Insight 2014 Mathematical Methods Examination 2 Solutions

YEAR 12 Trial Exam Paper
2014
MATHEMATICAL METHODS (CAS)
Written examination 2
Worked solutions
This book presents:

 worked solutions, giving you a series of points
to show you how to work through the questions
 mark allocations
 tips on how to approach the questions
This trial examination produced by Insight Publications is NOT an official VCAA paper for the 2014 Mathematical Methods
(CAS) Written examination 2.
The Publishers assume no legal liability for the opinions, ideas or statements contained in this Trial Exam.
This examination paper is licensed to be printed, photocopied or placed on the school intranet and used only within the confines
of the purchasing school for examining their students. No trial examination or part thereof may be issued or passed on to any
other party including other schools, practising or non-practising teachers, tutors, parents, websites or publishing agencies without
the written consent of Insight Publications.
Copyright © Insight Publications 2014.
2
SECTION 1
Question 1
Answer is D
Worked solution
The range is given by [5  2, 5  2]  [3, 7] .
2 1
The period is given by  .
4 2
Question 2
Answer is D.
Worked solution
Using CAS, the range is (  , 2].
Tip
 To find the range always draw the graph.
SECTION 1
Copyright © Insight Publications 2014
3
Question 3
Answer is E.
Worked solution
For f ( x ) to be defined, x  k , so the domain is ( k ,  ).
And x  k  0 , so the range is R .
Tip
 If it helps, an arbitrary value of k can be chosen and then a graph produced.
Question 4
Answer is D.
Worked solution
dy
Using the chain rule for y  g  f ( x )  ,  g   f ( x)   f ( x).
dx
d
Now f ( x )  sin (5 x ) and f ( x )  5 cos (5 x ), so  g (sin (5 x)  g   sin (5 x)   5cos (5x).
dx
SECTION 1
4
Question 5
Answer is B.
Worked solution
 
The graph is a tan graph with a period of that has been shifted to the left units.
2 4
Checking using CAS gives
SECTION 1
5
Question 6
Answer is A.
Worked solution
f (3)  27  27  0
f (1)  1  3  2
f (3)  f (1) 0   2 
Average rate of change   1
3 1 2
1 3 3
Average value of the function is
3 1 1
x  3x 2 dx  3 (found using CAS).
Tip
 Be careful! Option E is the answer to the average value of the function—this is
easily and readily confused.
SECTION 1
6
Question 7
Answer is A.
Worked solution
For an inverse function to exist, the function f ( x ) must be one-to-one; i.e. for each x value
there is exactly one y value.
The graph of f ( x ) is
To be one-to-one x  [0,  ).
Tip
 For the graph to be one-to-one it must pass the horizontal line test.
SECTION 1
7
Question 8
Answer is D.
Worked solution
Expanding the matrix gives
Tip
 Ensure the equations are first re-written in the form
0x  0 y  z  1
1x  0 y  z  2
0x  y  z  5
SECTION 1
8
Question 9
Answer is C.
Worked solution
Using CAS gives
SECTION 1
9
Question 10
Answer is E.
Worked solution
A suitable way to do this question is to choose an arbitrary value for a; e.g. a = 4.
A sample graph would be
Owing to the condition that u < t, the gradient is positive for x  (  , u )  (0, t ).
SECTION 1
10
Question 11
Answer is A.
Worked solution
3
For this approximation h  0.2, x  9 and f ( x )  x.
2
So f (9  h)  f (9)  h f (9)
3
 1 3
  (9) 2   0.2  9
  2
9
 33  0.2   27.9
2
Question 12
Answer is A.
Worked solution
y 1   
Rearranging the equation y  1  2 sin(3 x   ) gives  sin  3  x    .
2   3 
y  1 
So y  and x  3  x   .
2  3
x 
Therefore, y  2 y  1 and x   .
3 3
1   
 x  0   x   
The expansion of the matrix in option A; i.e. T    3   3 , gives
 y   0 2   y   1 
   
x 
x   and y  2 y  1, as required.
3 3
SECTION 1
11
Question 13
Answer is E.
Worked solution
X ~ Bi
E( X )  np  20
var( X )  npq  12  20q
12
So q   0.6  p  0.4
20
20
 n  50
0.4
Question 14
Answer is A.
Worked solution
 Pr( X  x)  1  10a  1,  a  0.1
E( X )   x Pr( X  x )
 1  0.2  2  0.3  3  0.1
 1.1
SECTION 1
12
Question 15
Answer is D.
Worked solution
The transformation represents a reflection in the y-axis and a translation of 2 units up.
Operating this transformation on the tangent line gives
y  2( x)  5  2
y  2 x  3
Question 16
Answer is B.
Worked solution
Using the given information
5
4
f ( x ) dx  4
 F (5)  F ( 4)  4 (1)

