Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Piezoelectricity - Wikipedia PDF
Piezoelectricity - Wikipedia PDF
Piezoelectricity - Wikipedia PDF
History
Discovery and early research
Mechanism
Piezoelectric plate used to convert audio signal to
sound waves
Mathematical description
In matrix form,
Crystal classes
Materials
Many materials, both natural and
synthetic, exhibit piezoelectricity:
Quartz
Berlinite (AlPO4), a rare phosphate
mineral that is structurally identical to
quartz
Sucrose (table sugar)
Rochelle salt
Topaz
Tourmaline-group minerals
Lead titanate (PbTiO3). Although it
occurs in nature as mineral
macedonite,[21][22] it is synthesized for
research and applications.
Tendon
Silk
Wood due to piezoelectric texture
Enamel
Dentin
DNA
Viral proteins, including those from
bacteriophage. One study has found
that thin films of M13 bacteriophage
can be used to construct a piezoelectric
generator sufficient to operate a liquid
crystal display.[29]
Synthetic crystals
Synthetic ceramics
Lead-free piezoceramics
Polymers
Organic nanostructures
Application
Currently, industrial and manufacturing is
the largest application market for
piezoelectric devices, followed by the
automotive industry. Strong demand also
comes from medical instruments as well
as information and telecommunications.
The global demand for piezoelectric
devices was valued at approximately
US$14.8 billion in 2010. The largest
material group for piezoelectric devices is
piezocrystal, and piezopolymer is
experiencing the fastest growth due to its
low weight and small size.[35]
Sensors
Piezoelectric disk used as a guitar pickup
Actuators
Metal disk with piezoelectric disk attached, used in a
buzzer.
Frequency standard
Piezoelectric motors
A slip-stick actuator.
Infertility treatment
Surgery
Potential applications
In 2015, Cambridge University researchers
working in conjunction with researchers
from the National Physical Laboratory and
Cambridge-based dielectric antenna
company Antenova Ltd, using thin films of
piezoelectric materials found that at a
certain frequency, these materials become
not only efficient resonators, but efficient
radiators as well, meaning that they can
potentially be used as antennas. The
researchers found that by subjecting the
piezoelectric thin films to an asymmetric
excitation, the symmetry of the system is
similarly broken, resulting in a
corresponding symmetry breaking of the
electric field, and the generation of
electromagnetic radiation.[49][50]
Photovoltaics
See also
Charge amplifier
Electronic component
Electret
Electrostriction
Energy harvesting, methods of
converting other forms of energy to
electricity.
Ferroelectricity
Flexoelectricity
Magnetostriction
Photoelectric effect
Piezoluminescence
Piezomagnetism
Piezosurgical
Piezoresistive effect
Sonomicrometry
Surface acoustic wave
Triboluminescence
Piezotronics
Piezoelectric speaker
References
1. Holler, F. James; Skoog, Douglas A.;
Crouch, Stanley R. (2007). "Chapter 1".
Principles of Instrumental Analysis (6th
ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-
495-01201-6.
2. Harper, Douglas. "piezoelectric" . Online
Etymology Dictionary.
3. πιέζειν , ἤλεκτρον . Liddell, Henry
George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English
Lexicon at the Perseus Project.
4. Manbachi, A. & Cobbold, R.S.C. (2011).
"Development and Application of
Piezoelectric Materials for Ultrasound
Generation and Detection". Ultrasound. 19
(4): 187–196.
doi:10.1258/ult.2011.011027 .
5. Gautschi, G. (2002). Piezoelectric
Sensorics: Force, Strain, Pressure,
Acceleration and Acoustic Emission
Sensors, Materials and Amplifiers.
Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-04732-3 .
ISBN 978-3-662-04732-3.
6. Krautkrämer, J. & Krautkrämer, H.
(1990). Ultrasonic Testing of Materials.
Springer.
7. Erhart, Jiří. "Piezoelectricity and
ferroelectricity: Phenomena and
properties" (PDF). Department of Physics,
Technical University of Liberec. Archived
from the original on May 8, 2014.
