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Wound: Abnormal Break in Skin Which Permits The Escape of Blood, and May Aloow The
Wound: Abnormal Break in Skin Which Permits The Escape of Blood, and May Aloow The
Wound: Abnormal Break in Skin Which Permits The Escape of Blood, and May Aloow The
Wound: Abnormal break in skin which permits the escape of blood, and may aloow the
entrance of germs, causing infection.
Types of Wound:
1. Incise Wound – Clean cut caused by sharp instrument.
2. Laceration Wound – Jagged cut or tear caused by sharp irregular edges.
3. Contusion – Caused by blunt instrument / fall against hard surface. Skin is not broken.
4. Abrasion – Simple scrapes and scratches usually from a sliding fall.
5. Puncture Wound – Penetrating wound by sharp, pointed instrument. Can result in
serious internal injury.
6. Stab Wound – Caused by a bladed object.
7. Gun Shot Wound
Wound Management:
Slight Bleeding
-Wash your hands and wear a pair of gloves.
- Rinse wound with running water.
- Dab gently to dry.
- Apply direct pressure or elevation if bleeding still occurs.
- Cover wound with sterile swab.
- Clean surrounding area of skin with water and soap.
- When cleaning, wipe away from wound and use each swab only once.
- Avoid wiping away blood clots.
- Pat dry.
- Dress wound with adhesive dressing.
Severe Bleeding
Aim of managing severe bleeding: a) control bleeding b) minimize risk of infection
1
- Lay casualty down to prevent shock.
- Support injured part.
- Send to hospital.
- Wash hands.
Bandaging:
1. Triangular bandage (Reef Knot – L over R; R over L)
2. Broad bandage
3. Narrow bandage
Fracture: A break or crack in the bone caused by direct force and indirect force.
Type:
1. Closed or simple fracture (no wound)
2. Open or compound fracture (wound is present)
3. Comminuted (totally crushed)
4. Green stick injury (In children; mixture of bend and break)
5. Unstable fracture
Dislocation: Displacement of a bone at a joint caused by strong force, wrenching the bone
into an abnormal position or violent muscle contraction.
Strains: Partial tearing of the muscles at the junction of muscle and tendon that joins it to a
bone.
Cramp in Calve:
1. Straighten the knee.
2. Draw the foot firmly and steadily upwards towards the shin.
3. Massage.
3
2. Massage the muscles.
Lifting Method:
Casualty is conscious and able to walk:
4
1. Use the human crutch
Casualty is conscious but unable to walk:
1. Pick-a-back
2. Drag method
3. 4 handed seat
4. 3 handed seat
5. 2 handed seat
6. Fore & aft
7. Carry chair
Casualty is unconscious:
1. Cradle method
2. Drag method
3. Fore & aft
4. Stretcher method