N
6


  
 U1nl 1, N  U1nl 1, N  10 1  A1  U1nl ,N1  U1nl , N  5 A1  1 U1nl ,N11  U1nl , N 1  


1
2
 
1  A1  U1nl 11,N 1  U1nl 11,N 1  U1nl 1,N 1  U1nl 1,N 1  G2  U l , N   0 ,

3.25b 
 -١٧٦ -

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G2 U l , N  
5
72
k

 n 1 1
 
n 1 n 1 n 1
5 W2l , N  W2l , N  2 W2l 1, N  W2l 1, N  W2l , N 1  W2l 1, N  W2l 1, N  W2l , N 1
n n n n



1
  
W2nl 11, N 1  W2nl 11, N 1  W2nl 1, N 1  W2nl 1, N 1  ,
20 

f 3l , N : U 3nl, N1  U 3nl , N 
k
2
 
U 4nl, N1  U 4nl , N  0 , 3.25c 

f 4l ,N :
5
36
 1
 
A2 5 U 4nl, N1  U 4nl , N  U 4nl11, N  U 4nl11, N  U 4nl, N11  U 4nl 1, N  U 4nl 1, N  U 4nl , N 1
2



20

1 n 1

1
 
U 4 l 1, N 1  U 4nl11, N 1  U 4nl 1, N 1  U 4nl 1, N 1  r 5  B2  U 3nl11, N  U 3nl11, N
6

   
 U 3nl 1, N  U 3nl 1, N  10 1  B2  U 3nl, N1  U 3nl , N   5B2  1  U 3nl, N11  U 3nl , N 1 


1
2

 1  B2  U 3nl11,N 1  U 3nl11,N 1  U 3nl 1,N 1  U 3nl 1,N 1   G  U   0
4 l,N ,

3.25d 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G4 U l , N  
 k C2
3

5 W4 
n 1
l ,N
 W4
n
l ,N

5
2
 
W4nl 11, N  W4nl 11, N  W4nl 1, N  W4nl 1, N 

 
1 n 1 1
   
W4 l , N 1  W4nl , N 1  W4nl 11, N 1  W4nl 11, N 1  W4nl 1, N 1  W4nl 1, N 1  .
2 4 
 -١٧٧ -

:‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ f1N ,1 , f 2 N ,1 , f 3 N ,1 , f 4 N ,1 ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ l  N , m 1 ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٧

f1N ,1 :
5
36
 1
 
5 U1nN,11  U1nN ,1  U1nN11,1  U1nN,12  U1nN 1,1  U1nN , 2
2



1
20

U1nN11, 2  U1nN 1, 2    16 rp  5  A  U 1
n 1
2 N 1,1  U 2nN 1,1 

 
 10 1  A1  U 2nN,11  U 2nN ,1  5 A1  1 U 2nN,12  U 2nN , 2 


1
2
 
1  A1  U 2nN11, 2  U 2nN 1, 2  G1  U N ,1   0 , 3.26a 

: ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G1 U N ,1  
5
72
k

5 W1 N

n 1
, 1
 W1
n
N , 1

1
2
 
W1nN11,1  W1nN, 21  W1nN 1,1  W1nN , 2 


1
20
 
W1nN11, 2  W1nN 1, 2 

 ,

f 2 N ,1 :
5
36
 1
 
5 U 2nN,11  U 2nN ,1  U 2nN11,1  U 2nN,12  U 2nN 1,1  U 2nN , 2
2



1
20

U 2nN11, 2  U 2nN 1, 2    16 rp  5  A  U 1
n 1
1 N 1,1  U1nN 1,1 

 
 10 1  A1  U1nN,11  U1nN ,1  5 A1  1 U1nN,12  U1nN , 2  


1
2
 
1  A1  U1nN11, 2  U1nN 1, 2  G2  U N ,1   0 , 3.26b 
 -١٧٨ -

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G2 U N ,1  
5
72
k

 n 1
 
1 n 1 n 1
5 W2 N ,1  W2 N ,1  2 W2 N 1,1  W2 N , 2  W2 N 1,1  W2 N , 2
n n n



1
20
 
W2nN11, 2  W2nN 1, 2 

 ,

f 3N ,1 : U 3nN,11  U 3nN ,1 
k
2
 
U 4nN1,1  U 4nN ,1  0 , 3.26c 

f 4 N ,1 :
5
36
 1
 
A2 5 U 4nN,11  U 4nN ,1  U 4nN11,1  U 4nN,12  U 4nN 1,1  U 4nN , 2
2



1
20

U 4nN11, 2  U 4nN 1, 2    16 r 5  B  U
2
n 1
3 N 1,1  
 U 3nN 1,1  10 1  B2  U 3nN,11  U 3nN ,1 


  5 B2  1  U 3nN,12  U 3nN , 2   1
2
 
 1  B2  U 3nN11, 2  U 3nN 1, 2  G4  U N ,1   0 ,

3.26d 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G4 U N ,1  
 k C2 
3    5
2
  1
 
5 W4nN,11  W4nN ,1  W4nN11,1  W4nN 1,1  W4nN,12  W4nN , 2
2



4

1 n 1 

W4 N 1, 2  W4nN 1, 2  .

 -١٧٩ -

‫ﺗﻜـﻮﻥ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ f1N ,m , f 2 N ,m , f 3 N ,m , f 4 N ,m ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ l  N , m  2,3,, N  1 ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٨

:‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬

f1N ,m :
5
36
 1
 
5 U1nN,m1  U1nN ,m  U1nN11,m  U1nN,1m1  U1nN,m1 1  U1nN 1,m  U1nN ,m1  U1nN ,m1
2



1
20
 1
  
U1nN11,m1  U1nN11,m1  U1nN 1,m1  U1nN 1,m1  rp 5  A1  U 2nN11,m  U 2nN 1,m
6


  
 10 1  A1  U 2nN,1m  U 2nN ,m  5 A1  1 U 2nN,1m1  U 2nN,1m1  U 2nN ,m1  U 2nN ,m1 


1
2
 
1  A1  U 2nN11,m1  U 2nN11,m1  U 2nN 1,m1  U 2nN 1,m1  G1  U N , m   0 ,

3.27a 

: ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G1 U N , m  
5
72
k

n 1 1 n 1
  n 1 n 1
5 W1N ,m  W1N ,m  2 W1N 1,m  W1N ,m1  W1N ,m1  W1N 1,m  W1N ,m1
n n n

 W1nN ,m1   1
 
W1nN11,m1  W1nN11,m1  W1nN 1,m1  W1nN 1,m1  ,
20 

f 2 N ,m :
5
36
 1
 
5 U 2nN,1m  U 2nN ,m  U 2nN11,m  U 2nN,1m1  U 2nN,1m1  U 2nN 1,m  U 2nN ,m1  U 2nN ,m1
2



1
20
 1
  
U 2nN11,m1  U 2nN11,m1  U 2nN 1,m1  U 2nN 1,m1  rp 5  A1  U1nN11,m  U1nN 1,m
6


  
 10 1  A1  U1nN,1m  U1nN ,m  5 A1  1 U1nN,1m1  U1nN,1m1  U1nN ,m1  U1nN ,m1 


1
2
 
1  A1  U1nN11,m1  U1nN11,m1  U1nN 1,m1  U1nN 1,m1  G2  U N , m   0 ,

3.27b 
 -١٨٠ -

: ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G2 U N , m  
5
72
k


n 1 n 1
 n 1 n 1 n 1
5 W2 N ,m  W2 N ,m  2 W2 N 1,m  W2 N ,m1  W2 N ,m1  W2 N 1,m
n

 W2nN ,m1  W2nN ,m1   1

 
W2nN11,m1  W2nN11,m1  W2nN 1,m1  W2nN 1,m1   ,
20 

f 3N ,m : U 3nN,1m  U 3nN ,m 
k
2
 
U 4nN1,m  U 4nN ,m  0 , 3.27c 

f 4 N ,m :
5
36
 1
 
A2 5 U 4nN,1m  U 4nN ,m  U 4nN11,m  U 4nN,1m1  U 4nN,1m1  U 4nN 1,m  U 4nN ,m1
2

 U 4nN ,m1   1
20

U 4nN11,m1  U 4nN11,m1  U 4nN 1,m1  U 4nN 1,m1 
1
  
 r  5  B2  U 3nN11,m  U 3nN 1,m  10 r 1  B2  U 3nN,1m  U 3nN ,m
6



  5 B2  1  U 3nN,1m1  U 3nN,1m1  U 3nN ,m1  U 3nN ,m1 


1
2
 
 1  B2  U 3nN11,m1  U 3nN11,m1  U 3nN 1,m1  U 3nN 1,m1  G4  U N , m   0 ,

3.27d 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G4 U N , m  
 k C2
3
 n 1
 5
 
n 1 1 n 1
  n 1
5 W4 N ,m  W4 N ,m  2 W4 N 1,m  W4 N 1,m  2 W4 N ,m1  W4 N ,m1
n n

 W4nN ,m1  W4nN ,m1   14 W n 1

4 N 1,m 1  
 W4nN11,m1  W4nN 1,m1  W4nN 1,m1  .

 -١٨١ -

:‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ f1N , N , f 2 N , N , f 3 N , N , f 4 N , N ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ lN , mN ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬-٩

f1N , N :
5
36
 1
 
5 U1nN,1N  U1nN , N  U1nN11, N  U1nN,1N 1  U1nN 1, N  U1nN , N 1
2



1
20

U1nN11, N 1  U1nN 1, N 1    16 rp  5  A   U 1
n 1
2 N 1, N  U 2nN 1, N 

  
 10 1  A1  U 2nN,1N  U 2nN , N  5 A1  1 U 2nN,1N 1  U 2nN , N 1 


1
 
1  A1  U 2nN11, N 1  U 2nN 1,N 1   G1  U N , N   0 , 3.28a 
2 

: ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G1 U N , N  
5
72
k

5W1
n 1
N , N
 W1
n
N , N

1
2
 
W1nN11, N  W1nN, N11  W1nN 1, N  W1nN , N 1 


1
 
W1nN11, N 1  W1nN 1, N 1  ,
20 

f 2 N ,N :
5
36
 1
 
5 U 2nN,1N  U 2nN , N  U 2nN11, N  U 2nN,1N 1  U 2nN 1, N  U 2nN , N 1
2



1
20

U 2nN11, N 1  U 2nN 1, N 1    16 rp  5  A   U 1
n 1
1 N 1, N  U1nN 1, N 

  
 10 1  A1  U1nN,1N  U1nN , N  5 A1  1 U1nN,1N 1  U1nN , N 1 


1
 
1  A1  U1nN11, N 1  U1nN 1, N 1   G2  U N , N   0 , 3.28b 
2 
 -١٨٢ -

: ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G2 U N , N  
5
72
k

 n 1 1
 
n 1 n 1
5 W2 N , N  W2 N , N  2 W2 N 1, N  W2 N , N 1  W2 N 1, N  W2 N , N 1
n n n



1
 
W2nN11, N 1  W2nN 1, N 1   ,
20 

f 3N , N : U 3nN,1N  U 3nN , N 
k
2

U 4nN1, N  U 4nN , N  0 ,  3.28c 

f 4 N ,N :
5
36
 1
 
A2 5 U 4nN,1N  U 4nN , N  U 4nN11, N  U 4nN,1N 1  U 4nN 1, N  U 4nN , N 1
2



1
20
 1
 
U 4nN11, N 1  U 4nN 1, N 1  r 5  B2  U 3nN11, N  U 3nN 1, N
6


  
 10 1  B2  U 3nN,1N  U 3nN , N   5 B2  1  U 3nN,1N 1  U 3nN , N 1 


1
2
 
 1  B2  U 3nN11,N 1  U 3nN 1,N 1  G4  U N , N   0 , 3.28d 

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

G4 U N , N  
 k C2
3


n 1 n 5
 
n 1 n
 
1 n 1
5 W4 N , N  W4 N , N  2 W4 N 1, N  W4 N 1, N  2 W4 N , N 1  W4 N , N 1
n



4

1 n 1 
W4 N 1, N 1  W4nN 1, N 1  .