2
So ( f (3 x  1)) dx
1
1
 ( F (3(2)  1)  F (3( 1)  1))
3
1
 ( F (5)  F (4))
3
1
 (4) (from equation 1)
3
4

3
SECTION 1
13
Question 17
Answer is C.
Worked solution
Pr(G  | G )  0.65 and Pr( G  | B )  0.3
 Pr(G | G ) Pr(G | B)  0.65 0.3

So the matrix is set up as   .
 Pr( B | G ) Pr( B | B )  0.35 0.7 
Question 18
Answer is C.
Worked solution
 f (u )2  2  (e x  e  x )2  2
 e 2 x  2  e 2 x  2
 e 2 x  e 2 x
 f (2u )
Question 19
Answer is E.
Worked solution
 71  50 
Pr( X  71)  Pr  Z    Pr( Z  3)
 7 
Using symmetry, Pr( Z  3)  Pr( Z  3).
SECTION 1
14
Question 20
Answer is A.
Worked solution

First, choose a value for  , say   .
6
Using CAS gives
SECTION 1
15
Question 21
Answer is E.
Worked solution
The graph of y   loge ( x) is shown below.
y
By choosing a value greater than e the x-intercept of the tangent line to the graph is negative,
which means that option E is false.
SECTION 1
16
Question 22
Answer is E.
Worked solution
A graph of the general curve looks like
x
ab
a b
So for f ( x )  0, then a  b  0; i.e. a   b.
Tip
 If it helps, choose arbitrary values for a and b to produce a sketch.
SECTION 1
17
SECTION 2
Question 1a.
Worked solution
 1  ( x 1) 
Mean    x  e 4  d x
 4 
1
Using CAS, we get
This gives the mean of 5 years.
Mark allocation: 2 marks

 1  ( x 1) 
 1 mark for writing: Mean    x  e 4  d x.
 4 
1
 1 mark for answer of 5 years.
SECTION 2
18
Question 1b.
Worked solution
m 1 ( x41)
Median = m, such that 1 4
e dx  0.5.
Using CAS to solve for m gives m = 3.77 years.

1 ( x41) m
 1 mark for writing  e d x  0.5.
1 4
 1 mark for answer of m = 3.77 years.
SECTION 2
19
Question 1c.
Worked solution
var( X )  E( X 2 )  (E( X )) 2

 
 2
  x 2 f ( x )dx  x f ( x) d x
1 1
1  ( x 1)
2
    ( x 1)

  x2 e 4 d x    x 1 e 4 d x 
1 4  1 4 
Using CAS, this gives var(X) = 16 years.
1  ( x 1)
2
    ( x 1)

 1 mark for stating var( X )   x e 4 dx    x 1 e 4 dx .
2
1 4  1 4 
 1 mark for answer var(X) = 16 years.
SECTION 2
20
Question 1d.
Worked solution
 1  ( x41)
Pr( X  5)   e dx
5 4
1
 (Found using CAS.)
e
Using CAS gives

 1  ( x41)
 1 mark for stating Pr( X  5)   e d x.
5 4
1
 1 mark for answer .
e
Tip
 The answer requires an exact answer, so be sure to have your CAS calculator
in exact/standard mode. A decimal answer, no matter how accurate, will not
be accepted in this instance.
SECTION 2
21
Question 1e.
Worked solution
 1
Y ~ Bi  n  4, p  Pr( X  5)  
 e
1 4
E(Y )  n  p  4  
e e

 1 mark for identifying the binomial and the parameters.
4
 1 mark for answer E(Y )  .
e
Tip
 Although not explicitly asked for, this question also requires an exact answer.
SECTION 2
22
Question 1f.
Worked solution
To be operational, the television requires at least two switches to be working; i.e. Pr(Y  2).
Using CAS, this gives Pr(Y  2)  0.4687.

 1 mark for stating Pr(Y  2).
 1 mark for answer 0.4687.
SECTION 2
23
Question 1g.
Worked solution
N ~ ( n  12, p  0.468662)
Pr( N  7)  0.1666 (Found using CAS.)
Using CAS gives

 1 mark for recognising the binomial with n = 12 and p = 0.4688.
 1 mark for answer 0.1666.
Tip
 To answer correct to 4 decimal places requires that your calculations be
carried out to at least 5 decimal places.
SECTION 2
24
Question 2a.
Worked solution
Let 4a x  x  0.
So 4a x  x
16a 2 x  x 2
16a 2 x  x 2  0
x (16a 2  x )  0
x  0 or x  16a 2
Since c  0, c  16a 2 .

 1 mark for setting 4a x  x  0.
 1 mark for c = 16a2.
SECTION 2
25
Question 2b.
Worked solution
fa is strictly decreasing for f a   0.
Using CAS, we get f ( x)  0 for x  4a 2 .
So, it is strictly decreasing for x  [4a 2 , ).

