PHUdNG TRiNH - BAT PHUdNG TRiNH H~ PHUdNG TRiNH MU vA LOGARIT
§1. PHUONG TRINH MU vA LOGARIT
I. KIEN TIH1c co BAN
1. Dang co han
a. Phuong trill" mii
Phuong trlnh mil co ban co dang: a' = b (a> 0, a "* 1). * Cdch gidi:
+ Khi b > ° => a' = b <=> x = log" b . + Khi b ~ 0 => a' = b vo nghicrn.
b. Phuong trinh liigarit
Phuong trinh logarit eo ban co dang: log" x = b (a> 0, a "* 1) * Cdch gidi:
log" x = b <=> x = ab , nrc la phuong trlnh log" x = b (a> 0, a "* 1) luon co nghiern duy nha't x = ab •
2. Cac phuong phap giai
a. Phuong phap dira v6 cling co s6.
b. Phuong phap di_it ~n phu,
c. Phuong phap logarit hoa,
d. Phuong phap sU' dung tinh d6ng bien hay nghich bien cua ham s6.
II. PIHJONG PHAP GIAI CAC DANG TOAN THUONG G~P
a. D~NG 1: Gini phuang trinh mii va liigarit bang phuang pluip
dua vi cung co sfj'
Dung cac phep bien d6i v6 lily thira va logarit dua phirong trinh v6 mot trang de dang sau:
• a II') = aM ¢> r {~i:): ~ (x) (NGu C<! so' a kh6ng d5i)
64
Phat bi6u nao sau day dung? A. Chi (I) dung
C. Chi (II) dung
H. ChI (III) dung
D. Chi (II) va (III) dung
Cau 26: T~p xac dinh cua ham s6: y = (X2 - 4x + 3 rIa:
A. (I ; 3) C.[1;3]
B. IFt\{1;3}
D. (-00 ;1)u(3; +00)
, ( e' -I J
Cit u 27: Mien xac dinh cua ham s6: y = In l e\ _ 2 Iii:
A. (-00 ;0) C. [ln2 ;+00)
B. [0; 2]
D. (-00 ;O)u(ln2; +00)
, I,
Cau 28: Ncu log 3 = a thl bang:
log.; 100
H.2a
C.5_ 8
D.16a
Ch 29 Ch h' h' I x-I M'" ' .... h ? h' KI'
au : 0 am so y = ogo3 --. len xac urn cua am so a:
, x+5
A. x s 1
C. x < -5 hoac x > 1.
B. x > 1.
D. Kct qua khac,
Cau 30: Cho 4" + 4-" = 23. Tinh 2" + r" .
A.7 H.4 C.5
D.6
Ddp all cdc call trdc nghiem
call 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 g 9 10
Ddp all C A C B A B D C A A
call 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ddp all D D D C A D B B H A
call 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Ddp all D C C A D H D B C C 63
{a> 0
• aJ(x)=ag(\)~ ( )[ () ()] (Ncu co sd a thay doi)
a-I f x -g x =0
10 < a:;t: 1
• log_[f(xJ] ~ log" [g(x)] ¢> I(x) ~ g(x)
f(x»O (hay g(x»O)
a.l. Cdc vi du minh hoa
Vi du 1. Giai c.ic phuong trlnh sau:
\+5
V+ 17
\-3 \+1
h. (JiO + 3 ?-I = (JiO "- 3 )\+3
a. 32,-7 =0,25.128,-3
Ciai
a. Di0u kicn: x:;t: 3, x :;t: 7 .
5(_\+_5 ) ~L~:':.'21 5_(H 5) 71r:_I_7l_ 1
(1)~2·\-7 =r2.2 \-3 ~2\-7 =2,-3 -
~ 5(x+5) = 7(x+17) -2~x=10
x-7 x":'3
So vdi oi0u kicn ta eo nghicrn ella phirong trlnh: x = 10. h. Dieu kicn: x:;t: -3,x:;t: 1.
o V(11 ulCU 1I.;n, ta eo ng ucrn cua p uong tnn : X = .