 -١٨٣ -

:‫ ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ‬F U  ‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬

U n  1  U n  J 1 U n F U n     , n  0,1,2, 3.29

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 
t
U  U1tl ,m ,U 2t l ,m ,  ,U Nt l ,m ,


U l , m  U1l ,m , U 2 l ,m , U 3l ,m , U 4 l ,m  t
, l , m  1,2, , N .

‫ ﻭﳍـﺎ‬4  4 ‫ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺎﺕ‬J U  ‫ﰒ ﻧﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻛﻮﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬

:‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬
 f1,1 f1,1 f1,1 f1,1 f1,1 f1,1 f1,1 f1,1 f1,1 f1,1 
    
 U 1,1 U 1, 2 U 1,3 U 1, N U 2,1 U 2, 2 U 2, N U 3,1 U N 1, N U N , N 
 f1, 2 f1, 2 f1, 2 f1, 2 f1, 2 f1, 2 f1, 2 f1, 2 f1, 2 f 1, 2 
 U   
U 1, 2 U 1,3 U 1, N U 2,1 U 2, 2 U 2, N U 3,1 U N 1, N U N , N 
 1,1 
           
 f1, N f1, N f1, N f1, N f1, N f 1, N f1, N f1, N f1, N f1, N 
    
 U 1,1 U 1, 2 U 1,3 U 1, N U 2,1 U 2, 2 U 2, N U 3,1 U N 1, N U N , N 
 f 2,1 f 2,1 f 2,1 f 2,1 f 2,1 f 2,1 f 2,1 f 2,1 f 2,1 f 2,1 
    
 U 1,1 U 1, 2 U 1,3 U 1, N U 2,1 U 2, 2 U 2, N U 3,1 U N 1, N U N , N 
          
 f 2, N f 2, N f 2, N f 2, N f 2, N f 2, N f 2, N f 2, N f 2, N f 2, N 
    
J (U )   U 1,1 U 1, 2 U 1,3 U 1, N U 2,1 U 2, 2 U 2, N U 3,1 U N 1, N U N , N 
           
 f 3, N f 3, N f 3, N f 3, N f 3, N f 3, N f 3, N f 3, N f 3, N f 3, N 
    
 U 1,1 U 1, 2 U 1,3 U 1, N U 2,1 U 2, 2 U 2, N U 3,1 U N 1, N U N , N 
 
 
           
 
 
 f N 1, N f N 1, N f N 1, N

f N 1, N f N 1, N f N 1, N

f N 1, N f N 1, N

f N 1, N f N 1, N 
 U 1,1 U 1, 2 U 1,3 U 1, N U 2,1 U 2, 2 U 2, N U 3,1 U N 1, N U N , N 
 f f N , N f N , N f N , N f N , N f N , N f N , N f N , N f N , N f N , N 
 N ,N    
 U 1,1 U 1, 2 U 1,3 U 1, N U 2,1 U 2, 2 U 2, N U 3,1 U N 1, N U N , N 
 
 
3.30
 -١٨٤ -

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 f1 f1 f1 f1 

 U U 2 l ,m U 3l ,m U 4 l ,m 
 1l ,m 
 f 2 f 2 f 2 f 2 
f  U U 2 l ,m U 3l ,m U 4 l ,m 
 
1l ,m
, l , m  1, 2 ,  , N .
U l , m   f 3 f 3 f 3 f 3 
 U1 U 2 l ,m U 3l ,m U 4 l ,m 
 l ,m

 f 4 f 4 f 4 f 4 
 U1 U 2 l ,m U 3l ,m U 4 l ,m 
 l ,m 

:‫ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬J U  ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻛﻮﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬

f1
n 1

25
U jl ,m 36

1  k B1 U1nl ,m1 U 2nl,m1  10,, jj 11  53 rp 1  A   245 k Q
1 1l , m
 0, j  2
 1, j  2
  

25 0, j  3
 k C1 U 2nl,m1  , 3.31
72  1, j  3

f1
n 1

5

1  k B1U1nl 11,m U 2nl11,m  
0 , j  1 1  5 
 rp5  A1   k Q1l 1,m 
0 , j  2

U jl 1,m 72 1, j  1 6  24  1, j  2

5 0 , j  3
 k C1 U 2nl11,m  , 3.32
144 1, j  3

f1
n 1

5
1  k B1Un 1
1 U n 1
2  
0 , j  1 1  5 
 rp5  A1   k Q1l 1,m 
0 , j  2

U jl 1,m 72 1, j  1 6  24  1, j  2
l 1, m l 1, m

5 0 , j  3
 k C1 U 2nl11,m  , 3.33
144 1, j  3
 -١٨٥ -

f1
n 1

5
  0 , j  1 1 
1  k B1U1nl ,m11U 2nl,m11 
5  0 , j  2
 rp5 A1  1  k Q1l ,m1  
U jl ,m1 72 1, j  1 6  24  1, j  2

5 0 , j  3
 k C1 U 2nl,m11  , 3.34
144 1, j  3

f1
n 1

5
  0 , j  1 1 
1  k B1U1nl ,m11U 2nl,m11 
5  0 , j  2
 rp5 A1  1  k Q1l ,m1  
U jl ,m1 72 1, j  1 6  24  1, j  2

5 0 , j  3
 k C1 U 2nl,m11  , 3.35
144 1, j  3

f1

1
U njl11,m1 144
1 k B n 1 n 1
 0 , j  1
1 1l 1,m 1 2 l 1, m 1 
U U
1, j  1

1  1  0 , j  2 1 0 , j  3
 rp 1  A   k Q   k C U n 1
l 1, m 1 
,
12  l 1, m 1 
1 1 1 2
24  1, j  2 288 1 , j  3
3.36

f1
n 1

1
  0 , j  1
1  k B1 U1nl 11,m1U 2nl11,m1 
U jl 1,m1 144 1, j  1

1  1  0 , j  2 1 0 , j  3
 rp 1  A   k Q   k C n 1
1 2 l 1,m 1 
U ,
12 
1 1l 1, m 1 
24  1, j  2 288 1, j  3
3.37 
 -١٨٦ -

f1
n 1

1

1  k B1 U1nl 11,m1U 2nl11,m1 
0 , j  1
U jl 1,m1 144 1, j  1

1  1  0 , j  2 1 0 , j  3
 rp 1  A   k Q   k C n 1
1 2 l 1, m 1 
U ,
12 
1 1l 1, m 1 
24  1, j  2 288 1, j  3
3.38

f1
n 1

1

1  k B1 U1nl 11,m1U 2nl11,m1 
0 , j  1
U jl 1,m1 144 1, j  1

1  1  0 , j  2 1 0 , j  3
  rp 1  A1   k Q1l 1,m1    k C1 U 2nl11,m1  ,
12  24  1, j  2 288 1, j  3
3.39

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

  U 
Q1l ,m  B1 2 n 1
1 l ,m  
 3 U 22
n 1
l,m
 C U 
1
n 1
3 l ,m .

f 2
U njl,m1

5
3 
rp 1  A1  
5
k Q
 0, j  1 25
2 l ,m    1  k B U 
n 1
1 1l ,m U n 1 0, j  2
2 l ,m  
24  1, j  1 36 1, j  2

25 0, j  3
 k C1 U1nl ,m1  , 3.40
72  1, j  3

f 2 1 5  0 , j  1
n 1
  rp5  A1   k Q2 l 1,m  
U jl 1,m 6 24  1, j  1


5
  0 , j  2
1  k B1U1nl 11,m U 2nl11,m  
5
k C1U1nl 11,m
0 , j  3
 , 3.41
72 1, j  2 144 1, j  3
 -١٨٧ -

f 2 1 5  0 , j  1
n 1
  rp5  A1   k Q2 l 1,m  
U jl 1,m 6 24  1, j  1


5
  0 , j  2
1  k B1U1nl 11,m U 2nl11,m  
5 0 , j  3
k C1U1nl 11,m  , 3.42
72 1, j  2 144 1, j  3

f 2 1 5  0 , j  1
n 1
  rp5 A1  1  k Q2 l ,m1  
U jl ,m1 6 24  1, j  1


5
72
  0 , j  2
1  k B1 U1nl ,m11U 2nl,m11 
1 ,  2

5
144
0 , j  3
k C1 U1nl ,m11 
1 ,  3
, 3.43
 j  j

f 2 1 5  0 , j  1
n 1
  rp5 A1  1  k Q2 l ,m1  
U jl ,m1 6 24  1, j  1


5
  0 , j  2
1  k B1U1nl ,m11U 2nl,m11  
5 0 , j  3
k C1 U1nl ,m11  , 3.44
72 1, j  2 144 1, j  3

f 2 1  1  0 , j  1
n 1
  rp1  A1   k Q2 l 1,m1  
U jl 1,m1 12  24  1, j  1


1
  0 , j  2
1  kB1U1nl 11,m1U 2nl11,m1  
1 0 , j  3
k C1U1nl 11,m1  ,
144 1, j  2 288 1, j  3

3.45
 -١٨٨ -

f 2 1  1  0 , j  1
n 1
  rp1  A1   k Q2 l 1,m1  
U jl 1,m1 12  24  1, j  1


1
  0 , j  2
1  kB1U1nl 11,m1U 2nl11,m1  
1 0 , j  3
k C1 U1nl 11,m1  ,
144 1, j  2 288 1, j  3

3.46

f 2 1  1  0 , j  1
n 1
  rp1  A1   k Q2 l 1,m1  
U jl 1,m1 12  24  1, j  1


1
  0 , j  2
1  k B1 U1nl 11,m1U 2nl11,m1  
1 0 , j  3
k C1 U1nl 11,m1  ,
144 1, j  2 288 1, j  3

3.47 

f 2 1  1  0 , j  1
n 1
  rp1  A1   k Q2 l 1,m1  
U jl 1,m1 12  24  1, j  1


1
  0 , j  2
1  k B1 U1nl 11,m1U 2nl11,m1  
1 0 , j  3
k C1 U1nl 11,m1  ,
144 1, j  2 288 1, j  3

3.48

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 
Q2 l ,m  B1 3 U12  n 1
l,m
 
 U 22
n 1
l,m
 C U 
1
n 1
3 l ,m .

