Dead State for Water = 25 oC and 1 atm, Liquid

To 25 oC

Psat 3.169 kPa

hf 104.89 kJ/kg
vf 0.001003 m3/kg
Po 101.3 kPa
ho 104.89 kJ/kg
so=sf@25 0.36707 kJ/kg-K
 Qin 3

Wnet= 100 mW
1

4
6

Qout

5
win wex= (h-ho) – To(s-so)
x T (oC) P (MPa) v (m3/kg) h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg-K) wex (kJ/kg)
1 480 8 3348.4 6.6586 1368.63

2 0.9895 165 0.7 2741.8 6.6586 762.034

3 440 0.7 3353.3 7.7571 1046.18

4 0.9382 0.008 2428.57 7.7571 121.451

5 0 41.51 0.008 0.0010084 173.88 0.5926 1.782

6 8 181.94 0.5926 9.842

This case is similar to the previous case, except that a 2-stage turbine with reheat is used. The
fluid leaving the first stage is at 7 bars and is reheated to 440 oC. If the cycle produces a net
work of 100 MW, calculate the mass flow rate of water required, the efficiency of the cycle,
the back work ratio and the heat supplied and the heat rejected.
Wnet=mdot([h1-h2]+[h3-h4]-[h6-h5]) mdot=65.648 kg/s Qin=mdot([h1-h6]+[h3-h2]) = 248016.4 kW

Qout = mdot(h4-h5) = 148016.4 kW

Qin@480

Wex,Qin= Qin(1-To/T)=248016.4*(1-298/753) = 149863.8kJ

Qout@41.51

Wex,Qout= Qout(1-To/T)=148016.4*(1-298/314.51) = 7770.03 kJ

Wout=mdot([h1-h2]+[h3-h4]) = 100529.1 kW
Qin 3

Wnet= 100 mW
Win=529.1 kW 1

4
6

Qout

5
win
 Qin 3

Wnet= 100 mW
1

4
6

Qout

5
win

Win
592.1
Wout1
wex1-wex6
39822.2 Wout,tot Wnet
89202.31 wex2-wex6 Wout2 100529.1
100000
49380.08 60706.9
WexQin Wexd 86.01
149863.8 wex3-wex2 Wex4-Wex6
Wex3-Wex6 WexQout
18653.75 68033.84 7326.94
7770.03
wex,d,b Wex6-Wex5 529.1
42007..77
HW 1 Prob 1
This case is similar to the problem solved in class except that a closed
feed water is used instead of reheat. The condensate from the
closed feedwater heater is saturated water at 7 bars and the exit
temperatures of the two streams are identical (to maximize the heat
transfer). The cycle produces a net work of 100 MW. Analyze

.
 Qin
1
Wnet= 100 mW
1

2 8 MPa
3

6
T 7 2
6
Qout 5
0.7 MPa
4
4 8 8 kPa 3
5
Win

7 8
s
x mi/m T (oC) P (MPa) v (m3/kg) h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg-K) wex (kJ/kg)
1 1 480 8 3348.4 6.6586 1368.634
2 0.9895 0.254 0.7 2741.8 6.6586 762.034

3 0.7944 0.746 0.008 2082.9 6.6586 103.134

4 0 1 0.008 0.0010084 173.88 0.5926 1.781988
5 1 8 181.94 0.5926 9.841988
6 1 165.09 8 702 1.9838 115.3244
7 0 0.254 165 0.7 697.22 1.9922 108.0412
8 0.746 0.008 697.22 2.2556 29.54799
 mdot 91.76 kg/s Qin
1
Wnet= 100 mW

Qin 242824.19 kJ
Qout 142824.19 kJ 2
3
Wout 100739.56 kJ 6
Qout
Win 739.5567 kJ
4
5
Win

7 8

4+2-7-6 4+2-8-6 739.6

Qout
2+3-6
2+2’-6 142084.6
142824.2
Qin 1-6 187164.7
242824.2
242824.2
Wout2 45080.1
Wout Wnet
Wout1 100000
55659.4
100739.6

Win
739.6
 5+2-8-6 7416.9 5+2-7-6 5585 wex,d,FWH 5585
4+2-8-6 6677.4
2+3-6 14259.7
Wex,Qout 7497.46
2+2’-6 Wex,cond
59339.8 Wout2 84.8 Wex,flash
45080.1 1832

