ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This project is based on analysis conducted on 2018 for the sole purpose of final project and partial
requirement in the course Reinforced Concrete Design. I am grateful for a number of friends and
colleagues in encouraging and helping me for this work, and to persevere with it.
Please allow me to dedicate my acknowledgment of gratitude towards the following significant advisers
and contributors:
First and foremost, we would to thank God for his unconditional guidance and wisdom as we make our
research.
Second, we like to thank our respective instructor Engr. Rhonnie C. Estores. for providing us the
knowledge we needed in our Structural Analysis and Design subjects. His support and encouragement for
giving us this research gives us the experience on how to cooperate and engage ourselves in a serious
project.
Finally, we sincerely thank our parents, families and friends, all of whom never stopped challenging me,
for providing the advice and financial support. The product of this report would not be possible without all of
them.
For my appreciations to the people behind this project, I managed to finish this paper with full of joy and
enthusiasm.
Thank you and God bless.

Project Analyst,

BANTAYAN, ALYSSA BABES M.

CE 502 – Reinforced Concrete Design, CE51FB2

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 DEFINITION OF TERMS

ANALYSIS – detailed examination of the elements or structure of a building, frames, house, etc. typically
as a basis for discussion or interpretation.
BEAMS – a long, sturdy piece of squared timber or metal spanning an opening or part of a building,
usually to support the roof or floor/slab above.
BASE SHEAR – is an estimate of maximum expected lateral force that will occur due to seismic ground
motion at the base of a structure. Calculations of base shear (V) depend on: soil profile type at the site,
proximity to potential sources of seismic activities such as geological faults, and the location of its
earthquake zone.
COLUMNS – an upright pillar, typically cylindrical and made of stone or concrete, supporting an
entablature, arch, or other structure or standing alone as a monument.
CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA – is the intersection of a body in three dimensional space with a plane, or
the analog in higher-dimensional space. Cutting an object into slices creates many parallel cross sections.
DEAD LOAD – the intrinsic invariable weight of a structure, such as a bridge. It may also include any
permanent loads attached to the structure.
DEFLECTION – the deviation of an indicator of a measuring instrument from zero or from its normal position.
It is due to the movement of a structure or structural part as a result of stress.
ELASTIC CURVE – the curve assumed by the longitudinal axis of an originally straight elastic strip or bar
bent within its elastic limits by any system of forces.
FRAMES – a basic structure that underlies or supports a system, concept, or text.
GIRDERS – a horizontal main structural member (as in building or bridge) that supports vertical loads and
that consists of a single piece or of more than one piece bound together.
INTERNAL FORCES – are forces exchanged by the objects in the system. To determine what part should
be considered external or internal, mechanical system should be clearly defined.
LATERAL LOAD – The lateral load resisting systems for earthquake loads are similar to those for wind
loads. Both are designed as if they are horizontally applied to the structural system. The wind load is
considered to be more of a constant force while earthquake load is almost instantaneous.
LIVE LOAD – can vary in both magnitude and location. They may be caused by the weights of objects
temporarily placed on a structure, moving vehicles, or natural forces.
LOADINGS – the application of an extra amount of something to balance some other factor.

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MOMENT DIAGRAM – a bending moment is the reaction induced in a structural element when an
external force or moment is applied to the element causing the element to bend.
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD – method of successive approximation that may be carried out to
any
desired degree of accuracy. Essentially, the method begins by assuming each joints as fixed. Then, by
unlocking and locking each joint in succession, the internal moments at the joints are distributed and
balanced until the joints have rotated to their final or nearly final position.
MULTI-STOREY – has several floors at different levels above the ground.
ROOF DECK – a flat portion of a roof used as a walk or terrace.
SEISMIC LOAD – earthquakes produce loadings on a structure through its interaction with the ground
and its response characteristics.
SHEAR DIAGRAM – analytical tools used in conjunction with structural analysis to help perform structural
design by determining the value of the shear force and the bending moment at a given point of a structural
element such as a beam. These diagrams can be used to easily determine the type, size, and material of a
member in a structure so that a given set of loads can be supported without structural failure.
SIDE SWAY – the displacement to the side, when the loading acting on the structure is not symmetric.
STRAINING ACTIONS – To design any structural member, it is necessary to determine the straining
actions (internal forces) that act at some critical sections. Straining actions are generated within loaded
structural members (elements). These forces are generated within every type of element; if they were not
developed, the structure would fail. These internal forces are known as moment, shear, and normal forces.
The normal force is found in columns and beams with an axial load. Shear and moment are found in beams
and frames.
STIFFNESS – is the rigidity of an object; the extent to which it resists deformation in response to an
applied force.
STRUCTURAL DESIGN – is the methodical investigation of the stability, strength and rigidity of
structures. The basic objective in structural analysis and design is to produce a structure capable of
resisting all applied loads without failure during its intended life.
STRUCTURE – refers to the systems of connected parts used to support a load. Important example
related to civil engineers includes buildings, bridges, and towers.
WIND LOAD – when the structure blocks the flow of the wind, kinetic energy is converted into potential
energy of pressure, which causes a wind loading.
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