2
a.3. Mf)1 .'Ii;' luu y khi gidi dang todn nay
• Day Ia phuong phap co ban oG giiii phucng trinh dang nay, nhung chi giai duoc mot s6 khong nhicu de phircng trlnh, 06i voi phirong trlnh logarit, hoac phircng trinh mii co eo s6 chua 5n thi nen o,)t c1i6u kien 00 phuong trinh eo nghia r6i hay di bien d6i.
• C~n chu y ta rfit hay nham khi ap dung nhorn cong thirc nay:
N C' u 0 < a :1= 1 , b, b, > 0 thl
i. log a (blb2) = log, Ibll + log, Ib21·
i i. log, ~~ = log" Ibll- Jog a Ib21· iii.logab2k = 2k.logalbl, k E Z+, b:l= O.
70
b. D~NC 2: Phuong phdp dq.t iill phu
b.l. Cdc vi du minh hoa
Vi du 1. Giai cac phirong trtnh san: a. 22, _3.2x+2 +32 = 0 (1)
b. 6.4' -13.6' +6.9' = 0 (2)
Gidi
a. D~t t = 2' , t > 0 . Ta diroc phirong trinh:
[t = 8 [2' = 8 = 23 [x = 3
t2 -I2t + 32 = 0 <=> (thoa di0u kien) ~ 1 <=>
t = 4 2' = 4 = 2- x = 2
v~y nghicrn ciia phirong trlnh: x = 2 hay x = 3.
(3)X (3 )2\
b.(2)<=>6-I3. '2 +6. '2 =0
(3 )X
D~t t = '2 ' t > 0 . Ta diroc phirong trlnh:
[ 3 (3)' 3
o t = '2 '2 = 2 [x = 1
6t- -I3t + 6 = 0 <=> ~ <=>
t=% (%) =%=(%J' x=-I
Vfiy nghicm cua phirong trinh: x = -1 hay x = 1.
Vi du 2. Giai cac phirong trlnh sau:
a. 22"+'_9.2"+\ + 22X+2 =0 (1)
b. (2-J3)' +(2+J3)' =14 (2)
au:
2 .
Dr,lt t = 2' -, , t > O. Ta diroc phuong trlnh:
It = 4
2t .: 9 + i = 0 <=> 2t2 - 9t + 4 == 0 <=> 1
t t =-
2
71
f2·,1_., = 4 = 22 •
. x- - x - 2 = 0 [X = -I
~l' 1 ~ ~ . .
2'--' ="2 = z' X2 - X + 1 = 0 (VO nghicrn) X = 2
Vdy nghicm ella phirong trinh: X = -I hay X = 2 .
b. Nhan xct: (2-.J3)(2+.J3)=1
D~t t = (2 +.J3)' , t > 0 ~ (2 +.J3)' =!
t
1
Suy ra Clj co dang: -+t=14 ~t2-14t+I=O t
[t = 7 + 4.J3 r( 2 +.J3)' = ( 2 + .J3f
~ t = 7 - 4.J3 ~ (2 + .J3 r = ( 2 - .J3 r = ( 2 + J3 (
~[X=2 x=-2
V~y nghicrn ella phirong trinh: x = -2 hay x = 2 .
Vi du 3. Gidi de haL phtrong trlnh sau: a. log , 2 + log, 4x = 3 .
. \
2 3 I
h.log,x -14.log'6,x +40.1og4,-vx=O.
2
cuu
{X>O
Dicu kicn:
. x:;t2
1 1
(1)~--(-)+2+IOg2X=3~ _+log2x-l=O
I 2 l-log2x
cg ,
- X
D~ t t = log, X, t :;t I . Ta eo phirong trinh:
1 [t = 0 [lOgo x = 0 [x = I
-+t-l=O~t(t-2)=O~ ~ - ¢::;;>
1 - t t = 2 log: x = 2 x = 4
So vdi dicu kicn La eo nghicrn ella phuong trlnh: x = 1 hay x = 4 .