 1 mark for finding x  4 a 2 .
 1 mark for x  [4a 2 , ).
Tip
 For strictly increasing/decreasing conditions, turning points must be included.
SECTION 2
26
Question 2c.
Worked solution
At x = c, x = 16a2 and y = 0 (as determined from part a).
2a  x
Using CAS, we get f ( x )  .
x
(4 a  2a )
At x  16a 2 , f (16a 2 ) 
4a
1
  , since a  0.
2
1
So, m   .
2
So equation of the tangent line is

y  y1  m ( x  x1 )
1
y  0   ( x  16a 2 )
2
1
y   ( x  16a 2 )
2
SECTION 2
27

1
 1 mark for finding m   .
2
 1 mark for finding y-intercept.
 1 mark for finding tangent line equation.
Tip
 The question specifically stated ‘show that ...’, therefore your working must
show step-by-step how you obtained your answer.
SECTION 2
28
Question 2d.
Worked solution
1
y   ( x  16a 2 )
2
1
  x  8a 2
2
The tangent line drawn to f a ( x) at x  c passes through the point (0, 8a 2 ).
So in order for the tangent drawn to ga ( x) to pass through the origin, the graph tangent line
must be translated down by 8a 2 , so b  8a 2 .

 1 mark for finding y-intercept (0, 8a 2 ).
 1 mark for finding b  8a 2 .
SECTION 2
29
Question 2e.i.
Worked solution
16 a 2
The area under the curve is given by 
0
4 a x  x d x.
128a 4
Evaluating this using CAS gives the area is equal to square units, since a  0.
3

 1 mark for setting up the integral.
128a 4
 1 mark for the answer square units.
3
Tip
 Make use of the dilation factor and understand what effect this has on the
graph and the resulting area.
SECTION 2
30
Question 2e.ii.
Worked solution
x
f   represents a dilation of factor of 2 parallel to the x-axis. This means the area under the
2
256a 4
curve is doubled, so the area equals square units.
3

 1 mark for identifying the transformation correctly.
256a 4
 1 mark for the answer square units.
3
SECTION 2
31
Question 2f.
Worked solution
1 d
d 0
d
Find d such that ha ( x ) d x  0; i.e. 
0
ha ( x ) d x  0, since d  0.
Using CAS to solve, gives
512a 2
So d  .
9

1 d
d 0
 1 mark for setting up ha ( x ) d x  0.
512a 2
 1 mark for the answer d  .
9
SECTION 2
32
Question 3a.
Worked solution
x -intercept x -intercept
x
(4, 0) (6, 0) x -intercept
(12, 0)

 1 mark for correct shapes and labelling x-intercept correctly.
 1 mark for labelling turning points correctly.
SECTION 2
33
Question 3b.
Worked solution
Firework is extinguished when F = 0.
When F  0, then
  pt ( pt  24)  0
 t  0 or pt  24
24
So t  .
p

 1 mark for setting F = 0.
24
 1 mark for the answer t  .
p
SECTION 2
34
Question 3c.i.
Worked solution
Maximum brightness is achieved when F ( x )  0.
Using CAS gives
(4 p 2t  24 pt  48 p )
So the maximum brightness will occur when  0.
(t  2)3

 1 mark for finding the derivative.
 1 mark for setting it equal to zero.
SECTION 2
35
Question 3c.ii.
12
So the maximum occurs when t  .
p6

 1 mark for finding t in terms of p.
12
 1 mark for simplifying to get t  .
p6
SECTION 2
36
Question 3d.
Worked solution
12  12  36 p
Maximum brightness is at x  and F  = , which was found using CAS.
p6  p  6  p  12

 12 
 1 mark for finding F  .
 p6
36 p
 1 mark for the answer .
p  12
SECTION 2
37
Question 3e.
Worked solution
36 p
For F  11, equation becomes  11.
p  12
Using CAS to find this value of p gives
132
So the value of K is  5.28.
25

36 p
 1 mark for setting  11.
p  12
132
 1 mark for the answer or 5.28.
25
SECTION 2
38
Question 3f.
Worked solution
12
Maximum brightness occurs at t  .
p6
12
We want t  1.5, so equation becomes  1.5.
p6
So the values for p that satisfy the conditions are 2  p  5.28.

