A REPORT

ON
SUMMER TRAINING
STARTING DATE OF TRAINING:-15/06/2018
END DATE OF TRAINING :-25/07/2018

MOHD RIZWAN
1622066019
CIVIL ENGINEERING FINAL YEAR
2018-2019
REPORT SUBMITTED TO:
ER.REHAN ALI KHAN
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

INTEGRAL UNIVERSITY CAMPUS

SHAHJAHANPUR - 242001
AKNOWLEDGMENT
It is great pleasure for me to prevent this training report. I would be an undoing
my job if don't thank to everyone who help me starting this report. First and
foremost I would like to thank site Engg. Mr.ShaharukAzeem khan and special
thank to project manager Mr.Shahabaz khan who supported inspiring towards
this report.he had provided me a nice experience.
Secondly. I am no less grateful to the other members of the department for their
kind co-operation & spontaneous response.
Last but not least ; I express my gratitude toward my family members, my
teachers -
DR. MOHD NASEEM (PRINCIPAL )
ER. REHAN ALI KHAN (HOD CIVIL DEPARTMENT& T.P.O)
ER. IMRAN HUSSAIN KHAN
ER. ARISH KHAN (MENTOR)
, college friends for their kind co-operation and encouragement which help me
in completion of this training
MOHD RIZWAN
V SEMESTER
CIVIL ENGG.
INTEGRAL UNIVERSITY (S.P.N.)
 ABSTRACT

In summer training I get a chance to increase my theoretical knowledge into

practical work.
In this training I have seen the work of slab and beam casting for a building of
city park

This type of building is known as RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

1.1.FOUNDATION
1.2.FOUNDATIONOUNDATION USED IN PROJECT
2.1.(PCC)PLAIN CEMENT CONCERTE
3.1.(DPC)DAMP PROOFING COURSE
4.1.SHUTTERING
4.2.SHUTTERING USED IN PROJECT
4.3.PLYWOOD SHUTTERING
5.1.STEELBAR
5.2.DIFFRENT TYPE OF STEEL BAR
5.2.STEEL BAR USED IN PROJECT
6.1.CURING
6.2.WATER CURING BY JUT BAGS
FOUNDATION

Foundation is lowest part of structure Which provides a base for the super
structure proper. This term include the portion of the structure below the
ground level as well as the artificial arrangement of the concrete block ,piles
,raft ,grillage etc. Provided the transmit the loads on the structure includes the
dead weight of the structure itself to the soil below.
If a steel girder provided in a structure in found to be weak and flexible it can
usually strengthened .
SHALLOW FOUNDATION

1.Isolated spread footing:- this is the most common and simplest and most
economical type of foundation they are generally used in ordinary building.
 The load of the structure is relatively low.
 Column are not closely placed.
 Bearing capacity of the soil is high at a shallow depth.
2. Wall footing:- this type a footing is used to distribute load of structural load
bearing walls to the grounds. Width of this foundation is generally 2 to 3 times
of width of wall .
 Loads to be transmitted are of small magnitude.
 The footing is placed on dense sand and gravels.
3.Combind footing:- it is similar to spread footing. When the column are
closely placed, or the bearing capacity of soil is low and their footing overlap
each other then combined footing is provided.
 The column are placed close to each other.
 Dimensions of one side of footing are restricted to some lower value.
4.Cantilever or strap footing:- it is similar to combined footing and the reasons
for choosing this footing are similar to combined footing.
 The footing under the column are built individually and connected by
strap footing.
 When the edge of the footing can not be extended beyond work property
line. the exterior footing is connected by strap beam with interior footing.
5.Raft or mat foundation:- Raft foundation is provided when the bearing
capacity of soil is poor, the load of the structure is to be distributed over a large
area of structure is constantly subjected to shocks.
 The structure includes a basement.
 Differential settlement us to be prevented.
DEEP FOUNDATION
several type of deep foundations are following types:-
1.PILE FOUNDATION:- The foundation is a common type of foundation they
are used to reduce cost and when as per soil condition consideration .it is
desirable to transmit loads to soil strata which are beyond the reach of shallow
foundation
Piles is a cylindrical member with small cross section area compared to its
length. piles foundation is used to transmit loads to deeper soil or rock strata .
 When there are chances construction of irrigation can also in nearby.
 When the top soil layer is compressible in nature .
2.PIER FOUNDATION:- Pier foundation is a cylindrical structural member
which transfer any load from super structure to the soil by bearing and by not
skin friction.
 The top soil is step play which resist driving the bearing piles .
 When a heavy load is to be transferred to the soil .
3.CASSION FOUNDATION:- It is a water tight retaining is structure used as
a bridge pier , construction of dam .it is generally used in structure which
requires foundation beneath a river or similar water bodies .
Reasons for choosing for this foundation is that can be floated to
desired location and then sunk into place they are is a ready made hollow
cylinder depressed into the soil up to the desired level and then field concrete
which ultimately converts to a foundation.