72
73
Di0u kien: {X> O. 1 . 1
x7:-2,x7:--,x7:--
16 4
(2) ¢:::> 210gr X - 42.log'IH X + 20.log4r X = 0
¢:::> log2 X _ 21. log2 X + 10. log} X = 0
I (X) log) 16x log,4x
og2 2 - -
¢:::> log, X _ 21. log) X + 10. log2 X = 0
log, X -I 4 + log, X 2 + log, X
D,}t t = log, X vcii t 7:- l,t 7:- -4,t 7:- -2. Ta co phuong trlnh:
5 V~y phircng trlnh co hai nghiern: x = 2 va x ="4'
b.3. M{)t s(/ "/11 y khi gidi dang todtt nay
a. Day Iii phirong phtip rflt hay dung dG gi~ii phirong trlnh mil va logarit, ta khco 160 d~t fin phu thich hop d0 dira phirong trlnh v6 dang da i scl vdi fin mdi, giiii phuong trlnh nay tim nghiern the vao ta sc diroc phirong trinh co ban hoac phuong trinh don gian hen,
h. Khi u~t fin phu ta din u~t ui6u kicn thich hop eho £In mdi, u6 rut ngan hot <'i cac biroc gi<li tiep theo vii nhtt Iii trong de hili phai bien luau s6 nghicm cua phuong truth.
~ logo.5 [sin ' x + 5 sin x.cos x + 2) = logo.5 3 ~ sin ' x + 5 sin x.cos x + 2 = 3 (thoa dicu kien)
~ 5 sin x. cos x - cos" X = 0 ~ cos x (5 sin x - cos x) = 0
[ Jr
cos X = 0 x = - + kr:
cosx = 0 2
~ ~ 1 ~ , kEZ).
[5 sin x - cos x = 0 rtan x = - t ( 1) k (
5 x = arc an - + Jr
5
c.3. M(u .'It;' luu y khi gidi dangtodu lIay
Khi g~p cac phirong trlnh co hai vfi d6u duong va la tich cua nhieu lfiy thira co co so va so mil khac nhau (khong th6 dira vc Cling co so, hoac Cling so nul duoc), ncu ia'y logarit vdi co so thich hop ta co thG dira phirong trlnh d<l cho thanh phirong trinh don gi<ln hon d<l bi6t each giai.
d. D~NG 4: Phuong pluip .'Ill dung tinh dan diru ella ham sif
d.l. Cdc vi du minh lura
Vi du 1. Giai cac phirong trlnh sau:
83
Iv! du 2. Giiii cac phuong trinh sau:
I a. 3.25\-~ +(3x-lO).5,-2 +3-x=0.
I h.(2J6) +_I_=_5\_. _j
cut
\" \'
\ .\ .\ ( 3 ) 2 (I) 2
a. 2\ = 1+32 ~ 42 = 1+ 32 ~"4 +"4 = I
Nhan xct: x = 2 la melt nghiern ella phuong trlnh. M~t khac:
\ .r
+ .f (x) = ( % r + ( ~ r El ham so luon nghich bien;
+ g(x) = I la ham hang.
Do dll, d0 thi ella hai ham s6 f (x) va g (x) dt nhau tai mot diC;m duy nh£lt ell hoanh dO x = 2.
Ncn f (x) dOng bic'n tren lR : g (x) = - 3x + 10 nghich bien trcn lR
Va l(i)=3-~+5-~-2.=7;g(I)=-3.1+10=7, suy ra phucng trlnh
. 3 4 12
co nghiern duy nhat x = i .
Bai 4. DiGu kicn: x > 0
I I
¢=>4~ +2; =6~ ¢=>(%l +(~J =1
Nhan xct: t = 2 la nghiern cua phirong trinh. Mat khac:
I I
f () (2)2 ( 1)2 I' h' "" hi h bi ""
+ t = '3 +"3 a am so ng ic len.
+ g(t) = 1 ia ha111 h~ng.
Do do, t = 2 ia nghiern duy nha't ella phirong trlnh. Suy ra: .[; = 42 ¢=> X = 256 (thoa diGu kien). Vay, nghiern ella phuong trlnh drr cho la x = 256.