8. Curie, Jacques; Curie, Pierre (1880).
"Développement par compression de
l'électricité polaire dans les cristaux
hémièdres à faces inclinées"
[Development, via compression, of electric
polarization in hemihedral crystals with
inclined faces]. Bulletin de la Société
minérologique de France. 3: 90–93.
Reprinted in: Curie, Jacques; Curie, Pierre
(1880). "Développement, par pression, de
l'électricité polaire dans les cristaux
hémièdres à faces inclinées" . Comptes
rendus (in French). 91: 294–295. Archived
from the original on 2012-12-05.
See also: Curie, Jacques; Curie, Pierre
(1880). "Sur l'électricité polaire dans les
cristaux hémièdres à faces inclinées" [On
electric polarization in hemihedral crystals
with inclined faces]. Comptes rendus (in
French). 91: 383–386. Archived from the
original on 2012-12-05.
9. Lippmann, G. (1881). "Principe de la
conservation de l'électricité" [Principle of
the conservation of electricity]. Annales de
chimie et de physique (in French). 24: 145.
Archived from the original on 2016-02-08.
10. Curie, Jacques; Curie, Pierre (1881).
"Contractions et dilatations produites par
des tensions dans les cristaux hémièdres
à faces inclinées" [Contractions and
expansions produced by voltages in
hemihedral crystals with inclined faces].
Comptes rendus (in French). 93: 1137–
1140. Archived from the original on 2012-
12-05.
11. Voigt, Woldemar (1910). Lehrbuch der
Kristallphysik . Berlin: B. G. Teubner.
Archived from the original on 2014-04-21.
12. Katzir, S. (2012). "Who knew
piezoelectricity? Rutherford and Langevin
on submarine detection and the invention
of sonar" . Notes Rec. R. Soc. 66 (2): 141–
157. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2011.0049 .
Archived from the original on 2015-11-17.
13. M. Birkholz (1995). "Crystal-field
induced dipoles in heteropolar crystals –
II. physical significance" . Z. Phys. B. 96
(3): 333–340.
Bibcode:1995ZPhyB..96..333B .
doi:10.1007/BF01313055 . Archived from
the original on 2016-10-30.
14. S. Trolier-McKinstry (2008). "Chapter3:
Crystal Chemistry of Piezoelectric
Materials". In A. Safari; E.K. Akdo˘gan.
Piezoelectric and Acoustic Materials for
Transducer Applications. New York:
Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-76538-9.
15. Sensor Sense: Piezoelectric Force
Sensors Archived 2010-04-13 at the
Wayback Machine.. Machinedesign.com
(2008-02-07). Retrieved on 2012-05-04.
16. Ikeda, T. (1996). Fundamentals of
piezoelectricity. Oxford University Press.
17. Damjanovic, Dragan (1998).
"Ferroelectric, dielectric and piezoelectric
properties of ferroelectric thin films and
ceramics". Reports on Progress in Physics.
61 (9): 1267–1324.
Bibcode:1998RPPh...61.1267D .
doi:10.1088/0034-4885/61/9/002 .
18. Kochervinskii, V. (2003).
"Piezoelectricity in Crystallizing
Ferroelectric Polymers". Crystallography
Reports. 48 (4): 649–675.
Bibcode:2003CryRp..48..649K .
doi:10.1134/1.1595194 .
19. "Piezoelectric Crystal Classes" .
Newcastle University, UK. Archived from
the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved
8 March 2015.
20. "Pyroelectric Crystal Classes" .
Newcastle University, UK. Archived from
the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved
8 March 2015.
21. Radusinović, Dušan & Markov, Cvetko
(1971). "Macedonite – lead titanate: a new
mineral" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 56:
387–394. Archived (PDF) from the original
on 2016-03-05.
22. Burke, E. A. J. & Kieft, C. (1971).
"Second occurrence of makedonite,
PbTiO3, Långban, Sweden". Lithos. 4: 101–
104. Bibcode:1971Litho...4..101B .
doi:10.1016/0024-4937(71)90102-2 .
