26/968 Electrical Power Engineering Reference & Applications Handbook

harmonics content may be checked by an oscilloscope. will be essential to restore the operating conditions within
If the actual operating conditions differ from the designed the permissible limits, say, by providing series reactors
parameters by more than permissible, suitable measures or filter circuits in the system as discussed already.

Relevant Standards

IEC Title IS BS

60060-1/1989 High voltage test techniques. General definitions and test 2071-1/1999 BS 923-1/1990 –
requirements.
60060-2/1994 High voltage test techniques. Measuring systems. 2071-2/2001 BS EN 60060-2/1997 –
60071-1/1993 Insulation coordination phase to earth – Principles and rules. 2165-1/2001 BS EN 60071-1/1997 –
60071-2/1996 Insulation coordination phase to phase – Principles and rules. 2165-2/2001 BS EN 60071-2/1997 –
60110-1/1998 Power capacitors for induction heating installations – General 9251/2001 – –
60110-2/2000 Power capacitors for induction heating installations – Ageing test, – – –
destruction test etc.
60143-1/2004 Series capacitors for power systems. General performance, testing 9835-1/2001 BS EN 60143-1/1993 –
and rating. Safety requirements. Guide for installation.
60143-2/1994 Series capacitors for power systems. Protective equipment for – BS EN 60143-2/1995 –
series capacitor banks.
60831-1/2002 Shunt power capacitors of the self healing type for a.c. systems 13340/1998 BS EN 60831-1/1998 –
having rated voltage up to and including 1000 V.
General performance, testing and rating. Safety requirements. Guide
for installation and operation.
60831-2/1995 Shunt power capacitors of the self healing type for a.c. systems 13341/1997 BS EN 60831-2/1996 –
having rated voltage up to and including 1000 V.
Ageing test, self-heating test and destruction test.
60871-1/1998 Shunt capacitors for a.c. power system having rated voltage above 13925-1/1998 BS EN 60871-1/1998 –
1000 V (non-self-healing type).
General performance, testing and rating. Special requirements.
Guide for installation and operation.
60871-2/1999 Shunt capacitors for a.c. power system rated voltage above 1000 13925-2/2002 BS 7264-2/1990 –
V (non-self-healing type). Endurance testing. Protection of shunt 13925-3/2002
capacitors and shunt capacitor banks.
60931-1/2002 Shunt power capacitors of the non-self-healing type up to and 13585-1/1999 BS EN 60931-1/1998 –
including 1000 V. General, performance, testing and rating. Safety
requirements. Guide for installation and operation.
60931-2/1995 Shunt power capacitors of non-self-healing type up to and including 13585-2/1998 BS EN 60931-2/1996 –
1000 V.
Ageing test and destruction test.

Relevant US Standards ANSI/NEMA and IEEE

ANSI/IEEE-18/2002 Standard for shunt power capacitors.

ANSI/IEEE-C37.90.1/2002 Guide for surge withstand capability tests, for protective relays and relay systems.
IEEE-37.99/2000 Guide for protection of shunt capacitor banks.
IEEE-1036/1992 Guide for application of shunt power capacitors.
IEEE-1313.1/1996 Insulation coordination – Definitions, principles and rules.
NEMA/CP-1/2000 Shunt capacitors, both LV and HV.

Notes
1 In the table of relevant Standards while the latest editions of the Standards are provided, it is possible that revised editions have become
available or some of them are even withdrawn. With the advances in technology and/or its application, the upgrading of Standards is a
continuous process by different Standards organizations. It is therefore advisable that for more authentic references, one may consult the
relevant organizations for the latest version of a Standard.
2 Some of the BS or IS Standards mentioned against IEC may not be identical.
3 The year noted against each Standard may also refer to the year it was last reaffirmed and not necessarily the year of publication.
 Protection, maintenance and testing of capacitor units 26/969

List of formulae used Current unbalance

3 N ◊ N2
Voltage unbalance Iu = ¥ Ic (26.2)
6 N 2 ◊ N1 – 6 N ◊ N1 + 5 N

N ◊ Vph Iu = Unbalanced current through the interconnected

Vu = (26.1) neutral
3N 2 ◊ N 1 – 3 N ◊ N 1 + 2 N Ic = current per capacitor unit
Vu = Unbalanced voltage across the open delta. This is
for grounded systems. For isolated systems, it
will be three times this Further Reading
V1 AIEE Committee, Report of a Survey on the Connection of Shunt
Vph =
3 Capacitor Banks, Report, Vol. 77, pp. 1452–58, Feb. (1959).
Central Board of Irrigation and Power, India, Manual on Shunt
N = number of units failed Power Capacitors – Operation and Maintenance, Technical
N1 = number of units in series per group per phase Report No. 33, Jan. (1984).
N2 = number of units in parallel per group per phase Longland, T., Hunt, T.W. and Brecknell, W.A. Power Capacitor
Handbook, Butterworth, London (1984).