 1 mark for finding p  2.
 1 mark for 2  p  5.28.
SECTION 2
39
Question 4a.
Worked solution
The x-intercepts of the graph are at (0, 0) and (2, 0). These are found when y  0 .
Setting y  0 gives
x
cos  nx   0
4
x
  0 or cos  nx   0
4

 x  0 or nx 
2

So when x  2  2n  .
2

n
4

x
 1 mark for setting cos  nx   0.
4

 1 mark for correctly simplifying to give n  .
4
SECTION 2
40
Question 4b.
Worked solution
Using CAS, the second x-intercept occurs at (6, 0); so b  6.
Mark allocation: 1 mark

 1 mark for the correct answer.
SECTION 2
41
Question 4c.i.
Worked solution
y -intercept
(0, 4)

 1 mark for shape passing through (0, 4) and (2, 4).
 1 mark for labelling endpoints correctly.
 1 mark for labelling turning point correctly.
SECTION 2
42
Question 4c.ii.
Worked solution
 2
Using CAS, at x  1 , y   4.
8
Mark allocation: 1 mark

 1 mark for the correct answer.
Tip
 Note that an exact value is required here.
SECTION 2
43
Question 4c.iii.
Worked solution
Use CAS to find when f ( x )  6.
So f ( x )  6 for 3.1815  x  4.3, so for 1.119 km.

 1 mark for finding the points and intersection.
 1 mark for the correct answer 1.119.
Tips
 Be careful of the endpoint! The graph stops at x = 4.3, so the upper endpoint
of the interval is 4.3.
 To give an answer that is correct to 3 decimal places requires that your
working be done to at least 4 decimal places.
SECTION 2
44
Question 4d.i.
Worked solution
d  x 
Use CAS to find p for when 4  cos( px )   0 with x  1.
dx  4 
SECTION 2
45
Although this gives a number of values for p, p= 0.8603 gives the correct outcome. This can
x
be verified by checking the graph y  4  cos( px) with p  0.8603.
4

d  x 
 1 mark for setting 4  cos( px )   0 with x  1.
dx  4 
 1 mark for the answer p  0.8603.
SECTION 2
46
Question 4d.ii.
Worked solution
For the maximum to occur at the endpoint, this requires that the maximum turning point
occurs at x  4.3 and that f (4.3)  f (0)  4.
d  x 
Use CAS to find p such that 4 cos ( px)   0 with x = 4.3.
dx  4 
This gives a number of values for p. Verifying the correct value for p by checking the graph
gives p  0.7966. (Note: The value 0.7967 gives a turning point just before the endpoint.)
SECTION 2
47
Using CAS to solve f (4.3)  4 for p gives p  0.3653.
So for the maximum to occur at x  4.3, then 0.3653  p  0.7966.

d  x 
 1 mark for setting 4 cos ( px)   0 with x = 4.3.
dx  4 
 1 mark for p  0.7966.
 1 mark for f (4.3)  4.
 1 mark for 0.3653  p  0.7966.
Tip
 Don’t assume that the normal rules for rounding apply. Always check your
answer by sketching a graph and seeing whether it complies with the
requirements. In this case, a ‘rounded down’ answer of 0.7966 was required.
END OF WORKED SOLUTIONS BOOK
SECTION 2

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YEAR 12 Trial Exam Paper

This book presents:

 Pr(G | G ) Pr(G | B)  0.65 0.3

Using symmetry, Pr( Z  3)  Pr( Z  3).

So for f ( x )  0, then a  b  0; i.e. a   b.

Using CAS, we get

This gives the mean of 5 years.

Mark allocation: 2 marks

 1 mark for answer of 5 years.

Using CAS to solve for m gives m = 3.77 years.

Mark allocation: 2 marks

 1 mark for answer of m = 3.77 years.

Mark allocation: 2 marks

Using CAS gives

Mark allocation: 2 marks

Mark allocation: 2 marks

Mark allocation: 2 marks

Using CAS gives

Mark allocation: 2 marks

Mark allocation: 2 marks

Mark allocation: 2 marks

So equation of the tangent line is

Mark allocation: 3 marks

must be translated down by 8a 2 , so b  8a 2 .

Mark allocation: 2 marks

Mark allocation: 2 marks

Mark allocation: 2 marks

Using CAS to solve, gives

Mark allocation: 2 marks

Mark allocation: 2 marks

Mark allocation: 2 marks

Using CAS gives

Mark allocation: 2 marks

Mark allocation: 2 marks

Mark allocation: 2 marks

Using CAS to find this value of p gives

Mark allocation: 2 marks

So the values for p that satisfy the conditions are 2  p  5.28.

Mark allocation: 2 marks

Mark allocation: 2 marks

Mark allocation: 1 mark

Mark allocation: 3 marks

Mark allocation: 1 mark

So f ( x )  6 for 3.1815  x  4.3, so for 1.119 km.

Mark allocation: 2 marks

Mark allocation: 2 marks

Using CAS to solve f (4.3)  4 for p gives p  0.3653.

So for the maximum to occur at x  4.3, then 0.3653  p  0.7966.

Mark allocation: 4 marks

 1 mark for p  0.7966.

 1 mark for f (4.3)  4.

 1 mark for 0.3653  p  0.7966.

END OF WORKED SOLUTIONS BOOK

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