90
91
Bai 5. Ta c6: 3' + 2' = 3x + 2 ¢::::> 3' + 2' - 3x - 2 = 0 (1) NMn xct: x = 0; x = 1 la nghiem ella (1)
Xet ham s6: 1 (x) = 3' + 2' - 3x - 2, x E IR
1 '( x ) = 3' In 3 + 2' In 2 - 3
I" (x) = 3' In 2 3 + 2' In 2 2 > 0, '\Ix => I' ( x) Iii ham s6 d6ng bien '\I x E R.
{I '(0) = In 6 - 3 < 0
Mat khac: => 1'(0).1'(1) < 0
. 1'(I)=lnl08-3>0
=> f'(x) = 0 c6 mot nghiern duy nha't Xo E (0; 1) Bdng bien thien:
x
o
+
-00
Xo
+00
rex)
+00
+00
~CT~
f(x)
Suy ra, phuong trlnh f (x) = 0 c6 hai nghiern: x = 0; x = 1. 2x -1
. Bai 6. log2-I-xl- = 1 + x - 2' (1)
£)i6u kicn: x > 0
(1) <=> log2 (2' - 1) -IOg2X = 1 + x - 2'
<=> IOg2 (2' - 1) + (2' - 1) = logjx + x £)~t u = 2' - 1, U > 0
Ta c6: IOg2U + u = IOg2X + X <=> f(u) = I(x)
Xct ham d~t tnrng: f'(t) = log-t + t, vdi t> 0 1
['(t)=-+ 1>0, Vt>O
tin t _I
o
x
=> ret) Iii ham s6 d6ng bien vt > 0
Dod6: feu) = rex) <=> u = x <=> 2' - 1 = x <=> 2' = x + 1 Nhan xct: x = 0; x = 1 Iii hai nghiern ella phirong trinh
Mat khac: £)6 thi (C) ella ham s6 y = 2' 16m tren khoang (0; +(0).
Do do, duang thang (d): y = x + 1 chi dt u6 thi (C) t6i da tai hai di<Sm. Mil x > 0 ncn phucng trinh urr cho c6 nghiem duy nhfit Iii x = I.
<=>{2'-.I+Sil1(2'+.1'-l) =0
cos(2' +.1'-1) =0
(2) <=> sin(2' + y -1) = ±I
+ Voi sin(2' + y -I) = I: (I) <=> 2' = 0: vo nghicrn
<=> [2' -I + sin(2' + .1' -I) J + cos (2' + y -1) = 0
(2)
+Vdi sin(2'+y-I)=-I: 2' =2<=>x=1 The x = 1 vao (I), ta co:
sin(Y+I)=-I<=>Y+I=-;+k21t<=>Y=-I-;+k21t (kE£)
;r
V~y nghicm cua plurong trlnh la: x = I, Y = -1- 2 + k'Ir: (k E Z).
d.3. Al(Jt .'It,' luu y khi gidi dang todu nay
a. ~)[ly la dang loan kho, thuong khi slt dung ba phuong phap trcn vITn khong giiii du\,fe La phai nghi den each nay. Khco leo dira plurong trinh thanh dang co hai ve li't hai ham sc) co tinh don dicu kh.ic nhau, chi ra nghicm va keL lufin d6 la nghicm duy nhfi].
h. Neu phuling trtnh nao co nhicu hon m(lt nghicui La ciln dua vao hiing bien thicn dG suy ra keL Iuan.
e. ])1;1NG 5: Phuong trinlt mii va ltigarit cluia tltam s[{
e.l . Cdc vi d~l mittlt hoa
Vi du l. Cho phuong trlnh: Ill. 16' + 2.81' = 5.36' (m la tharn s6) (1) l
1. Gi.ii plnrcng trlnh khi m = 3. i
2. TIm tilt cit de gia tri cua m dG phirong Lrlnh co nghicm duy nhilL I
(D',li hoc Cftn ThlJ, 19(7) I
92
Vi du 2. Cho phirong trlnh: 4\ -111.2<+1 + 2m = 0 (1)