There are several types of caisson foundation:-

 Box caisson
 Flooring caisson
 Pneumatic caisson
 Open caisson
 Sheeted caisson
 Excavated caisson

 Noise and vibration needed to be reduced then this foundation is

economical.
 Highly lateral and axial capacity is require
(PCC)PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE
It is used for providing a non porous, firm& level space for laying RCC & also
used under flooring .It also used as filler like lump concrete which is mixer
of PCC & boulder. Damp proof concrete.- It is a type of PCCin which 10 mm
below aggregate is used with water proofing compound.

(PCC)PLAIN CONCERTE CEMENT

 FOUNDATIONN USED IN PROJECT

ISOLATED SPRIED FOOTING

1.Isolated spread footing or step footing:-As from the name is

its resampling that footing are stocked upon one another as steps .in those types
footing is used generally residential buildings .they are out dated now. These
types of footing are called as step footing.
 In step footing steel quantity is can be achieved at least
point .in sloped footing the least quantity of concrete achieve .

(DPC) DAMP PROOFING COURSE

Damp proofing is accomplished several ways including: A damp-proof

course(DPC) is a barrier through the structure designed to prevent moisture
rising by capillary action such as through a phenomenon known as rising damp.

(DPC) DAMP PROOFING COURSE

 SHUTTERING
Formwork is the term given to either temporary or permanent moulds into
which concrete or similar materials are poured. In the context of concrete
construction, the false-work supports the shuttering moulds.
TYPES OF SHUTTERING

Timber Formwork:

Timber for formwork should satisfy the following requirement:

It should be

 well seasoned
 light in weight
 easily workable with nails without splittingTimber used for shuttering for
exposed concrete work should have smooth and even surface on all faces
which come in contact with concrete.

Plywood Formwork

Resin bonded plywood sheets are attached to timber frames to make up

panels of required sizes. The cost of plywood formwork compares
favourably with that of timber shuttering and it may even prove cheaper
in certain cases in view of the following considerations:

1. It is possible to have smooth finish in which case on cost in surface

finishing is there.

2. By use of large size panels it is possible to effect saving in the labour

cost of fixing and dismantling.

3. Number of reuses are more as compared with timber shuttering. For

estimation purpose, number of reuses can be taken as 20 to 25.
 4. STEEL BAR

Generally there are two types of steel base available in the market.

1. Mild steel bar : (as per IS : 432-1982) Mild steel bar are used for tensile
stress of RCC (Reinforced cement concrete) slab beams etc. In rein
forced cement concrete work. These steel bar are plain in surface and are
manufactured in long lengths and can be cut quickly and bent easily
without damage.