f 3 0, j  3 k 0, j  4
n 1
   . 3.49
U jl ,m 1, j  3 2 1, j  4
 -١٨٩ -

f 4  10  n 1 0, j  1 0, j  2 5 0, j  3

n 1
 k C 2 U1l ,m   U 2nl,m1    r 1  B2  
U jl ,m 3  1, j  1 1, j  2  3 1, j  3

25 0, j  4
 A2  , 3.50
36 1, j  4

f 4 5  n 1 0, j  1 0, j  2  1 0, j  3

 k C 2  U1l 1,m   U 2nl11,m    r 5  B2  
U njl11,m 3  1, j  1 1, j  2  6 1, j  3

5 0, j  4
 A2  , 3.51
72 1, j  4

f 4 5  0, j  1 0, j  2  1 0, j  3

n 1
 k C2  U1nl 11,m   U 2nl11,m    r 5  B2  
U jl 1,m 3  1, j  1 1, j  2  6 1, j  3

5 0, j  4
 A2  , 3.52
72 1, j  4

f 4 1  0, j  1 0, j  2  1 0, j  3

n 1
  k C2  U1nl ,m11   U 2nl,m11    r 5 B2  1 
U jl ,m1 3  1, j  1 1, j  2  6 1, j  3

5 0, j  4
 A2  , 3.53
72 1, j  4

f 4 1  n 1 0, j  1 n 1 0, j  2  1 0, j  3

  k C 2  U 1   U 2    r 5 B2  1 
U njl,m11 3 
l , m 1
1, j  1
l , m 1
1, j  2  6 1, j  3

5 0, j  4
 A2  , 3.54
72 1, j  4
 -١٩٠ -

f 4 1  n 1 0, j  1 0, j  2  1 0, j  3

 k C 2  U 1   U n 1
2    r 1  B2  
U njl11,m1 6 
l 1, m 1
1, j  1
l 1, m 1
1, j  2  12 1, j  3

1 0, j  4
 A2  , 3.55
144 1, j  4

f 4 1  n 1 0, j  1 0, j  2  1 0, j  3

 k C 2  U 1   U n 1
2    r 1  B2  
U njl11,m1 6 
l 1, m 1
1, j  1
l 1, m 1
1, j  2  12 1, j  3

1 0, j  4
 A2  , 3.56
144 1, j  4

f 4 1  n 1 0, j  1 0, j  2  1 0, j  3

 k C 2  U 1   U n 1
2    r 1  B2  
U njl11,m1 6 
l 1, m 1
1, j  1
l 1, m 1
1, j  2  12 1, j  3

1 0, j  4
 A2  , 3.57 
144 1, j  4

f 4 1  0, j  1 0, j  2  1 0, j  3

n 1
 k C2  U1nl 11,m1   U 2nl11,m1    r 1  B2  
U jl 1,m1 6  1, j  1 1, j  2  12 1, j  3

1 0, j  4
 A2  . 3.58
144 1, j  4

‫ ﺑـﻨﻔﺲ‬3.29 ‫ ﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻧﻴـﻮﺗﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭﻳـﺔ‬J U  ، F U  ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ‬

.‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬

 -١٩١ -

‫( دﻗﺔ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ دوﺟﻼس اﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ‬٣-٣)

Accuracy of Implicit Douglas Scheme

‫ﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﳊﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ‬

:‫ ﻧﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬3.1

 1  1  U ln,m1  U ln,m 
A 1   x2  1   y2   
 12   12   k 


B 
2 
2h  12 
1 

1   y2  U ln11,m  2U ln,m1  U ln11,m  U ln1,m  2U ln,m  U ln1,m 


C 
2 
2h  12 
1 

1   x2  U ln,m11  2U ln,m1  U ln,m11  U ln,m1  2U ln,m  U ln,m1 

1 2    U l ,m  U l ,m 
n 1 n
 1 2 
 1   x  1   y   D 0

,
 12   12    2 

l , m  1,2,  , N .
3.59

‫ ﰒ ﻧﻮﺟـﺪ‬، 3.59 ‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟـﺔ‬ uln,m ‫ ﺑﺎﳊﻞ ﺍﻟـﺪﻗﻴﻖ‬U ln,m ‫ﻧﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻝ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﱯ‬

‫؛ ﻓﻨﺤﺼﻞ‬ (Maple) ‫ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﱪﳎﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﺰﺓ‬xl , y m ,t n  ‫ﻣﻔﻜﻮﻙ ﺗﻴﻠﻮﺭ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬

:‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
 -١٩٢ -

1 2   ul , m  ul , m 
n 1
 1 2 
n
 u k  2u k 2  3u h 2    2u  2u 
A 1   x   1   y     A      2  2 
 12   12   k   t 2  t 2
6 t 3
12 t  x y 

n
kh 2  2   2u  2u  h 4    4u  4u  
      
 4u
 
24 t 2  x 2 y 2  144 t  x 4 x 2 y 2 y 4 
  k 3
 h 2 2
k  h 6
 ,  
l ,m

3.60

1
2h 2
  1 2  n 1
 n 1 n 1
 B 1  12  y  ul 1, m  2 ul , m  ul 1, m  ul 1, m  2 ul , m  ul 1, m
n n n

  

 1 

 C 1   x2  uln, m11  2 uln, m1  uln, m11  uln, m 1  2 uln, m  uln, m 1  
 12  

  2u  2u k     2u  2u   k 2  2   2u  2u 
 B  C     B  C 
2 
 
2 
B  C 
2 
 x 2
y 2
2 
 t x 2
y  4 t  x 2
y 

h 2    4u  4u    4u  4u  
  B     C 
 y 4 x 2 y 2  

12   x 4 x 2 y 2   

kh 2     4u  4u    4u  4u  
  B     C 
 y 4 x 2y 2  

24 t   x 4 x 2y 2   

n
h4   6u  

 6u

 B 4 2  C 2 4    k 3  h 2 k 2  h 6 
144  x y x y 
 , 3.61
l ,m
 -١٩٣ -

1 2    ul , m  ul , m   k  D u  k 2  2 D u 
n 1 n
 1 2
1   x  1   y   D  
  D u   
 12   12    2 
 2 t 4 t 2

h2   2 D u   2 D u   kh 2    2 D u   2 D u  
       
12  x
2
y 2  24 t  x
2
y 2 

h 4   4 D u   4 D u   4 D u  
n

 
144  x 4
 2 2 
x y y 
4
 
   k 3  h 2 k 2  h 6  .
l ,m

3.62

‫ ؛ ﳓﺼـﻞ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﳋﻄـﺄ‬3.59 ‫ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬3.62 3.60 ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬

:‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ l,nm ‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄـﻮﻉ‬

n n
 u  2u  2u  k   u  2u  2u 
T n
l ,m   A  B 2  C 2  Du    A  B  C  Du 
 t x y  l , m 2 t  t x y
2 2
l,m

n
h 2   2  u  2u  2u  2  u  2u  2u 
  2  A  B  C  D u  2  A  B  C  Du  
12  x  t x 2
y 2
 y  t x 2
y 2
 l , m

n
kh 2   3  u  2u  2u   3  u  2u  2u 
  2  A  B 2  C 2  Du   2  A  B 2  C 2  Du  
24  x t  t x y  y t  t x y  l , m

 k 2  3u k 2   2   2u  2u   h 4     4u  4u  4u 
 A   2  B  C  D u    144  t  x 4 y 4 x 2 y 2 
  A   
 6  t 3
4  t  x 2
y 2
   

n
  6u  6u    4 D u   4 D u   4 D u   
  B 4 2  C 2 4     2 2      ,
 x y x y   x x y y 
4 4
 l , m
3.63
 ‫‪-١٩٤ -‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ 3.6‬ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ 3.63‬ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻬﺑﺬﺍ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪:‬‬ ‫‪Tl n, m‬‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻮﻉ‬

‫‪ k 2  3u k 2‬‬ ‫‪  2   2u‬‬ ‫‪ 2u‬‬ ‫‪  h 4     4u  4u‬‬ ‫‪ 4u ‬‬
‫‪ A‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ 2  B 2  C 2  Du  ‬‬ ‫‪ A  4  4  2 2 ‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫‪T‬‬
‫‪l ,m‬‬
‫‪ 6 t‬‬ ‫‪ t  x‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪ 144  t  x‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪x y ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬

‫‪n‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ 6u‬‬ ‫‪ 6u    4 D u   4 D u   4 D u   ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪  B 4 2  C 2 4   ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬‫‪‬‬
‫‪ x y‬‬ ‫‪x y   x 4‬‬ ‫‪x 2y 2‬‬ ‫‪y 4  ‬‬ ‫‪ l , m‬‬

‫‪3.64‬‬

‫‪k, h‬‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻭﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻔـﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺆﻭﻝ ﻛﻞ ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫‪Tl n, m‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳋﻄـﺄ ﺍﳌﻘﻄـﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪k, h  0‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪Tl n,m  0‬‬

‫ﳑﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﻴﱢﺔ ‪ 3.59‬ﳊﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ‪ 3.1‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ) ‪.  ( k 2  h 4‬‬

 ‫‪-١٩٥ -‬‬

‫)‪ (٤-٣‬اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﺻﻴﻐﺔ دوﺟﻼس اﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ‬

‫‪Stability of Implicit Douglas Scheme‬‬

‫ﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺻﻴﻐـﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﳊﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴـﺔ‬

‫ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ‪ 3.1‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻓﻮﻥ ﻧﻴﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻔﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫‪G e‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪i l h i m h‬‬
‫‪e‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪l,m‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ x2U ln, m  4  sin 2‬‬ ‫‪n i l h i m h‬‬
‫‪G e‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪3.65‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2 ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪n i l h i m h‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ y2U ln, m  4  sin 2‬‬ ‫‪G e‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2 ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ‬ ‫‪G   4 4‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪ ,  ‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪i  1‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻕ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤـﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫‪G‬‬ ‫ﳌﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ‬

‫‪max  j  1‬‬
‫‪j‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪j  1, 2, 3, 4.‬‬ ‫‪3.66‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ ‪  j 4j 1‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﳌﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ‪. G‬‬

 -١٩٦ -

‫ ﻭﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬،‫ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸـﺮﻁ ﻳﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﳋﻄﻴـﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

:‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬3.6 ‫ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬

U  2U  2U
A B  C  U  0 , 3.67 
t  x2  y2

.‫ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

:‫ ﺗﻌﻄﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬3.67  ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳋﻄﻲ‬

 1  1 

A 1   x2  1   y2  U ln, m1  U ln, m 
 12   12 


k
2 h2
  1 2 2  1 2  2  n 1

 B 1  12  y  x  C 1  12  x  y  U l , m  U l , m
n

     


k  1 2  1 2  n 1

 1   x  1   y  U l , m  U l , m  0
2  12   12 
n
 , 3.68

:‫ ؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬3.68 ‫ ﰲ‬3.65 ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ‬

h 1 2 h 

A 1  
1 ih  ih
e  e  10 sin 2  sin
2 

G  I 
 36 2 3

 1   h 1 ih  ih h 
 k  2  B   4 sin 2  e e 
 2 sin 2  
 2h   2 3 2

h 1 ih  ih h  

 C   4 sin 2 
 e  e  2 sin 2 
2  

 2 3

 h 1 2 h  
 1
2  36

1 ih  ih
e  e  10 sin 2  sin
2 3
  G  I   0 ,
2  
3.69
 -١٩٧ -

:‫ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬3.69 ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬

 A G  I    G  I   0 , 3.70

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 k
 1
2
 B1  C2      ,
 2h 2 

h
1  4 sin 2 
2
 cos h  1 sin 2 h ,
2 3 2

h
 2  4 sin 2 
2
 cos h  1sin 2 h ,
2 3 2

 1
1
 cos h  5 sin 2 h  1 sin 2 h .
18 2 3 2

:‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ؛ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