1-6 Wnet
114999.2
Wout 100000
Wout1 100739.6
55659.4

146726.44

Wexd
Win Qin
31727.2
739.6 1
Wnet= 100 mW

Qout@41.51
2
3
Wex,Qout= Qout(1-To/T)=148016.4*(1-298/314.51)
6
= 7497.46 kJ Qout
Qin@480 4
5
Wex,Qin= Qin(1-To/T)=248016.4*(1-298/753) Win
= 146726.44kJ
7 8
 Energy Accounting Exergy Accounting

A B C A B C

Qin 251818 248016 242824.2

Qin 152160.9 149863.8 146726.4

Qout 151818 148016 142824.2 Qout 7969.59 7770.03 7497.4

Wnet 100000 100000 100000 Wnet 100000 100000 100000

Dest, Boiler 44100.75 42007.77 31727.2
Dest, Cond 90.6 86.01 84.8
Dest,
Expander 1832
Dest, FWH 5585
Total 152160.9 149863.8 146726.5
Dest, Total 44191.35 42093.78 39229
 A B C A B C

Qin 100.00 100.00 100.00 Qin 100.00 100.00 100.00

Qout 60.29 59.68 58.82 Qout 5.24 5.18 5.11

Wnet 65.72 66.73 68.15
Wnet 39.71 40.32 41.18
Dest, Boiler 28.98 28.03 21.62
Dest, Cond 0.06 0.06 0.06
Dest,
Expander 1.25
Dest, FWH 3.81
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
Dest, Total 29.04 28.09 26.74
 HW 2 Problems 1 and 2

Qin
1
1
Wnet= 100 mW

8 MPa
T
2 4

Qout
3 8 kPa 2

4
3
Win
wex= (h-ho) – To(s-so) s
x T (oC) P (MPa) Vv(m3/kg) h (kJ/kg) s(kJ/kg-K) wex
1 480 8 3348.4 6.6586 1368.634
2 0.7944 0.008 2082.9 6.6586 103.134

3 0 41.51 0.008 0.0010084 173.88 0.5926 1.78199

4 8 181.94 0.5926 9.84199

Steam enters an ideal rankine cycle at 480 oC and 8 MPa and exits the turbine at 8kPa. The
fluid leaving the condenser is saturated water. The cycle produces a net work of 100 MW.
Problem 1

In the problem described in the previous slide, assume that the heat
is supplied from a reservoir at a constant temperature of 500oC. In
addition, assume that the heat is being rejected to a reservoir at a
temperature of 35 oC. Conduct an exergetic analysis

Problem 2

In the problem described in the previous slide, assume that the heat
is supplied by air coming in at 500 oC and exiting at 42 oC. Calculate
the mass of air required. In addition, let the heat removal at the
condenser occur by exchanging it with river water that enters at 25 oC
and exits at 35 oC. Calculate the mass flow rate of river water.
Conduct an exergetic analysis
Problem 3.
Consider a gas turbine power plant with compressor
(C1 and C2) staging and intercooling as shown
below. It operates under the following conditions.

Inlet air at 285 K and 96.128 kPa,

Intercooler operates at 240 kPa and cools to 300 K
Burner operates at 603.16 kPa
Air leaves the burner at 1700 kPa
Turbine (T) exhausts to the ambient at 100 kPa

All devices are ideal except for the turbine which

has an isentropic efficiency of 0.85.

100kg/s of air is introduced into the cycle.

Conduct an exergetic analysis

 Problem 3 contd.

240 kPa 603.16 kPa

285 K
C2 T 100 kPa
96.128 kPa
C1 Intercooler Burner
2 3 4 5 6
1 300 K 1700 K

5 603.16 kPa
1700
240 kPa

100 kPa

6 96.128 kPa
T (K) 4
2 6s
3
300
285
1

s (kJ/kg-K)
Problem 3 contd.
R  Pi  R  Pi 
sio1  sio  ln  si  sio  ln
P 

P 
M  i 1  M  o 
R kJ W H5  H6 mh5  h6 
 0.287  isen ,turbine  act  
M air kg  K Wisen H 5  H 6s h5  h6 s 
m

T P h so s
1 285 96.128 285.14 1.65055 1.661884
2 370 = 1.6505-0.287ln(96.128/240) =1.91313
240 370.67 1.661884
3 300 240 300.19 1.70203 1.45077
4 390 603.16 390.88 = 1.70203-0.287ln(240/603.16) =1.9665 1.45077
5 603.16 1880.1 3.5979 3.082157
1700
6s 3.082157
1104.65 100 1166.46 =3.5979-0.287ln(6.0316) =3.08212
6 100 1273.506

so T h
3.07732 1100 1161.07
3.082182 1104.646 1166.461
3.09825 1120 1184.28