1. Giai phirong trlnh khi m = 2.
2. Tim m 00 phuong trinh OZt cho co hai nghicm phan bi~t XI' X2 sao cho XI + Xl = 3 " (D<.ti hoc can Th(j, 1998)
Cia;
(9)2.' (9).1 (9,2\ (9)'
(1)~1Il+2. 4 =5. 4 ~2. ,4) -5. 4· +1Il=O
( 9 J' 0
D~t t = ~ 4 ' t > 0" Ta duoc phirong trlnh: Zt' - 5t + l/l = 0 (2)
1. Khi m = 3: (2) ~ 2t2 - 51 + 3 = 0
v(ty: Khi m = 3 plnrong trlnh co nghicm: X = 0 hay X = ~.
2. (2)~-212+5t=1/l
Xct ham sc): f (t) = -2t" + 5t, t > ()
I I (t) = -4t + 5 f'(t)=O~t=%
Bang bien thicn:
o
5 4
+w
f '{t}
f{tl
T' b"' h"~' I' ~ I~' ~ -> ba i < 0 1 25
(( ang icn trncn ta tlay ycu cau ar toan ~ III _ ray IJl = -.
8
93
·2 2
Vi du 3. Cho phirong trlnh: 81 SIll .r + 81 cos, = m (1)
1. Giai phirong trlnh khi m = 30.
2. Xac dinh m d6 phuong trinh co nghiern.
Gidi
Dat t = 2' ,t > 0, suy ra (1) co dang t2 - 2mt + 2m = 0 (2)
1. Khi m = 2: (2) ~ t' - 4t + 4 = 0 ~ t = 2 ~ 2' = 2 ~ x = 1 .
2. Phuong trlnh (1) co hai nghicm phan bict XI' x2: XI + x2 = 3
~ Phuong trlnh (2) co hai nghiern dirong phan biet tl = 2" ,t2 = 2" thoa:
{L'l'>0 {m(m-2»0
tl.t2 =2".2'2 =Y'+'2 =23 =8 ~ S>O ~ 2m>0 ~11l=4.
P=8 2m=8
V~y, gia tri m cftn tim la: m = 4.
Gidi
£)~t t = 8Is;n", ta co:
o :s; sin 2 X :s; 1 ~ 1 s t :s; 81 ~ 8 }"OS2, = 811-sln2\ = ~ = ~
81 sill-' t
Khi do (1) trd thanh: t + ~ = III (2) t
[t = 27
1. Khi m = 30: (2) ~ t' - 30t + 81 = 0 ~ (thea di6u kien)
Tir bang bien thicn ta thty yeu du bai toan ¢:::> -4 < m < -3 v m > 5,
103
, 5
h. 2'- -6x-:2 = 16.Ji
e.3. ftJ.'f)( srf luu j khi gidi dang todn /lay
Day 13. dang toan kho, thirong la cau kho nha't trong cac M thi, ta phai v(tn dung linh hoat cac tinh chat don dieu ella ham s6. d€ suy ra cac dicu kien trong tung bai.
III.BAI TJ.P TTj LUytN TJ.P
Bai 1. Giai cac phuong trlnh sau:
c. 314x-41 = 81'-1
Bai 2. Giai cac phirong trlnh sau: a. 2x2_2x.J' = i
2
c. 5x + 5.<+1 + 5H2 = 3' + 3.<+3 _ 3x+1
Bai 3. Giai cac phirong trlnh sau:
a. 4x -10.2'-1 - 24 = 0
, 2
c. 2'--' - 22+x-x = 3
4"OS 2, 4cos2 .v _ 3 [3 . 5]
c. + - XE -- -
, 4' 2
g. (5 - 51)' + 7 (5 + 51)' = 2<+3
Bai 4. Giai de phirong trlnh sau:
a. 3' -4=52
d. 2' + 2,-1 + 2,-2 = 3' - y-I + 3,-2
d. 5'.'1P/ = 100
x
h. 4.3x - 9.2' = 5.62
2' ,
d. 252x-, +1 + 92x-x-+1 = 34.152,-,-
f. (4 + Jl5)' +( 4-J15r = 62 h. (8+3J7f" +(8-3J7fnx =16
h. 52, = 32x + 2.5' + 2.3'
d. 9' +2(x-2)3X +2x-5=0
Bai 5. Cho phirong trlnh: 4x - 4m (2x -1) = 0 (1)
a. Giai phuong trlnh vdi m = 1.
h. V oi gia tri nao ella m thl phuong trlnh (1) eo nghiern
Dap s{/ a. VO nghicrn; h. m < 0 hay m > 1.