 A   I  G   A   I   0 , 3.71

:‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻓﺈﻥ‬

G   A   I 1 A   I  , 3.72
 ‫‪-١٩٨ -‬‬

‫ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﳌﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ‪ G‬ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪  i‬‬ ‫‪2  2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪j ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪j ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪j 1‬‬ ‫‪, j  1,2,3. ‬‬
‫‪  i‬‬ ‫‪2  2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪3.73‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪A   i‬‬
‫‪4  2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪4 ‬‬
‫‪ A2 2   2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪4  1‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪A2   i‬‬ ‫‪ A2 2   2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ‪ 3.73‬ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ ‪  j 4j 1‬ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺼـﺤﻴﺢ‪،‬‬

‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪k ,h‬‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﻗﻴﻢ‬ ‫)‪(3.68‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻥ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﳔﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪k‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪h‬‬ ‫ﺃﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻗﻴﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺧﻄﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬

‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﱴ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﻗﺔ‪.‬‬

 ‫‪-١٩٩ -‬‬

‫)‪ (٥-٣‬اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ ﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ دوﺟﻼس اﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ‬

‫‪Numerical Results for Implicit Douglas Scheme‬‬

‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻗـﺔ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﳊﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴـﺔ ‪ 3.1‬ﻗﻤﻨـﺎ ﺑﺈﺟـﺮﺍﺀ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴـﺎﺑﻖ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ )ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﱐ ﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻉ ﻣـﻮﺟﺘﲔ ﻣﻨﻔـﺮﺩﺗﲔ‪،‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﱐ ﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻉ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪CON 2 , CON 1‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﲡﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﲝﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘـﺔ‬

‫‪L‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﻴـﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻼﻬﻧـﺎﺋﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪L  1  ‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬

‫‪1l ,m‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ iU 2nl ,m   1  xl , ym , t n ‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ max‬‬
‫‪1 l ,m N‬‬
‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫‪1l , m‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ iU 2nl ,m   1  xl , ym , t n  ,‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪L  2   U 3nl ,m   2  xl , ym , t n ‬‬ ‫‪ max U 3nl ,m   2  xl , ym , t n  .‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪1 l ,m N‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪3.74‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪max  1‬‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬

‫‪max  1  ( U1nl ,m ) 2  ( U 2nl ,m ) 2‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪3.75‬‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﲑﹰﺍ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪vx 2  v y 2‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪3.76‬‬

 -٢٠٠ -

‫( اﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘـﻮن اﻷﺣــﺎدي‬١-٥-٣)

:‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﺍﻟﺸـﺮﻁ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬

(12  A1 22 ) (12  B2 22  A2  2 )

 1  x, y ,0    e i
2 p tanh  , 3.77 
C1C212  B1 (12  B2 22  A2  2 )

C212 (12  A1 22 )

 2  x , y ,0  
C
 2 p tanh 2  ,
12  B2 22  A2  2 C1C21  B1 (1  B2 2  A2  )
2 2 2 2

3.78

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

  k1 x  k 2 y  0 ,   1 x   2 y   0 . 3.79

:‫ﰒ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬

1
A1  1 , B1  , C1  1 , A2  0 , B2  1 , C2  1 ,
2

1 1 1 1 1 1
1  , 2  , k1  , k2  , 0  , 0  ,
3 2 2 4 4 4

1
p , C 0 , tol  10  6 ,  20  x  30 ,  20  y  30 .
2
 ‫‪-٢٠١ -‬‬

‫ﺳﻨﻨﺎﻗﺶ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪k ,h‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﻴﻢ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪k  0.01 , h  0.025 , h  0.05 , h  0.1‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺔ‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫ﳓﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ‪ CON 2 , CON1‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻼﻬﻧﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﻄﺄ‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﻭﻝ ‪ 3  3  3  1‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍـﺎ‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺣﺼﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‬

‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﻭﻣﺘﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﻴﺴـﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻼﻬﻧﺎﺋﻲ ‪ ، L‬ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ ‪ 3  2  3  1‬ﲤﺜﻞ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻱ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪t  0 ,1,, 30‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪ 2 , 1‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪k  0.001 , h  0.025 , h  0.05 , h  0.1‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺔ‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻼﻬﻧﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﻄﺄ‬ ‫‪CON 2 , CON 1‬‬ ‫ﳓﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻧﻴﺔ ‪ V‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﻭﻝ ‪ 3  6  3  4‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍـﺎ‬

‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺛﺒﺎﺗـﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ‫‪k ,h‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺻﻐﺮﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﻗ ﹰﺔ ﻭﺗﻄﺎﺑﻘﹰﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻫـﻮ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪t  0 ,1,, 30‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻼﻬﻧﺎﺋﻲ‬
 ‫‪-٢٠٢ -‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪ : 3  1a ‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻄـﺄ ﻟﻠﺴـﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01 ,‬‬ ‫‪h  0.1 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Iteration‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪CON1‬‬ ‫‪CON 2‬‬ ‫‪L  1 ‬‬ ‫‪L  2 ‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000000‬‬ ‫‪0.000000‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657425‬‬ ‫‪0.000109‬‬ ‫‪0.000113‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪10.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843852‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000654‬‬ ‫‪0.000127‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843843‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000671‬‬ ‫‪0.000409‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪20.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843865‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000720‬‬ ‫‪0.000198‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪25.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843861‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000693‬‬ ‫‪0.000365‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪ : 3  1b ‬ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﺣﺴـﺎﺏ ﺳﺮﻋـﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘـﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪k  0.01 , h  0.1 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪Xl‬‬ ‫‪Ym‬‬ ‫‪max  1‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬

‫‪5.00‬‬ ‫‪9.4500‬‬ ‫‪9.4500‬‬ ‫‪9.5500‬‬ ‫‪1.7409‬‬

‫‪10.00‬‬ ‫‪3.5500‬‬ ‫‪3.0500‬‬ ‫‪0.0001‬‬ ‫‪2.0948‬‬

‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪12.1000‬‬ ‫‪9.1000‬‬ ‫‪3.0001‬‬ ‫‪6.5100‬‬

‫‪20.00‬‬ ‫‪-17.4500‬‬ ‫‪22.7500‬‬ ‫‪0.0111‬‬ ‫‪8.6076‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻵﻟﻲ‪63.656460 :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‬

 ‫‪-٢٠٣ -‬‬

‫ﻭﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪k  0.01 , h  0.1 , h  0.05 , h  0.025 / k  0.001 , h  0.1 , h  0.05 , h  0.025‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪0 ‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ﺳﻨﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﺑﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 3  1a ‬ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘـﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻠـﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  1‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-٢٠٤ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 3  1b ‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  1‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-٢٠٥ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 3  1c ‬ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  1‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-٢٠٦ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 3  2a ‬ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘـﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻠـﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  2‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-٢٠٧ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 3  2b ‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  2‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-٢٠٨ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 3  2c‬ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  2‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-٢٠٩ -‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪول ‪ : 3  2a ‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻟﻠﺴـﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.05 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Iteration‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪CON1‬‬ ‫‪CON 2‬‬ ‫‪L  1 ‬‬ ‫‪L  2 ‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000000‬‬ ‫‪0.000000‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000053‬‬ ‫‪0.000032‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪10.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000064‬‬ ‫‪0.000061‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843850‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000082‬‬ ‫‪0.000075‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪20.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843852‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000080‬‬ ‫‪0.000039‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪25.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843853‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000091‬‬ ‫‪0.000049‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪ : 3  2b ‬ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﺣﺴـﺎﺏ ﺳﺮﻋـﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘـﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.05 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪Xl‬‬ ‫‪Ym‬‬ ‫‪max  1‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬

‫‪5.00‬‬ ‫‪9.4000‬‬ ‫‪9.4500‬‬ ‫‪9.5003‬‬ ‫‪1.7481‬‬

‫‪10.00‬‬ ‫‪3.5000‬‬ ‫‪3.0000‬‬ ‫‪0.0005‬‬ ‫‪2.0946‬‬

‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪12.0500‬‬ ‫‪9.0500‬‬ ‫‪3.0003‬‬ ‫‪6.5185‬‬

‫‪20.00‬‬ ‫‪-17.5000‬‬ ‫‪22.8000‬‬ ‫‪0.0115‬‬ ‫‪8.6046‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻵﻟﻲ‪96.799203 :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‬

 ‫‪-٢١٠ -‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪ : 3  3a ‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻄـﺄ ﻟﻠﺴـﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.025 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Iteration‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪CON1‬‬ ‫‪CON 2‬‬ ‫‪L  1 ‬‬ ‫‪L  2 ‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000000‬‬ ‫‪0.000000‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000041‬‬ ‫‪0.000028‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪10.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000046‬‬ ‫‪0.000053‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843850‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000062‬‬ ‫‪0.000057‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪20.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000073‬‬ ‫‪0.000024‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪25.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843853‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000078‬‬ ‫‪0.000028‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪: 3  3b ‬ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﺣﺴـﺎﺏ ﺳﺮﻋـﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘـﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.025 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪Xl‬‬ ‫‪Ym‬‬ ‫‪max  1‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬

‫‪5.00‬‬ ‫‪9.4000‬‬ ‫‪9.4500‬‬ ‫‪9.5002‬‬ ‫‪1.7485‬‬

‫‪10.00‬‬ ‫‪3.5000‬‬ ‫‪3.0000‬‬ ‫‪0.0002‬‬ ‫‪2.0945‬‬

‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪12.0500‬‬ ‫‪9.0500‬‬ ‫‪3.0003‬‬ ‫‪6.5185‬‬

‫‪20.00‬‬ ‫‪-17.5000‬‬ ‫‪22.8000‬‬ ‫‪0.0112‬‬ ‫‪8.6056‬‬

‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ اﻵﻟﻲ‪ 146.692678 :‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

 ‫‪-٢١١ -‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪول ‪ : 3  4a ‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻟﻠﺴـﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.001‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Iteration‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪CON1‬‬ ‫‪CON 2‬‬ ‫‪L  1 ‬‬ ‫‪L  2 ‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000000‬‬ ‫‪0.000000‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000034‬‬ ‫‪0.000028‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪10.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000051‬‬ ‫‪0.000049‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843850‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000068‬‬ ‫‪0.000063‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪20.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843852‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000077‬‬ ‫‪0.000025‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪25.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843853‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000072‬‬ ‫‪0.000031‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪ : 3  4b ‬ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﺣﺴـﺎﺏ ﺳﺮﻋـﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘـﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.001‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪Xl‬‬ ‫‪Ym‬‬ ‫‪max  1‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬

‫‪5.00‬‬ ‫‪9.2500‬‬ ‫‪9.2500‬‬ ‫‪9.5000‬‬ ‫‪1.7402‬‬

‫‪10.00‬‬ ‫‪3.3000‬‬ ‫‪2.9000‬‬ ‫‪0.0002‬‬ ‫‪2.1083‬‬

‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪11.9000‬‬ ‫‪9.0000‬‬ ‫‪3.0001‬‬ ‫‪6.4606‬‬

‫‪20.00‬‬ ‫‪-17.4000‬‬ ‫‪22.6000‬‬ ‫‪0.0113‬‬ ‫‪8.6045‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻵﻟﻲ‪79.970197 :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‬