23. Akizuki, Mizuhiko; Hampar, Martin S.;
Zussman, Jack (1979). "An explanation of
anomalous optical properties of topaz"
(PDF). Mineralogical Magazine. 43 (326):
237–241. Bibcode:1979MinM...43..237A .
doi:10.1180/minmag.1979.043.326.05 .
24. Minary-Jolandan, M. & Yu, Min-Feng
(2009). "Nanoscale characterization of
isolated individual type I collagen fibrils:
Polarization and piezoelectricity".
Nanotechnology. 20 (8): 085706.
Bibcode:2009Nanot..20h5706M .
doi:10.1088/0957-4484/20/8/085706 .
PMID 19417467 .
25. Lakes, Roderic. "Electrical Properties
of Bone: A Review" . University of
Wisconsin–Madison. Archived from the
original on 2013-11-05.
26. Becker, Robert O.; Marino, Andrew A.
(1982). "Chapter 4: Electrical Properties of
Biological Tissue (Piezoelectricity)" .
Electromagnetism & Life. Albany, New
York: State University of New York Press.
ISBN 0-87395-560-9. Archived from the
original on 2009-08-02.
27. Pollack, S. R.; Korostoff, E.;
Starkebaum,, W.; Lannicone,, W. (1979).
"Micro-Electrical Studies of Stress-
Generated Potentials in Bone". In Brighton,
C. T.; Black, J.; Pollack, S. R. Electrical
Properties of Bone and Cartilage. New
York, NY: Grune & Stratton. ISBN 0-8089-
1228-3.
28. Fotiadis, D. I.; Foutsitzi, G.; Massalas,
C. V. (1999). "Wave propagation modeling
in human long bones" . Acta Mechanica.
137: 65–81. doi:10.1007/BF01313145 .
29. Lee, B. Y.; Zhang, J.; Zueger, C.; Chung,
W. J.; Yoo, S. Y.; Wang, E.; Meyer, J.;
Ramesh, R.; Lee, S. W. (2012-05-13).
"Virus-based piezoelectric energy
generation". Nature Nanotechnology. 7 (6):
351–6. Bibcode:2012NatNa...7..351L .
doi:10.1038/nnano.2012.69 .
PMID 22581406 .
30. Jaffe, B.; Cook, W. R.; Jaffe, H. (1971).
Piezoelectric Ceramics. New York:
Academic.
31. Saito, Yasuyoshi; Takao, Hisaaki; Tanil,
Toshihiko; Nonoyama, Tatsuhiko; Takatori,
Kazumasa; Homma, Takahiko; Nagaya,
Toshiatsu; Nakamura, Masaya (2004-11-
04). "Lead-free piezoceramics" . Nature.
Nature Publishing Group. 432 (7013): 81–
87. Bibcode:2004Natur.432...84S .
doi:10.1038/nature03028 .
PMID 15516921 . Archived from the
original on 2008-12-26.
32. Gurdal, Erkan A.; Ural, Seyit O.; Park,
Hwi-Yeol; Nahm, Sahn; Uchino, Kenji
(2011). "High Power (Na0.5K0.5)NbO3-
Based Lead-Free Piezoelectric
Transformer". Japanese Journal of
Applied Physics. 50 (2): 027101.
Bibcode:2011JaJAP..50b7101G .
doi:10.1143/JJAP.50.027101 . ISSN 0021-
4922 .
33. Migliorato, Max; et al. "A Review of Non
Linear Piezoelectricity in Semiconductors".
AIP Conf Proc. AIP Publishing. 1590 (N/A):
32–41. doi:10.1063/1.4870192 .
34. Kholkin, Andrei; Nadav, Amdursky; Igor,
Bdikin; Ehud, Gazit; Gil, Rosenman. "Strong
Piezoelectricity in Bioinspired Peptide
Nanotubes". ACS Nano. ACS. 4 (2): 610–
614. doi:10.1021/nn901327v .
35. "Market Report: World Piezoelectric
Device Market" . Market Intelligence.
Archived from the original on 2011-07-03.
36. Richard, Michael Graham (2006-08-04).
"Japan: Producing Electricity from Train
Station Ticket Gates" . TreeHugger.
Discovery Communications, LLC.
Archived from the original on 2007-07-09.
