A decision support system, or DSS, is an application on a computer that gathers, systematizes and probes

business data to facilitate quality business decision-making for management, procedures and developing.
Well-made decision support systems aid decision makers in organizing an array of data from many basis:
raw data, records, information from employees, business models, management and executives. Decision
support system analysis helps corporations to specify and work out problems, and choose decisions. Way
back in the early 1970s, decision support systems technology and applications have gone forward
significantly. Many technological and organizational improvements have put forth an impact on this
progression. Decision support systems once employed more limited modeling, user interface and database
functionality, on the contrary, technological innovations have been made possible far more effective
decision support system functionality. Decision support systems once supported individual decision-
makers, but later decision support systems technologies were put on to workgroups or teams, chiefly virtual
teams. The arrival of the Web has allowed inter-organizational decision support systems, and has given
ascension to a number of new applications of existing technology as well as many new decision support
technology themselves. It seems to be expected that mobile e-services, mobile tools and wireless Internet
protocols will be a sign of the next most important set of developments in decision support systems.

Decision support systems are computer technology problem-solvers that can be used to assist decision
making and problem solving. Decision support systems have developed from two main areas of study-the
theoretical studies of organizational decision making (Simon, Cyert, March, et al.) conducted at the
Carnegie Institute of Technology in the late years of 1950 and early years of 1960 and the technical work
carried out at MIT in the 1960s (Gerrity, Ness, et al.).

Starting in the early years of 1990, four effective tools came into view for building decision support systems.
The first new tool for decision support was the data warehouse. The two new tools that came into sight
following the preface of data warehouses were on-line analytical processing, or OLAP, and data mining.
The fourth new tool set is the technology associated with the World Wide Web. The Web has drawn
enormous interest in the past years ant it may have an even greater impact in the years that went ahead.
All of these tools remain “hot” subjects in both corporate and academic computing publications.
A transaction processing system gives a means to gather, develop, store, display, modify or cancel
transactions. Most of these systems allow different transactions to be made concurrently. The data that
this system gathers is usually placed and stored in databases which can be utilized to produced accounts
and reports such as billing, wages, inventory summaries, manufacturing schedules, or check registers.

The transaction processing system, or TPS, is a computer-based system that executes and records the
daily routine transaction necessary to do the business. They serve the organization operation level.
Transaction processing systems monitor the status of operation and connections with external
environment. Transaction processing system is also a system that predefines structured goals and also
helps with managerial decision making.

Transaction processing systems have several features. Its first feature is its performance and has fast
response and can perform transactions concurrently. The second feature is its continuous availability;
you can access all the stored data instantly. It also features data integrity and modular growth.

In computer science, transaction processing is processed data that is divided into individual indivisible
operations called transactions. Each transaction must either succeed or fail as a complete unit; it can
never be only partially complete. For example, when you buy an item from an online store, you
exchange money in the form of credit to pay for that specific item, if your credit is good, a series of
related operations ensures that you get the book and the online store gets your money. However, if a
single operation in the series fails during the exchange, the entire exchange fails, you do not get the
item and the online store does not get your money. The technology responsible for making the
exchange balanced and predictable is called transaction processing. Transactions ensure that data-
oriented resources are not permanently updated, unless all operations within the transactional unit
complete successfully by combining a set of related operations into a unit that either completely
succeeds or completely fails. One can simplify error recovery and make one’s application more reliable
transaction processing systems consist of computer hardware and software hosting a transaction-
oriented application that performs routine transactions necessary to conduct business. Examples
include systems that manage sales order entry, airline reservations, payroll, employee records,
manufacturing and shipping. Since most, though not necessarily all, transaction processing today is
interactive the term is often treated as synonymous with online transaction processing. Transaction
processing is designed to maintain a system’s integrity, typically a database or some modern file systems
in a known consistent state by ensuring that interdependent operations on the system are either all
completed successfully or all cancelled successfully. For example, consider a typical banking transaction
that involves moving 30,000 pesos from a customer’s savings account to a customer’s checking account,
this transaction involves at least two separate operations and computer terms debiting the savings
account by 30,000 pesos crediting the checking account by 30,000 pesos, if one operation succeeds but
the other does not, the books of the bank will not balance at the end of the day, there must, therefore,
be a way to ensure that either both operations succeed or both fail, so that there is never any
inconsistency in the bank’s database as a whole. Transaction processing links multiple operations in a
single indivisible transaction and ensures that either all operations in a transaction are completed
without error or none of them are, if some of the operations completed but errors occur when the
others are attempted, the transaction processing system rolls back all of the operations of the
transaction, including the successful ones, thereby, erasing all traces of the transaction and restoring the
system to the consistent known state that it was in before processing of the transaction began. If all
operations of a transaction are completed successfully, the transaction is committed by the system and
all changes to the database are made permanent. The transaction cannot be rolled back once this is
done. Transaction processing guards against hardware and software errors that might leave a
transaction partially completed, if the computer system crashes in the middle of transaction, the
transaction processing system guarantees that all operations and any uncommitted transactions are
cancelled. Generally, transactions are issued concurrently, if they overlap, that is need to touch the
same portion of the database. This can create conflicts. For example, if the customer mentioned in the
example above has 7,500 pesos in his savings account and attempts to transfer 5,000 pesos to a
different person while at the same time moving 5,000 pesos to the checking account, only one of them
can succeed. However, forcing transactions to be processed are sequentially inefficient. Therefore,
concurrent implementations of transaction processing is programmed to guarantee that the end result
reflects a conflict-free outcome, the same as could be reached if executing the transactions sequentially,
in any order a property called serializability. In our example, this means that no matter which
transaction was issued first, either the transfer to a different person or the move to the checking
account succeeds while the other one fails.