 ‫‪-٢١٢ -‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪ : 3  5a ‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻄـﺄ ﻟﻠﺴـﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.001‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.05 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Iteration‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪CON1‬‬ ‫‪CON 2‬‬ ‫‪L  1 ‬‬ ‫‪L  2 ‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000000‬‬ ‫‪0.000000‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000028‬‬ ‫‪0.000019‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪10.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000037‬‬ ‫‪0.000041‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000044‬‬ ‫‪0.000053‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪20.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000051‬‬ ‫‪0.000020‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪25.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000056‬‬ ‫‪0.000019‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪ : 3  5b ‬ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﺣﺴـﺎﺏ ﺳﺮﻋـﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘـﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.001‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.05 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪Xl‬‬ ‫‪Ym‬‬ ‫‪max  1‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬

‫‪5.00‬‬ ‫‪9.3000‬‬ ‫‪9.3000‬‬ ‫‪9.5002‬‬ ‫‪1.7544‬‬

‫‪10.00‬‬ ‫‪3.3000‬‬ ‫‪2.9000‬‬ ‫‪0.0001‬‬ ‫‪2.1006‬‬

‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪11.8500‬‬ ‫‪9.0000‬‬ ‫‪3.0001‬‬ ‫‪6.4511‬‬

‫‪20.00‬‬ ‫‪-17.4000‬‬ ‫‪22.6000‬‬ ‫‪0.0113‬‬ ‫‪8.6020‬‬

‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ اﻵﻟﻲ‪ 148.455180 :‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

 ‫‪-٢١٣ -‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪ : 3  6a ‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻄـﺄ ﻟﻠﺴـﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.001‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.025 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Iteration‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪CON1‬‬ ‫‪CON 2‬‬ ‫‪L  1 ‬‬ ‫‪L  2 ‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000000‬‬ ‫‪0.000000‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000018‬‬ ‫‪0.000009‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪10.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000025‬‬ ‫‪0.000026‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000023‬‬ ‫‪0.000022‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪20.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000031‬‬ ‫‪0.000014‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪25.00‬‬ ‫‪1.843851‬‬ ‫‪-0.657426‬‬ ‫‪0.000037‬‬ ‫‪0.000015‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪ : 3  6b ‬ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﺣﺴـﺎﺏ ﺳﺮﻋـﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘـﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.001‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.025 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪Xl‬‬ ‫‪Ym‬‬ ‫‪max  1‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬

‫‪5.00‬‬ ‫‪9.3000‬‬ ‫‪9.3000‬‬ ‫‪9.5001‬‬ ‫‪1.7545‬‬

‫‪10.00‬‬ ‫‪3.3000‬‬ ‫‪2.9000‬‬ ‫‪0.0000‬‬ ‫‪2.1005‬‬

‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪11.8500‬‬ ‫‪9.0000‬‬ ‫‪3.0002‬‬ ‫‪6.4510‬‬

‫‪20.00‬‬ ‫‪-17.3000‬‬ ‫‪22.6500‬‬ ‫‪0.0111‬‬ ‫‪8.6039‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻵﻟﻲ‪228.378263 :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‬

 -٢١٤ -

‫( اﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﳌﺠﻤﻮع ﻣﻮﺟﺘﲔ ﻣﻨﻔﺮدﺗﲔ‬٢-٥-٣)

‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﱐ ﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻉ ﻣﻮﺟﺘﲔ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺗﲔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬

:‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬
2 2
 1  x, y,0    1 j x, y,0  ,  2  x, y,0    2 j  x, y,0  , 3.80
j 1 j 1

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

(12  A1 22 ) (12  B2 22  A2  2 )

 1 j  x, y,0    e 3.81
i j
2 p tanh  j ,
C1C212  B1 (12  B2 22  A2  2 )

C212 (12  A1 22 )

 2 j  x , y ,0   2
C
 2 p tanh 2  j ,
1  B2 2  A2 
2 2
C1C21  B1 (1  B2 2  A2  )
2 2 2 2

3.82

 j  k1 x  k 2 y   0 j ,  j  1 x   2 y   0 j , j  1,2. 3.83

:‫ﰒ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬

1
A1  1 , B1  , C1  1 , A2  0 , B2  1 , C2  1 ,
2

1 1 1 1 1 2
1  , 2  , k1  , k2  ,  01  , 0 2  ,
3 2 2 4 4 3

1 2 1
 01  , 02  , p , C 0 , tol  10  6 ,
4 5 2

x1  10 , x2  30 , y1  10 , y2  30 .
 ‫‪-٢١٥ -‬‬

‫ﺳﻨﻨﺎﻗﺶ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪k ,h‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﻴﻢ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪k  0.01 , h  0.1‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪V‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻡ‬ ‫‪CON 2 , CON1‬‬ ‫ﳓﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﰲ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 3  7 ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘـﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ ‪ 3  4  3  3‬ﲤﺜﻞ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪t  0 ,1,, 80‬‬ ‫‪  2 ,  1‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪k  0.001 , h  0.025‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪V‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻡ‬ ‫‪CON 2 , CON 1‬‬ ‫ﳓﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﰲ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 3  8‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺻـﻐﺮﺕ‬

‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺛﺒﺎﺗﹰﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪k ,h‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺿـﺢ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﱐ ﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻉ ﻣﻮﺟﺘﲔ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺗﲔ‬

‫ﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺗﺼﻄﺪﻡ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺘـﺮﻙ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ‬

‫ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ ﰲ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺼﺎﺩ ٌﻡ ﻣﺮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﲣﺮﺝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼـﻬﺎ ﻛﺄﺷـﻜﺎﳍﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺎﻬﺗﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎﻬﺗﺎ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪-٢١٦ -‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪول ‪: 3  7a ‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﺴـﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﱐ ﺠﻤﻟﻤـﻮﻉ ﻣـﻮﺟﺘﲔ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺗﲔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 2 ‬‬ ‫‪,  01  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Iteration‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪CON 1‬‬ ‫‪CON 2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.00‬‬ ‫‪4.378413‬‬ ‫‪-1.236993‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪4.378439‬‬ ‫‪-1.236002‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪25.00‬‬ ‫‪4.378427‬‬ ‫‪-1.236980‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪39.00‬‬ ‫‪4.378368‬‬ ‫‪-1.235812‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪43.00‬‬ ‫‪4.378404‬‬ ‫‪-1.235774‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪60.00‬‬ ‫‪4.378460‬‬ ‫‪-1.236605‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪ : 3  7b ‬ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﺣﺴـﺎﺏ ﺳﺮﻋـﺔ ﻣﻮﺟـﺘﲔ ﻣﻨﻔـﺮﺩﺗﲔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 2 ‬‬ ‫‪,  01  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪Xl‬‬ ‫‪Ym‬‬ ‫‪max  1‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬

‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪31.00‬‬ ‫‪8.40‬‬ ‫‪0.0000‬‬ ‫‪0.622655‬‬

‫‪25.00‬‬ ‫‪34.10‬‬ ‫‪13.80‬‬ ‫‪0.0000‬‬ ‫‪0.940210‬‬
‫‪39.00‬‬ ‫‪44.00‬‬ ‫‪22.82‬‬ ‫‪0.0000‬‬ ‫‪1.060660‬‬
‫‪43.00‬‬ ‫‪47.00‬‬ ‫‪25.82‬‬ ‫‪0.0000‬‬ ‫‪0.338935‬‬
‫‪60.00‬‬ ‫‪51.10‬‬ ‫‪30.10‬‬ ‫‪0.0004‬‬ ‫‪0.198054‬‬

‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ اﻵﻟﻲ‪ 101.623755 :‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

 ‫‪-٢١٧ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 3  3a ‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻥ ﳌﻮﺟﺘﲔ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺗﲔ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  1‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 2 ‬‬ ‫‪,  01  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-٢١٨ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 3  3b ‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻥ ﳌﻮﺟﺘﲔ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺗﲔ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  1‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 2 ‬‬ ‫‪,  01  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-٢١٩ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 3  3c ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻥ ﳌﻮﺟﺘﲔ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺗﲔ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  1‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 2 ‬‬ ‫‪,  01  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-٢٢٠ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 3  4a ‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻥ ﳌﻮﺟﺘﲔ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺗﲔ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  2‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 2 ‬‬ ‫‪,  01  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-٢٢١ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 3  4b ‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻥ ﳌﻮﺟﺘﲔ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺗﲔ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  2‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 2 ‬‬ ‫‪,  01  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-٢٢٢ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 3  4c‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻥ ﳌﻮﺟﺘﲔ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺗﲔ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  2‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.1 ,  0 2 ‬‬ ‫‪,  0 1  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-٢٢٣ -‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪول ‪ : 3  8a ‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﺴـﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﱐ ﺠﻤﻟﻤـﻮﻉ ﻣـﻮﺟﺘﲔ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺗﲔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.001‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.025 ,  0 2 ‬‬ ‫‪,  01  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Iteration‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪CON 1‬‬ ‫‪CON 2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.00‬‬ ‫‪4.378413‬‬ ‫‪-1.236993‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪4.378422‬‬ ‫‪-1.236904‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪25.00‬‬ ‫‪4.378435‬‬ ‫‪-1.236942‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪39.00‬‬ ‫‪4.378400‬‬ ‫‪-1.236750‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪43.00‬‬ ‫‪4.378417‬‬ ‫‪-1.236801‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪60.00‬‬ ‫‪4.378432‬‬ ‫‪-1.236875‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪: 3  8b ‬ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﺣﺴـﺎﺏ ﺳﺮﻋـﺔ ﻣـﻮﺟﺘﲔ ﻣﻨﻔـﺮﺩﺗﲔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.001‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.025 ,  0 2 ‬‬ ‫‪,  01  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪Xl‬‬ ‫‪Ym‬‬ ‫‪max  1‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬

‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪31.10‬‬ ‫‪8.40‬‬ ‫‪0.0000‬‬ ‫‪0.612944‬‬

‫‪25.00‬‬ ‫‪34.00‬‬ ‫‪13.80‬‬ ‫‪0.0000‬‬ ‫‪0.961940‬‬
‫‪39.00‬‬ ‫‪44.00‬‬ ‫‪22.82‬‬ ‫‪0.0000‬‬ ‫‪1.060660‬‬
‫‪43.00‬‬ ‫‪47.00‬‬ ‫‪25.82‬‬ ‫‪0.0000‬‬ ‫‪0.340329‬‬
‫‪60.00‬‬ ‫‪51.00‬‬ ‫‪30.00‬‬ ‫‪0.0003‬‬ ‫‪0.205531‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻵﻟﻲ‪323.605991 :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‬

 -٢٢٤ -

‫( اﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﳌﺠﻤﻮع ﺛﻼث ﻣﻮﺟﺎت ﻣﻨﻔﺮدة‬٣-٥-٣)

‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤـﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﱐ ﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻉ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻔـﺮﺩﺓ‬

:‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬

3 3
 1  x, y,0   1 j  x, y,0  ,  2  x, y,0    2 j  x, y,0  , 3.84
j 1 j 1

:‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

(12  A1 22 ) (12  B2 22  A2  2 )

 1 j  x, y ,0    e 3.85
i j
2 p tanh  j ,
C1C212  B1 (12  B2 22  A2  2 )

C212 (12  A1 22 )

 2 j  x , y ,0  
C
 2 p tanh 2  j ,
12  B2 22  A2  2 C1C21  B1 (1  B2 2  A2  )
2 2 2 2

