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    The document discusses the electron cloud shapes and characteristics of r7 and r8 symmetries in cubic crystal field environments. Specifically, it notes that r7 and r8 charge clouds resemble d-orbital shapes like z2- y2 and 3x2 - r2. While group theory alone cannot determine the ground state of Ce3+ ions in cubic environments, adopting a simple rule based on comparing the shape of charge clouds indicates that r7 symmetry typically corresponds to a ground state.

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    General Document 134

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    00142___34d261de85aab6f81427867992aea22f

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    The document discusses the electron cloud shapes and characteristics of r7 and r8 symmetries in cubic crystal field environments. Specifically, it notes that r7 and r8 charge clouds resemble d-orbital shapes like z2- y2 and 3x2 - r2. While group theory alone cannot determine the ground state of Ce3+ ions in cubic environments, adopting a simple rule based on comparing the shape of charge clouds indicates that r7 symmetry typically corresponds to a ground state.

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    3 views1 page

    Crystal Theory: Field

    Uploaded by

    Kamleshkekane1
    The document discusses the electron cloud shapes and characteristics of r7 and r8 symmetries in cubic crystal field environments. Specifically, it notes that r7 and r8 charge clouds resemble d-orbital shapes like z2- y2 and 3x2 - r2. While group theory alone cannot determine the ground state of Ce3+ ions in cubic environments, adopting a simple rule based on comparing the shape of charge clouds indicates that r7 symmetry typically corresponds to a ground state.

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    of 1

    126 Ch.

    3 Crystal Field Theory

    "5lZ I

    Figure 3.12: The characteristic shapes of electron clouds with r7 and l?a symme-
    tries (by courtesy of T. Sakakibara). The level scheme corresponds to the crystal
    field of eight anions situated in the [lll]directions as in CeBe.

    z2- y2 and 3x2 - r2 d-states. The resemblance is not merely superficial:


    we will shortly see (p, 132) that the two kinds of r 8 charge clouds
    are conveniently characterized by their (32' - r2)-like (or, if we prefer,
    (a2- y2)-like) quadrupole rn0rnent2~.
    The ground state of a Ce3+ ion in a cubic environment may be either
    r7 or r8; group theory alone cannot give the answer. However, looking
    at the shape of the charge clouds, we may adopt the simple rule which

    25Thequadrupole moment measures what we may loosely call the orbital character
    of these states. However, while for d-states the orbital state is well-defined (Fig. 3.8
    illustrates the point), the basis states discussed here are linear combinations of several
    IL",L = 3) orbital states (see App. A).

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