2. Deformed steel bar : (As per IS 1786-1985) As deformed bar are rods
of steel provided with lags, rids or deformation on the surface of bar ,
these bar minimize slippage in concrete and increase the bond b/w the
two materials . Deformed bars have more tensile stresses then that of
mild steel plain bars. these bars can be used without end. Hooks the
deformation should be spaced along the bar at substantially uniform
distances. Cold twisted deformed (Ribbed or Tor steel bar) bars are
commended as best quality steel bars for construction work by structural
engineer.
TMT(thermo mechanically treated bar) : TMT thermo mechanically treated
bars are high strength deformed steel bars used in reinforced cement
concrete(RCC) work manufactured with the help of advancement of technology
. TMT bars are latest production in ms steel bars and have superior properties
such , bending ability and highest quality
STEEL BAR USED IN PROJECT

1. Mild steel bar : (as per IS : 432-1982) Mild steel bar are used for tensile
stress of RCC (Reinforced cement concrete) slab beams etc. In rein
forced cement concrete work. These steel bar are plain in surface and are
manufactured in long lengths and can be cut quickly and bent easily
without damage.

MILD STEEL BAR

TMT(thermo mechanically treated bar) : TMT thermo mechanically treated
bars are high strength deformed steel bars used in reinforced cement
concrete(RCC) work manufactured with the help of advancement of technology
. TMT bars are latest production in ms steel bars and have superior properties
such , bending ability and highest quality
CURING
Curing is the maintaining of an adequate moisture content and temperature
in concrete at early ages so that it can develop properties the mixture was
designed to achieve. Curing begins immediately after placement and finishing
so that the concrete may develop the desired strength and durability.

WATER CURINGBY JOOT BAGS

Water curing, if properly carried out, can be the most efficient - and the most
appropriate for some types of work, e.g. floors, and include ponding, sprinkling,
and wet coverings‫۔‬
 BRICKWORK
Brickwork is masonry produced by a bricklayer, using bricks and mortar.
Typically, rows of bricks—called courses— are laid on top of one another to
build up a structure such as a brick wall.

TYPES OF BRICKWORK

1. Stretcher Bond / Running Bond

One of the most common brick bonds, also popularly called running bonds. This
bond is very easy to lay, in fact, is one of the simplest ones used today. Stretcher
bond is suitable when walls of half brick thickness need to be constructed.
Different types of wall construction done using this kind of bond are:

 Sleeper walls
 Partition walls
 Division walls (internal dividers)
 Stretcher bonds are not very suitable for stand-alone structural walls, but
very useful for construction of walls with less thickness. Note, this bond
will fail if the thickness of the walls is more than half of the total length of
the brick used.

2. Header Bond
A header is the shorter face of the brick. In header bond brick masonry all
bricks are constructed in the header course. In this bond, the overlap is
performed corresponding to a half width of the bricks. The three-quarter
brickbats are utilized in alternative courses as quoins. This bond is mainly used
for the construction of one brick thick walls.
3. English Bond
One of the most commonly utilized variations of brick bonds in masonry works.
This bond essentially comprises of alternating courses of headers and
stretchers. Headers are laid centred over the stretchers in the course below and
each alternate row is vertically aligned. To break the continuousness of vertical
joints, a quoin closer is used at the start and end of a wall after the first header.
A quoin close is a brick that is cut lengthwise into 2 halves and used in the
corners in brick walls. This type of bond is mainly used to construct strong one
brick thickness walls.

4. Flemish Bond
For this type of bond, each course is made up of alternate headers and
stretchers. Each header is centred on a stretcher above and below and every
alternate course begins with a header in the corner. For breaking the vertical
joints in the successive courses, quoin closers are introduced in alternate
courses next to the header.
Conclusions:-

1. The training is an important course because it closes the gap between the
scientific study and practical study.
2. Learning you how to deal with other.
3. Finding that team work is the most important element in every successful
project.
4. Learning you how to control & manage the site and how behaves when
their problems by take a professional decision.
5. Plans must be clear and easy to read for those who used.
6. Successful engineer will find the economic desing and the project is
implemented less time.