3.86

 j  k1 x  k 2 y   0 j ,  j  1 x   2 y   0 j , j  1,2,3. 3.87 

:‫ﰒ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬

1
A1  1 , B1  , C1  1 , A2  0 , B2  1 , C2  1 ,
2

1 1 1 1 1 2 1
1  , 2  , k1  , k2  ,  01  , 0 2  , 03  ,
3 2 2 4 4 3 7

1 2 3 1
 01  , 02  , 03  , p , C 0 , tol  10  6 ,
4 5 10 2

x1  10 , x2  30 , x3  50 , y1  10 , y2  30 , y3  50 .
 ‫‪-٢٢٥ -‬‬

‫ﺳﻨﻨﺎﻗﺶ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪k ,h‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﻴﻢ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪k  0.01 , h  0.1‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪V‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻡ‬ ‫‪CON 2 , CON 1‬‬ ‫ﳓﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﰲ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 3  9‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘـﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ ‪ 3  6  3  5‬ﲤﺜﻞ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪t  0 ,1,,100‬‬ ‫‪  2 ,  1‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪k  0.001 , h  0.025‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪V‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻡ‬ ‫‪CON 2 , CON1‬‬ ‫ﳓﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﰲ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 3  10‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺻـﻐﺮﺕ‬

‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺛﺒﺎﺗﹰﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪k ,h‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﱐ ﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻉ ﺛـﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺟـﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻴﺪ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﻭﺗﺘﺮﻙ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ‬

‫ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ ﰲ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺼﺎﺩ ٌﻡ ﻣﺮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﲣﺮﺝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼـﻬﺎ ﻛﺄﺷـﻜﺎﳍﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺎﻬﺗﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎﻬﺗﺎ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪-٢٢٦ -‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪول ‪ : 3  9a ‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﱐ ﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻉ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01 , h  0.1 ,  0‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪,  0 2  ,  0 1  ,  0 3  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Iteration‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪CON 1‬‬ ‫‪CON 2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.00‬‬ ‫‪5.213621‬‬ ‫‪-1.589207‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪5.199890‬‬ ‫‪-1.589170‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪30.00‬‬ ‫‪5.208623‬‬ ‫‪-1.587014‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪35.00‬‬ ‫‪5.224417‬‬ ‫‪-1.587750‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪50.00‬‬ ‫‪5.220506‬‬ ‫‪-1.588996‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪60.00‬‬ ‫‪5.212805‬‬ ‫‪-1.587602‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪: 3  9b ‬ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﺣﺴـﺎﺏ ﺳﺮﻋـﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺟـﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻔـﺮﺩﺓ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01 , h  0.1 ,  0‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪,  0 2  ,  0 1  ,  0 3  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪Xl‬‬ ‫‪Ym‬‬ ‫‪max  1‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬

‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪-1.50‬‬ ‫‪9.50‬‬ ‫‪0.0006‬‬ ‫‪1.353812‬‬

‫‪30.00‬‬ ‫‪-19.50‬‬ ‫‪19.00‬‬ ‫‪0.0000‬‬ ‫‪1.492673‬‬
‫‪35.00‬‬ ‫‪7.00‬‬ ‫‪24.00‬‬ ‫‪0.0052‬‬ ‫‪0.719886‬‬
‫‪50.00‬‬ ‫‪1.50‬‬ ‫‪20.45‬‬ ‫‪0.0077‬‬ ‫‪0.472157‬‬
‫‪60.00‬‬ ‫‪0.99‬‬ ‫‪11.30‬‬ ‫‪0.6677‬‬ ‫‪0.306525‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻵﻟﻲ‪242.565082 :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‬

 ‫‪-٢٢٧ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 3  5a ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻥ ﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  1‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01 , h  0.1 ,  0‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪,  0 2  ,  0 1  ,  0 3  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-٢٢٨ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 3  5b ‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻥ ﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  1‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01 , h  0.1 ,  0‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪,  0 2  ,  0 1  ,  0 3  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-٢٢٩ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ : 3  5c‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻥ ﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  1‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01 , h  0.1 ,  0‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪,  0 2  ,  0 1  ,  0 3  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-٢٣٠ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 3  6a ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻥ ﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  2‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01 , h  0.1 ,  0‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪,  0 2  ,  0 1  ,  0 3  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-٢٣١ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 3  6b ‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻥ ﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  2‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01 , h  0.1 ,  0‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪,  0 2  ,  0 1  ,  0 3  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-٢٣٢ -‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 3  6c‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻥ ﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  2‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.01 , h  0.1 ,  0‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪,  0 2  ,  0 1  ,  0 3  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪-٢٣٣ -‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪ : 3  10a ‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﱐ ﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.001 , h  0.025 ,  0‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪,  0 2  ,  01  ,  0 3  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Iteration‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪CON 1‬‬ ‫‪CON 2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.00‬‬ ‫‪5.213621‬‬ ‫‪-1.589207‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪5.210076‬‬ ‫‪-1.589331‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪30.00‬‬ ‫‪5.213894‬‬ ‫‪-1.588314‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪35.00‬‬ ‫‪5.215656‬‬ ‫‪-1.588579‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪50.00‬‬ ‫‪5.214970‬‬ ‫‪-1.589236‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪60.00‬‬ ‫‪5.214212‬‬ ‫‪-1.588004‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪: 3  10b ‬ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﺣﺴـﺎﺏ ﺳﺮﻋـﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺟـﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻔـﺮﺩﺓ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.001 , h  0.025 ,  0‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪,  0 2  ,  01  ,  0 3  ,  0 2  ,  01 ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪Xl‬‬ ‫‪Ym‬‬ ‫‪max  1‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬

‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪-1.50‬‬ ‫‪9.55‬‬ ‫‪0.0006‬‬ ‫‪1.351770‬‬

‫‪30.00‬‬ ‫‪-19.50‬‬ ‫‪19.00‬‬ ‫‪0.0000‬‬ ‫‪1.493012‬‬
‫‪35.00‬‬ ‫‪7.10‬‬ ‫‪24.25‬‬ ‫‪0.0055‬‬ ‫‪0.737925‬‬
‫‪50.00‬‬ ‫‪1.55‬‬ ‫‪22.45‬‬ ‫‪0.0078‬‬ ‫‪0.475393‬‬
‫‪60.00‬‬ ‫‪1.00‬‬ ‫‪11.00‬‬ ‫‪0.6686‬‬ ‫‪0.308641‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪405.637701‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ اﻵﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

 -٢٣٤ -



‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﲔ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ‬

Compared Between Numerical Methods

 ‫‪-٢٣٥ -‬‬

‫‪Introduction‬‬ ‫)‪ (١-٤‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣــﺔ‬

‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺳﻨﻌﺮﺽ ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﻣﺎ ﱠﰎ ﺍﳒﺎﺯﻩ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬

‫ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﻠﺘﲔ ﱠﰎ ﺍﺷﺘﻘﺎﻗﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﳘـﺎ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴـﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀـﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﳊﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪  2‬‬ ‫‪ 2 1 ‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪ p  21  A1‬‬ ‫‪2 ‬‬
‫‪  B1  1  1  C1 1 2  0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪ x‬‬ ‫‪y ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪A2‬‬
‫‪ 2 2   2 2‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ B2‬‬
‫‪ 2 2 ‬‬
‫‪2 ‬‬
‫‪  C2  1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪4.1‬‬
‫‪ x‬‬ ‫‪y ‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪xx‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪xL  x  xR‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪yL  y  yR‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪t0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ‪،‬‬ ‫) ‪ 2 ( x, y , t‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ ) ‪  1 ( x, y, t‬ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ ‪،‬‬

‫ﺛﻮﺍﺑﺖ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﲢﻘﻖ ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫‪p , Aj , B j , C j‬‬ ‫َﻭ ‪ j  1 ,2 ‬‬

‫‪p0 ,‬‬ ‫‪B1  0 , C1  0 , C2  0 ,‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ 1  x, y,0  g1  x, y ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪ , xL  x  xR‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪yL  y  yR‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪4.2‬‬
‫‪ 2  x, y,0  g 2  x, y ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫) ‪g 2 ( x, y‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ ‪،‬‬ ‫) ‪g 1 ( x, y‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬

 ‫‪-٢٣٦ -‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ 1  2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪at‬‬ ‫‪x  xL , xR‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪t0 ,‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪4.3‬‬
‫‪ 1  2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪at‬‬ ‫‪y  yL , yR‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪t0 . ‬‬
‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫)‪ (٢-٤‬ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﲔ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ‬

‫‪Compared Between Numerical Methods‬‬

‫ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﺍﻟـﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ‬

‫ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻵﱄ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.001‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.025 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻟﲔ ‪ 4  2, 4  1‬ﺍﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻮﺿﺤﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻟﻠﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ‪  2 , 1‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﱄ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺟﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻـﻴﻐﺔ‬

‫ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﺃﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻـﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧـﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴـﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻥ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﻗ ﹰﺔ ﻭﺛﺒﺎﺗﹰﺎ ﳊﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ‪. 4.1‬‬
 ‫‪-٢٣٧ -‬‬

‫ﻟﻠﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  1‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫‪L  1 ‬‬ ‫ﺟـﺪول ‪ : 4  1‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬

‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻭﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.001‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.025 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪Crank  Nicolson Scheme‬‬ ‫‪Douglas Scheme‬‬

‫‪5.00‬‬ ‫‪0.000033‬‬ ‫‪0.000018‬‬

‫‪10.00‬‬ ‫‪0.000042‬‬ ‫‪0.000025‬‬

‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪0.000049‬‬ ‫‪0.000023‬‬

‫‪20.00‬‬ ‫‪0.000051‬‬ ‫‪0.000031‬‬

‫‪25.00‬‬ ‫‪0.000052‬‬ ‫‪0.000037‬‬

‫ﻟﻠﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻟﺔ ‪  2‬ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫‪L  2 ‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪول ‪ : 4  2‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬

‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻭﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.001‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.025 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪Crank  Nicolson Scheme‬‬ ‫‪Douglas Scheme‬‬

‫‪5.00‬‬ ‫‪0.000039‬‬ ‫‪0.000009‬‬

‫‪10.00‬‬ ‫‪0.000041‬‬ ‫‪0.000026‬‬

‫‪15.00‬‬ ‫‪0.000044‬‬ ‫‪0.000022‬‬

‫‪20.00‬‬ ‫‪0.000047‬‬ ‫‪0.000014‬‬

‫‪25.00‬‬ ‫‪0.000048‬‬ ‫‪0.000015‬‬

 ‫‪-٢٣٨ -‬‬

‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺘﲔ ﳊﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ‪ 4.1‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻧﻴﺔ ‪ V‬ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 4  3‬ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﺃﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺘﲔ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻛﺜـﺮ ﺛﺒﺎﺗـﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺻـﻴﻐﺔ‬

‫ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧ ﹰﺔ ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﻠﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣـﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨــﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫ﺟـﺪول ‪ : 4  3‬ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﺍﻟﺴـﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻭﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.001‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.025 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪Crank  Nicolson Scheme‬‬ ‫‪Douglas Scheme‬‬

