Solutions to the Problems 141

I I I I ,
0‘
0.5 1 1.5 2 T/
Figure 3.13: The temperature dependence of the susceptibility (in arbitrary units)
given in (3.122).

~ ~ ~ is about 84% of the free-

We can identify the effective moment 3 . 0 1 which
ion value 3 . 5 8 ~ ~(3.123)
. is a special case of Van Vleck’s formula for the
paramagnetic moment belonging to a bunch of low-lying crystal field levels
[423, 621. The general expression can be formulated as follows: let us assume
that the crystal field states IF) are at approximately zero energy. Then the
effective moment p p is given by

where N is the number of the low-lying states, M Z is the component of the

magnetic moment along the applied field, and the independent summations
are over the N states.
b) Generally, the magnetic moment of the maximally polarized state is
different from the paramagnetic moment which can be deduced from the high-
temperature susceptibility. Even for a free ion, the moment’s maximum z-
component is QpBJ , while the paramagnetic moment is QpBJ70. Crys-
tal field effects can make this difference larger.
In our particular case, the If’r) state (which becomes IF,) when h + 0) is
the ground state at ail values of h. The polarization caused by the field is

(3.125)

In the limit of high fields, this approaches

(3.126)