Ba i 6. TIm m dE phirong trinh: 4' - 2x+1 + m = 0 eo nghiern.
Ddp s//· In ~ 1 .
104
105
Bai 7. (*) Cho phuong trlnh: 251+2x-x' + »is":' = (3m + 7 ).1521-" (l) a. Giai phuong trlnh (1) U'ng voi m = 9.
h. Xac dinh m 00 phirong trlnh (1) c6 nghiern x E [0; 2] .
Diip s/'/- a. x = 0 hay x = 2 hay x = 1 ± J3 ;
130 h. 9~m~-.
9
Bai 8. (*) Cho phirong trlnh: (15 + 1 r + a (15 -1 r = 2' 1
1. Gi,li phirong trlnh khi a = - .
4
2. Tim a 00 phuong trinh c6 nghiern duy nhar.
1 2. a ~ 0 hay a = - .
4
Ddp s{/- 1. x = -log r: 2;
'/5+1
Bai 9. (*) Cho plurong trlnh: (3 + 2J2fH + (3 - 2J2rnx = m (1)
1. Giai phirong trinh khi 111 = 6.
2. X,lc dinh m ot; phircng trlnh (1) co dung hai nghicm trong khoang ( - ~ ; ~ ) .
rr
Ddp st/- 1. x = ±-+krr,k E Z; 4
2. m >2.
, . , ( 7 + 315 JX ( 7 - 315 J'
Hal 10. Cho phuong tnnh: 2 + a 2 = 8
1. Giai phircng trinh khi a = 7 .
2. Bien luan thco a sf{ nghiern cua phirong trlnh, Ddp st/- 1. x = 0 v x = log7+3Fs 7 .
-~--
2
2. a > 16: vo nghiern; 0< a < 16: 2 nghicm;
a = 0 va = 16: 1 nghiem.
Bai 11. Tim m 00 cac phuong trlnh sau co nghiern:
1. 9x'-2x - 3(\-1)' = 111
9 Ddp ,w;:. 1. 111 2 - -;
4
2
2. 2x .32x+m = 1 .
2. m ~ log, 3.
1
Hili 12. Voi gia tri nao cua m thl phtrong trinh 21t-11 = 3m - 2 co nghiem duy
nhflt.
Dtip st( III = 1.
Jlili 13. Wi gia tri nao cua m [hi phuong trlnh G )1.'-"1 ~ m' + In + 1 co bdn nghicm phfin bict.
Dap .1'/( -1 < m < 0 .
Hili 14. (*) Cho phuong trlnh: 2.4~ -5.2~ +m = 0 (1)
1. Giai phirong trinh (1) ling vci m = 2.
2. Xac dinh tilt d cac gia tri cua tham s6 m d6 phirong trinh (1) e6 nghiern. 25
Ddp .wr 1. x = 2 ; 2. m ~ - .
8
Bili 15. (*) TIm a oG phirong trlnh sau co nghiem
91+~ -(a+2).31+~ +2a+l=O. 64
Dcip st/- 4 ~ a ~-.
7
Hili 16. (*) Cho phircng trlnh:
(k + 1).4\ + (3k - 2) .2<+1 - 3k + 1 = 0
1. Giti i phirong trlnh khi k = 3.
2. Xac dinh tat d cac gia tri cua k 06 phirong trlnh trcn e6 hai nghiem trai dau.
1 1
Dap st/· 1. x = -1 ; 2. - < k < - .
3 2
Hili 17. (*) Cho phirong trlnh: (m + 3).16' +(2m -1).4' + m + 1 = 0
TIm m oG phirong trinh e6 hai nghicm trai dau.