‫‪0.50‬‬ ‫‪1.7545‬‬ ‫‪1.7545‬‬

‫‪1.00‬‬ ‫‪2.1004‬‬ ‫‪2.1005‬‬

‫‪1.50‬‬ ‫‪6.4514‬‬ ‫‪6.4510‬‬

‫‪2.00‬‬ ‫‪8.6022‬‬ ‫‪8.6039‬‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﲑﹰﺍ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬

‫ﺍﳊﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻵﱄ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 4  4‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺃﻥ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧـﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴـﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﻓﻀـﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺳﺮﻋـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻵﱄ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧـ ﹰﺔ ﺑﺼـﻴﻐﺔ‬

‫ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﳊﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ‪. 4.1‬‬

 ‫‪-٢٣٩ -‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪول ‪ : 4  4‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻵﱄ ﳊﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻟﻠﺴﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀـﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪. k  0.001‬‬ ‫‪, h  0.025 ,  0 ‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Numerical Methods‬‬ ‫‪Execution Time‬‬

‫‪Crank  Nicolson Scheme‬‬ ‫‪65.614751‬‬

‫‪Douglas Scheme‬‬ ‫‪228.378263‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ‪ 4  4  4  1‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺩﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﰲ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻌـﺪﺩﻱ‬

‫ﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ‪ 4.1‬ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺩﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻵﱄ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﱃ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

 ‫‪-٢٤٠ -‬‬

‫‪Conclusion‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣-٤‬اﻟﺨﻼﺻــﺔ‬

‫ﺟـﺪول ‪ : 4  5‬ﻣﻘـﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳋﺼـﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴـﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻀـﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ ﳊﻞ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ‪. 4.1‬‬

‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ دوﺟﻼس اﻟﻀﻤﻨﱢﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﺮاﻧﻚ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻜﻠﺴﻮن اﻟﻀﻤ ﱢﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻮاص اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ‬

‫‪Douglas Scheme‬‬ ‫‪Crank  Nicolson Scheme‬‬ ‫‪Numerical properties‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺪﻗــــــــﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ) ‪.  ( k 2  h 4‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ) ‪.  ( k 2  h 2‬‬ ‫‪Accuracy‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﹰﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻘــــﺮار‬

‫‪Stability‬‬

‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺛﺒﺎﺗﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋـﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴـﺔ‬

‫‪Velocity‬‬

‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬

‫ﺗﺴﺘﻐﺮﻕ ﻭﻗﺘﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ اﻵﻟﻲ‬
‫‪Execution time‬‬

‫ﺃﻛﺜـﺮ ﺩﻗ ﹰﺔ ﻭﺛﺒﺎﺗﹰﺎ ﻭﺗﻮﺍﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﻣﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘـﺔ ﻣﻊ‬

‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﻄﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﻄﻰ‬ ‫‪Numerical results‬‬
-٢٤١ -
-٢٤٢ -
 -٢٤٣ -

‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟـــــﻊ‬
@ @

References

[1] J. M. Varah, On the Solution of Block-Tridiagonal Systems Arising from

Certain Finite-Difference Equations, Math. of Comput. Vol.26, No.120, 859-
868 (1972).

[2] D. Anker and N. C. Freeman, On the Soliton Solutions of the Davey-

Stewartson Equations for Long Waves, Proc. R. Soc. London A 360, 529-540
(1978).

[3] G. D. Smith, Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations Finite

Difference Methods, Second Edition, Oxfor Applied Mathematics and
Computing Sciences Series,(1978).

[4] A. R. Mitchell and D. F. Griffiths, The Finite Difference Method in Partial

Differential Equations, Johan Wiley, New York, (1980).

[5] M. K. Jain, Numerical Solution of Differential Equations, Second Edition,

Daryaganj, New Delhi,(1984).

[6] J. C. Strikwerda, Finite Difference Schemes and Partial Differential

Equations, Wadsworth, California,(1989).

[7] A. B. Shamardan, The Numerical Treatment of the Nonlinear

Schrödinger Equation, Comput. Math. Appl.Vol.19, No.7, 67-73 (1990).

[8] J. D. Hoffman, Numerical Methods for Engineers and Scientists,

McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York,(1993).

[9] K. W. Morton and D. F. Mayers, Numerical Solution of Partial

Differential Equations, Cambridge,(1994).

[10]M. S. Ismail, Numerical Analysis ,Dar Zahran, Jeddah,(1995).

[11] M. S. Ismail and R. F. Al-Bar, Numerical Treatment of the Nonlinear

Schrödinger Equation, Master's Degree in Science, (1996).

[12] M. Remoissenet, Waves Called Solitons, Springer, Berlin, (1996).

[13] J. Yang and D. J. Benney, Some Properties of Nonlinear Wave Systems,

Stud. Appl. Math. Vol.95, 111-139 (1996).
 -٢٤٤ -

[14] L. Debnath, Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations for Scientists and

Engineers, Birkhauser, Boston,(1997).

[15] J. Yang, Classification of the Solitary Waves in Coupled Nonlinear

Schrödinger Equations, Physica D. Vol.108, 92-112 (1997).

[16] B. Fornberg and T. A. Driscoll, A Fast Spectral Algorithm for Nonlinear

Wave Equations with Linear Dispersion, J. of Comput. Phys. Vol.155, 456-
467 (1999).

[17] J. Yang, Multisoliton Perturbation Theory for the Manakov Equations

and its Applications to Nonlinear Optics, phys. Rev. E. Vol.59, No.2, 2393-
2405 (1999).

[18] D. E. Pelinovsky and J. Yang, Internal Oscillation and Radiation

Damping of Vector Solitons, Stud. Appl. Math. Vol.105, 245 -261 (2000).

[19] J. Yang and Yu. Tan, Fractal Structure in the Collision of Vector
Solitons, Phys. Rev. L. Vol. 85, No.17, 3624-3627 (2000).

[20] M. S. Ismail and T. R. Taha, Numerical Simulation of Coupled Nonlinear

Schrödinger Equations, Math. Comput. Simu. Vol. 56, 547-562 (2001).

[21] B. Tan and J. P. Boyd, Stability and Long Time Evolution of the
Periodic Solutions to the Two Coupled Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations,
Chaos, Solitons and Fractals Vol. 12, 721-734 (2001).

[22] M. Wadati, Introduction to Solitons, J. Phys. Vol.57, No. 5, 841-847

(2001).

[23] W. Bao, F. F. Sun and G. W. Wei, Numerical Methods for the

Generalized Zakharov System, J. Comput. Phys. Vol.190, 201-228 (2002).

[24] B. Christophe, M. Norbert and S. Hans, Numerical Study of the

Davey-Stewartson System, France,(2004).

[25] M. S. Ismail and S. Z. Alamri, Highly Accurate Finite Difference Method

for Coupled Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations, International Journal of
Computer Mathematics, Vol.81, No.3, 333-351 (2004).

[26] S. C. Tsang and K. W. Chow, The Evolution of Periodic waves of the

Coupled Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations, J. Math. Comput. Simu. Vol.66,
555-564 (2004).

[27] Y. Zhou , M. Wang and T. Miao, The Periodic Wave Solutions and
Solitary Wave Solutions for a Class of Nonlinear Partial Differential
Equations, Physics Letters A 323,77-88 (2004).
 -٢٤٥ -

[28] R. L. Burden and J. D. Farise, Numerical Analysis, 8th ed, Brooks, Cole
Publishing Company, Pacific Grove U.S.A.,(2005).

[29] D. S. Mashat, A Simple Algorithm For Solitary-Wave Solutions of The

Benjamin Equation, Alex. Science Bulletin, Vol.43, (2005).

[30] M. S. Ismail and S. S. Al-Sayari, A linearly Implicit Schemes for the

Coupled Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations, Master's Degree in Science,
(2006).

[31] D. S. Mashat and M. A. Al-Ssabaai, A Finite Difference Method for the

Benjamin Equation, Master's Degree in Science, (2006).

[32] D. S. Mashat, L. A. Wazzan and M. S. Ismail, Petrove- Galerkin Method

and K(2,2) Equation, International Journal of Computer Mathematics,Vol.83,
No.3, 331-343 (2006).

[33] M. M. Sobh and S. M. Al-harby, Numerical Mathematics and

Computing, Al-Rushd, Riyadh,(2006).

[34] D. S. Mashat and F. M. Al-Da'jani, A Numerical Solution of Generalized

Zakharov Equations, Master's Degree in Science, (2007).

[35] M. S. Ismail and M. A. Al-Johani, Finite Difference Method for Solving

the Coupled Korteweg-de Vries Equation, Master's Degree in Science,
(2008).
-٢٤٦ -
-٢٤٧ -
 ‫‪-٢٤٨ -‬‬

‫ﻣﻠﺤﻖ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤــﺔ ﺍﳉـــﺪﺍﻭﻝ‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠــــــــــــــﺪول ‪......................................................................................‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪١٥..............................................................................................  1 1 ‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪٨١ ..............................................................................................  2  1 ‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪٨٨.............................................................................................  2  2 ‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪٨٩...............................................................................................  2  3 ‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪٩٠ ..............................................................................................  2  4 ‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪٩١ ..............................................................................................  2  5 ‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪٩٢..............................................................................................  2  6 ‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪٩٥..............................................................................................  2  7 ‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪١٠٢............................................................................................  2  8 ‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪١٠٥ ............................................................................................  2  9 ‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪١١٢ ........................................................................................... 2  10‬‬

 ‫‪-٢٤٩ -‬‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠــــــــــــــﺪول ‪......................................................................................‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪١٧١ ............................................................................................  3  1 ‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪١٧٨...........................................................................................  3  2 ‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪١٧٩............................................................................................ 3  3 ‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪١٨٠ ............................................................................................  3  4 ‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪١٨١ ............................................................................................  3  5 ‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪١٨٢............................................................................................  3  6 ‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪١٨٥............................................................................................  3  7 ‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪١٩٢............................................................................................  3  8 ‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪١٩٥ ............................................................................................  3  9 ‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪٢٠٢ ........................................................................................... 3  10‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪٢٠٥ ...........................................................................................  4  1 ‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪٢٠٥ ........................................................................................... 4  2 ‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪٢٠٦ ........................................................................................... 4  3 ‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪٢٠٧ ........................................................................................... 4  4 ‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ‪٢٠٨ ...........................................................................................  4  5 ‬‬

 ‫‪-٢٥٠ -‬‬

‫)ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ(‬

 ‫‪-٢٥١ -‬‬

‫ﻣﻠﺤﻖ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ‪..........................................................................................‬اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪٨٢ ..................................................................................................  2  1a ‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪٨٣ .................................................................................................  2  1b ‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪٨٤ ..................................................................................................  2  1c‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪٨٥..................................................................................................  2  2a ‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪٨٦ ..................................................................................................  2  2b ‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪٨٧ ..................................................................................................  2  2c‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪٩٦..................................................................................................  2  3a ‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪٩٧..................................................................................................  2  3b ‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪٩٨...................................................................................................  2  3c‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪٩٩ ..................................................................................................  2  4a ‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪١٠٠ ...............................................................................................  2  4b ‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪١٠١ ...............................................................................................  2  4c‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪١٠٦ ...............................................................................................  2  5a ‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪١٠٧................................................................................................  2  5b ‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪١٠٨................................................................................................  2  5c‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪١٠٩ ...............................................................................................  2  6a ‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪١١٠................................................................................................  2  6b ‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪١١١................................................................................................  2  6c‬‬
 ‫‪-٢٥٢ -‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ‪..........................................................................................‬اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪١٧٢ ................................................................................................  3  1a ‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪١٧٣ ...............................................................................................  3  1b ‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪١٧٤ ...............................................................................................  3  1c ‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪١٧٥................................................................................................  3  2a ‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪١٧٦ ...............................................................................................  3  2b ‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪١٧٧ ................................................................................................  3  2c‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪١٨٦................................................................................................  3  3a ‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪١٨٧................................................................................................  3  3b ‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪١٨٨................................................................................................  3  3c‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪١٨٩ ...............................................................................................  3  4a ‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪١٩٠ ...............................................................................................  3  4b ‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪١٩١ ...............................................................................................  3  4c‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪١٩٦ ...............................................................................................  3  5a ‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪١٩٧................................................................................................  3  5b ‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪١٩٨................................................................................................  3  5c‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪١٩٩ ...............................................................................................  3  6a ‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪٢٠٠................................................................................................  3  6b ‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪٢٠١................................................................................................  3  6c‬‬
 ‫‪-٢٥٣ -‬‬

‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟـﺔ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
 -٢٥٤ -

Summery of the Research

This research presents numerical study for a class of nonlinear partial

differential equations which have the following formula:

 1   2  2 1  2 
i  p  21  A1 2 
  B1  1  1  C1 1 2  0 , 
t  x y  


A2
 2 2   2 2
t 2
 
 x 2
 B2
 2 2 
 y 
2
  C 2  1
2
 xx
0 ,

 1
 


  x  ,   y   , t0 , 



Where:

 1 ( x, y, t ) is a complex function,  2 ( x, y, t ) is a real function,

and p , A j , B j , C j  j  1 ,2  are real constants which prove that:

p  0 , B1  0 , C1  0 , C2  0 . 2

With initial conditions:

 1  x, y,0  g1  x, y  , 

   x  ,   y  , 3
 2  x, y,0  g 2  x, y  , 


Where:

g1 ( x, y ) is a complex function, g 2 ( x, y ) is a real function.

And boundary conditions:

 -٢٥٥ -

 1  2 
 0 at x  xL , xR , t0 , 
x x

 4
 1  2 
 0 at y  yL , yR , t0 . 
y y 

This research consists of four chapters which can be

summarized as follows:

Chapter one:
In this chapter we study the class of nonlinear partial differential
equations (NPDEs) 1 , illustrating some of its properties then finding
analytical solution for it on the form:

(12  A1 22 ) (12  B2 22  A2  2 )

 1  x, y, t   ei f     ei 2 p tanh  , 5
C1C212  B1 (12  B2 22  A2  2 )

 2  x, y, t   g  
C212 (12  A1 22 )

C
 2 p tanh 2  , 6
12  B2 22  A2  2 C1C21  B1 (1  B2 2  A2  )
2 2 2 2

Where:

  k1 x  k 2 y   t   0 ,   1 x   2 y   t   0 ,


   p 2  12  A1  22   k12  A1 k 22    C1 C
  B2  22  A2  2
2
,
1

  2 p  k1 1  A1 k 2 2  ,

C is an integration constant,  1 ,  2 , k1 , k 2 ,  ,  ,  0 ,  0 are real

constants.
 -٢٥٦ -

This solution called soliton and it is a word used for nonlinear wave
equations solution that moves with time, keeping its qualities as its shapes
and its speeds after collision.

We also prove that the class of nonlinear partial differential equations 1
conserved quantities both of mass and momentum:

1-Mass conservation:

 

 
2
 1 dx dy  constant , 7 
 

 

 
2
 2 dx dy  constant . 8
 

2-Momentum conservation:

 
  2 1  2 1 
  i  1 x y  1 x y  dx dy  constant . 9
  

Then we clarify how to solve the linear systems by using Crout's Method.
Finally we describe Newton's Iterative Method for solving nonlinear systems
which benefit us to solve the nonlinear systems of equations that result from
implicit methods that will be used to find solution for the class of equations 1 .

Chapter Two:

In this chapter we make derivation of numerical method to solve the class

of equations 1 by using Finite Difference Method and supposing that:
 -٢٥٧ -


 1  x, y, t   u1  x, y, t   i u 2  x, y, t  , 



 2  x, y , t   u 3  x , y , t  ,  10


u 3 
 u 4  x, y , t  , 
t

Where  u  x, y , t  
j
4

j 1
are real functions.

By substituting from 10 in the class of equations 1 , we get:


u1
t
  2u
 p  22  A1
 2u 2 
2 
 
 u2 B1 u12  u22  C1u3  0   , 
 x y  


u2
t
  2u  2u 
 
 p  21  A1 21   u1 B1 u12  u 22  C1u3  0   ,


 x y  

 11
u3 
 u4  0 , 
t 


u4   2u3  2u3  
A2   2  B2
t  x y 2 
 C2 u12  u22  xx
0 . 


System 11 can be written in matrix vector form as:

U  2U  2U
A  B 2 C  D U   0 , 12
t x  y2

Where:
 -٢٥٨ -

 u1  1 0 0 0
u  0 1 0 0 
U   2 , A  ,
u 3  0 0 1 0
   
u 4  0 0 0 A2 

 0 p 0 0  0 p A1 0 0
 p 0 0 0  p A1 0 0 0
B  , C  ,
 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0
   
 0 0 1 0  0 0  B2 0

 D1 u  0 0 0 
 0 D2 u  0 0 
DU    ,
 0 0 D3 u  0 
 
 0 0 0 D4 u 

  
D1 u   u2 B1 u12  u22  C1 u3  ,  
D2 u    u1 B1 u12  u22  C1 u3   ,

D3 u    u4 , 
D4 u   C2 u12  u22 
xx .

Now by approximating the second derivation of distance by using central

differences formula of second order at point  xl , y m , t n  then using implicit

midpoint rule of second order, we get Implicit Crank-Nicolson Scheme for

solving system 12  on the form:

  
A U ln,m1  U ln,m  r1 U ln11,m  2U ln,m1  U ln11,m  U ln1,m  2U ln,m  U ln1,m 
   
 r2 U ln,m11  2U ln,m1  U ln,m11  U ln,m1  2U ln,m  U ln,m1  k D U l*,m  0 , 13

Where:
 -٢٥٩ -

kB kC U ln, m1  U ln, m

r1  2 , r2  2 , U *
l ,m  ,
2h 2h 2

l , m  1, 2 ,  , N , n  0 ,1,, NT .

System 13 is a nonlinear block system that can be solved by one of

iterative methods as Newton's Method for solving nonlinear systems as we
clarify in course of the research.

Then we study numerical properties of Implicit Crank-Nicolson

Scheme 13 , we were able to prove that the accuracy of this numerical

formula is second order in distance and time  ( k  h ) , but in terms of

2 2

stability the numerical formula is unconditionally stable where there are no

conditions on h , k . It means that there is no restrictions on the measurement

of distance step h and time step k , but we must choose these values
carefully so that we can get more accurate and stable results.

At the end of this chapter, we have listed some of numerical experiences

for Implicit Crank–Nicolson Scheme by choosing different values of the
variables h , k ,  0 , 0 . Then we calculated conserved quantities, the amount

of error and speed in case of single soliton, we found that solitary wave
moves maintaining its speed and its height during and after collision. But
when we sending two solitons with different speeds moving in different
directions, we note that collision is flexible. This also happens when we send
three solitons with different speeds moving in different directions the collision
would be flexible. As it is clarified in tables and illustrations contained in
numerical results of Implicit Crank–Nicolson Scheme.
 -٢٦٠ -

Chapter Three:

In this chapter we make derivation of another numerical method to solve

the class of equations 1 by using Finite Difference Method and approximating
the second derivation of distance by using central differences formula of
fourth order at point  xl , y m , t n  then using implicit midpoint rule of second

order, so that we can get Implicit Douglas Scheme for solving system 12 on
the form:

    
P1 U ln,m1  P2 U ln,m  P3 U ln11,m  U ln11,m  P4 U ln1,m  U ln1,m  P5 U ln,m11  U ln,m11 
  
 P6 U ln,m1  U ln,m1  P7 U ln11,m1  U ln11,m1  U ln11,m1  U ln11,m1 
  
 P8 U ln1,m1  U ln1,m1  U ln1,m1  U ln1,m1  G U l*,m  0 ,  14

Where:

5 5  5 5 
P1   A  r1  r2  , P2    A  r1  r2  ,
3 12  3 12 

15  15 
P3   A  5 r1  r2  , P4    A  5 r1  r2  ,
6 12  6 12 

15  15 
P5   A   r1  5 r2  , P6    A   r1  5 r2  ,
6 12  6 12 

1 1  1 1 
P7   A  r1  r2  , P8    A  r1  r2  ,
12 12  12 12 
 -٢٦١ -

   25
G U l*, m  k  
D U l*, m  5
       
D U l*1, m  D U l*1, m  D U l*, m 1  D U l*, m 1 
 36 72


1
         
D U l*1, m 1  D U l*1, m 1  D U l*1, m 1  D U l*1, m 1  ,
144 

kB kC U ln, m1  U ln, m

r1  2 , r2  2 , U l , m 
*
, l , m  1,2, , N , n  0 ,1, , NT .
2h 2h 2

System 14 is a nonlinear block system that can be solved by Newton's

Method for solving nonlinear systems. We also studied properties of
numerical method 14 , we were able to prove that accuracy of numerical

formula is fourth order in distance and second order in time  ( k  h ) , but

2 4

in terms of stability numerical formula is unconditionally stable where there

are no conditions on h , k . It means that there is no restrictions on the

measurement of distance step h and time step k , but we must choose these
values carefully so that we can get more accurate and stable results.

At the end of this chapter, we adduce the same numerical experiences

that are in chapter two using Implicit Douglas Scheme by choosing different
values of the variables h , k ,  0 , 0 . As it is clear from tables and illustrations

contained in numerical results of Implicit Douglas Scheme.

Chapter Four:

In this chapter we presented a summary of what we have achieved in

this research by making comparison between numerical results of Implicit
Crank–Nicolson Scheme implied in the second chapter and numerical results
of Implicit Douglas Scheme implied in the third chapter in terms of accuracy,
stability, wave speed and time required for implementation of program on
computer. It should be noted that results of Implicit Douglas Scheme is high
resolution and consistent with theoretical characteristics of the system given
to a large extent and almost identical with numerical results contained in
 -٢٦٢ -

chapter two but with better accuracy. Although the Implicit Douglas Scheme
takes longer time to implement program on computer comparing to Implicit
Crank–Nicolson Scheme.

This leads us to conclude that Implicit Douglas Scheme is more accurate

and stable than Implicit Crank-Nicolson Scheme to solve the class of
equations 1 .
 -٢٦٣ -

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Ministry of Higher Education

Umm  AL‐Qura University

College of Applied Sciences

Department of Mathematics 

Numerical Study of a Class of Nonlinear

Partial Differential Equations

A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for 
Degree of Philosophy Doctorate  in Sciences ‐ Pure Mathematics 
(Numerical Analysis)

Prepared by Researcher

Kholood Mohammad Ala'a Adden Abou Al-naja

Lecturer in College of Applied Sciences - Department of Mathematics
Umm Al-Qura University – Makkah

Supervised by

Dr. Daoud Suliman Mohammad Mashat

Associate Professor of Numerical Analysis in Department of Mathematics
King Abdulaziz University – Jeddah

1430 A.H. – 2009 A.D.

-٢٦٤ -