Two parallel walls 8 m apart are to be stayed together by a steel rod of 3o mm diameter with the

help of washers and nuts at the ends. The steel rod passed through the metal plates and is heated.
When its temperature is raised to 90℃, the nuts are tightened. Determine the pull in in the bar
when it is cooled to 24 ℃ if

a. The ends do not yield

b. The total yielding at the ends is 2 mm . E= 205 GPa and the coefficient of thermal expansion,
α= 11x10-6/℃

Solution
𝜋
𝐴= 4
(30)2 = 225π mm2

a. Pull in the bar

P = 𝜎𝐴 = 𝛼𝑇𝐸𝐴

= 11x10-6 (90-24) (205 000) (225π) = 105 202 N

b. When the yield at the end is 2 mm,

𝑃𝐿
∆ = (𝛼𝐿𝑇 − 2) =
𝐴𝐸
𝐴𝐸 (2)(225𝜋)(205 000)
𝑃 = 𝛼𝑇𝐴𝐸 − 2 = 105 202 −
𝐿 8000
=68 975 N or 68.975 kN