Group No: <Your group #> ME 407 – Spring 2015 1/4

(R1 - To be placed in the Main Text of the Final Report)

LITERATURE SURVEY

KEYWORD: <Keyword 1>, <Keyword 2>, …

I. INTRODUCTION
Cardiopulmonary (CPR) resuscitation is a well-known and widely applied method for
the patients which suffer from cardiac arrest to resuscitate them. Cardiac arrest is
stopping of the functionality of heart for blood pumping due to various reasons like
hearth attack, electrical shocking etc. Patients who suffer cardiac arrest should be
immediately otherwise permanent brain damage is most likely to occur. The main
reason for choosing automated CPR devices is to eliminate the human errors like
maintaining constant force to be applied to the chest, frequency of the compression,
maintaining constant depth of compression etc. It is obvious that manual CPR can be
very challenging in many circumstances of cardiac arrest compared to automated CPR
devices such as when CPR procedure is needed to be applied in extended periods of time
(60-120 mins) it is better to be handled with automated equipment and also in moving
ambulances CPR devices provides reliable chest compression with minimum
interruptions. CPR devices are to be used in both outside and inside of the hospital so
they need to be designed accordingly (portable, self-contained, easy accessible,
lightweight). The devices contain components such as input force control unit and valve,
load cell, power provider (electric motor DC or AC), piston/cylinder or belts
(differentiated on application). The frame needs to withstand 300 N forces. This report
contains sections of commercial products, state-of-the-art on related technologies, patent
literature search and conclusion. In the first part some example commercial products
are compared, secondly related technologies are investigated and presented in the state-
of-art section and finally, the relevant patents are discussed

You are expected to conduct a comprehensive survey on existing products, previous

studies and designs, state-of-the-art and patents that will guide you in your design
process. Explain which relevant fields are surveyed and the corresponding reasons.

II. COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS

In this section 5 commercially available products are examined in the perspective of
basic working principles.

ZOLL Autopulse Model 100:

This product is designed for use in adults over 18 years old. This product is appropriate
for use of medically trained personal such as medical technicians, paramedics, nurses,
police, physicians, fire rescue personal etc. Maximum displacement allowed for CPR
process is variable as 20% reduction in anterior-posterior chest depth. Duty cycle is 50 ±
5%. Because of belts system maximum patient chest width permitted varies between 25
to 38 cm and maximum patient weight permitted is 136 kg. System working sternum
height permitted is 76 to 136 cm. System consists of 4 main components: Autopulse
platform, Lifeband (belt), Autopulse battery, Autopulse battery charger. The device
delivers 80 ± 5 compressions per minute and it provides 30:2 (30 compressions with 1.5
seconds ventilation pulses), 15:2 or continuous compression cycles. The device is
relativelty lightweight and portable, it is 9.3 kg (battery excluded) in weight and its
Group No: <Your group #> ME 407 – Spring 2015 2/4

dimensions in length, with height is 86.2 cm, 44.7 cm and 7.6 cm respectively. Its control
panel display is Dot matrix liquid crystal display and adjustable contrast. The working
temperature and storage temperature of the device is 0 °C to 40 °C and -20 °C to 60 °C
respectively. Run time of the devices operating with a nominal patient is specified as 30
minutes. Rechargeable battery weighs 2.3 kg and its length, width, height dimensions
are 29.2 cm 8.1 cm and 5.7 cm respectively. Rechargeable Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH)
is employed with 32.4 V nominal battery voltages and a capacity of 3200 mAh.
Maximum battery charge time is less than 4.25 hours around 25 °C environmental
temperature. Each battery has a lifetime of 100 charge/discharge cycles. Battery
charger weighs 4.5 kg and its length, width, height dimensions are 38 cm 25 cm and 23
cm respectively. Input AC voltage is between 100 to 240 V, and input current is
maximum 2 amperes.
The device is mainly automated, portable, battery-powered chest compressor which aims
to eliminate the manual chest compression operator fatigue and enable the operator
attend to other patient needs like ventilation. The system contains a platform to fix the
patient and enables the operator to control and supply the force required for the specific
CPR procedure. The LDB (lifeband load-distributing band) delivers the compressions to
patient’s heart area and it must be fixed to platform before each process. The battery
delivers the required power for prolonged CPRs and battery charger system recharged
the battery for extended uses. Also from the control panel various modes can be selected
and the battery life can be seen.

Resim:https://www.dotmed.com/listing/defibrillator/zoll/autopulse-model-100-
resuscitation/1613065
Info: file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/9650-0714-01-rev-d.pdf

Take a look at the available commercial products relevant to your project. Elaborate the
following features for these products:
 Operating principles
 Key functional elements such as sensors, actuators, certain machine components
/ mechanisms
 Cost and market availability
Group No: <Your group #> ME 407 – Spring 2015 3/4

 ...
If more than one commercial product exists, make sure to include a comparison table to
compare their attributes within the framework of the above mentioned features as well
as the features you deem necessary.

III. STATE-OF-THE ART ON RELATED TECHNOLOGIES

In this section, you are going to take present any relevant technologies that might
contribute towards solving your design problem. . These technologies include but not
limited to actuators (e.g. [1]), sensors, mechanisms, circuit components etc. You should
also research the literature for previous studies and designs that seem relevant to your
design objectives. State their advantages and disadvantages and compare the available
solutions. Give a sound discussion on the previous work and indicate their performance.

IV. PATENT

List all pertinent patents (e.g. [2]) in a categorized fashion in this section. Do NOT put
the whole patent document but include if necessary the schematics and related claims
from the patent followed with your comments about the significance of this document for
your design.

V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

Mention the total number of products and patents presented in this report. Briefly
explain the potential contribution / inspiration provided by this survey towards creating
alternative solutions for your design.

REFERENCES
[1] http://www.maxon.com last viewed on March 3rd 2009.
[2] D. R. McMortry et.al. “Touch Probe”, US-Patent 5669152, 1997.

Important notes on this report:

 Popular websites for patent survey:
o ep.espacenet.com
o www.uspto.gov
o www.delphion.com
o www.dialog.com
o www.tpe.gov.tr
 Use this document as the template and follow this format (margins, line
spacing, fonts, font sizes etc.).
 Pay extra attention to the content of this document.
Group No: <Your group #> ME 407 – Spring 2015 4/4

 Do NOT use a cover page!

 In writing this report, use your own expressions and make sure that the
text flows in a logical order.
 All tables and figures should have proper captions and must be
referenced in the main text.
 Cite references where necessary. Do not place any references in the
References section unless it is cited within the main text.
 Do not exceed 10 pages and use the pages efficiently.