3
Dap st/- -1 < III <--
4
B" 18 (*) G"" a bif 1 A htro tri h 5x'+2I1n+2 52x'+411"+111+2 2 +2 +
ar re, rar va rcn U~lI1 p uong ill : - = x mx III
Ddp st/- + 0 < III < 1 : Phuong trlnh vo nghicrn
+ III < 0 V Ill> 1 : Phuong trinh e6 2 nghicrn phan biet x = -/11 ±.[,;t - m , + 111 = 0: Phuong trinh e6 nghiern x = O.
+ III = 1 : Phuong .trlnh e6 nghiern x = -1.
106
Bui 19. Giii i cac phuong trlnh sau: a. log, (x - 3) - log 1 (x -I) = 3
C. log\+3 (3 - J x2 - 2x + I ) = ~ Bai 20. Giai cac phuong trlnh sau:
a. log, ( 5' -I) .log, (5<+1 - 5) = I
c. log, 16 + logo 64 = 3
.r _.\
Bai 21. Giai cac phucng trinh sau: a. log, x = log, (x + 2)
b.lg4(x_I)2+lg2(x_l)3 =25 d. log/ x + log., (~) = 1
Bai 22. Xac dinh m od phirong trinh: Ig2 (lOx) + Ig x = m
2. co nghicm thoa man I < x < 10.
1. co nghicm
. ~ 1 5
Dap so: . III 2 --;
4
2. 1< /Jl < 5.
mli 23. (*) 11m cac giri tri ella tham s6 m 06 phuong trinh:
log I (X2 + IIlX + 111 + I) + log I X = 0 co 1 nghicrn duy nhfit.
v5+2 v5~2 .
Ddp st/- 111:::: -I v 1/1 = 3 - 213 .
19 (mx)
Bai 24. (*) Xac dinh gia tri ella tham s6 m od phucng trlnh: = 2 co
Ig(x + I)
nghicm duy nha't.
Dap .1'(;:. III < Ov III = 4.
Bai 25. (*) 11m tham s6 a dd phuong trinh: log, (X2 +4ax)+log~ (2x-2a-I) = 0 3
co nghicrn duy nhat.
Dap s/): -_!_::::a::::--I va=O.
2 10
Rai 26. (*) V di gia tri nao ella m thl phirong trinh:
log2+J3 [X2 -2(m+l)x J+log2~Jd2x+I11-2) = 0 co nghicrn duy nhfu.
2 Jl7-5
Dap s('/- --:::: III :::: 2 v m = .
5 2
107
5 Dap .I't/- 1. x = 6 v x = - ; 2
1
2. -- <a::;: O.
4
Bui 27. (*) Xac dinh cac gia tri ella k sao cho phircng trlnh: 19 ( x2 + 2kx ) -lg (8x - 6k - 3) = 0 co nghiern duy nha].
, I k 3 k
Dap .I'/}: --::;: ::;: -v = 1.
2 22
Bai 28. (*) Tim tat d cac gia tri ella moE phuong trinh:
(m-l) log I 2 (x - 2) - (m - 5) log I (x - 2) + Ill-I = 0
- -
2 2
co 2 nghiern thoa man di6u kicn 2 < XI ::;: Xl < 4. Diip .'1(/. -3::;: III < 1 .
Bui 29. (*) Cho phirong trlnh: (X_2)IOg,4(X-2) = r (X_2)3
1. Giai phirong trlnh vdi a = 2.
2. Xac dinh a 06 phirong trinh co hai nghicm phan bict x" x2 thoa man:
Hili 30. (*) Dinh a M phuong trlnh 2log/ X -llog3 xl + a = 0 co bon nghicrn phan bict.
mli 31. (*) Cho phirong trlnh: 21og2+J3 ( ~ Xl + 1 + x) + log2_-J.i ( ~ Xl + I - x) = a
1. Giai phuong trinh trcn khi a = 3.
2. Djnh a 00 phuong trlnh co nghiem x E [ 0; J3] .