146 Ch.

3 Crystal Field Theory

Following [415], we rewrite the Zeeman term as

3tz = 2pB {ox (1 + ; T x ) H , + o’ (1 + ITY) H , + uz (1 + ; T z ) Hz}

(3.136)
where

In spite of the apparent simplicity of (3.132), the action of the Zeeman term
is quite complicated within the r8 quartet.
Now let us consider a field in the z direction. Above TQ = 3.3K,(7’) = 0,
and the magnetization is uniform. However, in the temperature range 2.4K <
T < 3.3K, ( r z )= Q(T) on one sublattice, while (rz)= -Q(T) on the other
sublattice. According to (3.136) and (3.137), the uniform external field pro-
duces a staggered magnetization whose spatial pattern is the same as that of
the quadrupolar order.