37. Wright, Sarah H. (2007-07-25). "MIT
duo sees people-powered "Crowd Farm" " .
MIT news. Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. Archived from the original on
2007-09-12.
38. Kannampilly, Ammu (2008-07-11).
"How to Save the World One Dance at a
Time" . ABC News. Archived from the
original on 2010-10-31.
39. Barbehenn, George H. (October 2010).
"True Grid Independence: Robust Energy
Harvesting System for Wireless Sensors
Uses Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting
Power Supply and Li-Poly Batteries with
Shunt Charger" . Journal of Analog
Innovation: 36.
40. Phillips, James R. (2000-08-10).
"Piezoelectric Technology: A Primer" .
eeProductCenter. TechInsights. Archived
from the original on 2010-10-06.
41. Speck, Shane (2004-03-11). "How
Rocket-Propelled Grenades Work by Shane
Speck" . HowStuffWorks.com. Archived
from the original on 2012-04-29. Retrieved
2012-05-04.
42. Moubarak, P.; et al. (2012). "A Self-
Calibrating Mathematical Model for the
Direct Piezoelectric Effect of a New MEMS
Tilt Sensor". IEEE Sensors Journal. 12 (5):
1033–1042.
doi:10.1109/jsen.2011.2173188 .
43. Le Letty, R.; Barillot, F.; Lhermet, N.;
Claeyssen, F.; Yorck, M.; Gavira Izquierdo,
J.; Arends, H.; Barillot, F.; Lhermet, N.;
Claeyssen, F.; Yorck, M.; Gavira Izquierdo,
J.; Arends, H. (2001). "The scanning
mechanism for ROSETTA/MIDAS from an
engineering model to the flight model". In
Harris, R. A. Proceedings of the 9th
European Space Mechanisms and
Tribology Symposium, 19–21 September
2001, Liège, Belgium. ESA SP-480. 480.
Noordwijk, Netherlands: ESA Publications
Division. pp. 75–81.
Bibcode:2001ESASP.480...75L . ISBN 92-
9092-761-5.
44. Simonsen, Torben R. (27 September
2010). "Piezo in space" . Electronics
Business (in Danish). Archived from the
original on 29 September 2010. Retrieved
28 September 2010.
45. "Isn't it amazing how one smart idea,
one chip and an intelligent material has
changed the world of tennis?" . HEAD.
Archived from the original on February 22,
2007. Retrieved 2008-02-27.
46. Baltaci, Volkan; Ayvaz, Özge Üner;
Ünsal, Evrim; Aktaş, Yasemin; Baltacı,
Aysun; Turhan, Feriba; Özcan, Sarp;
Sönmezer, Murat (2009). "The
effectiveness of intracytoplasmic sperm
injection combined with piezoelectric
stimulation in infertile couples with total
fertilization failure". Fertil. Steril. 94 (3):
900–4.
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.03.107 .
PMID 19464000 .
47. Hoigne, D.J.; Stubinger, S.; von Kaenel,
O.; Shamdasani, S.; Hasenboehler, P.
(2006). "Piezoelectric osteotomy in hand
surgery: first experiences with a new
technique". BMC Musculoskelet. Disord. 7:
36. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-7-36 .
48. Labanca, M.; Azzola, F.; Vinci, R.;
Rodella, L. F. (2008). "Piezoelectric
surgery: twenty years of use". Br. J. Oral
Maxillofac. Surg. 46 (4): 265–9.
doi:10.1016/j.bjoms.2007.12.007 .
PMID 18342999 .
49. Sinha, Dhiraj; Amaratunga, Gehan
(2015). "Electromagnetic Radiation Under
Explicit symmetry Breaking,". Physical
Review Letters. 114 (14): 147701.
Bibcode:2015PhRvL.114n7701S .
doi:10.1103/physrevlett.114.147701 .
PMID 25910163 .
50. "New understanding of
electromagnetism could enable 'antennas
on a chip' " . cam.ac.uk. Archived from the
original on 2016-03-04.
51. Bischur, E.; Schwesinger, N. (January
2012). "Organic Piezoelectric Energy
Harvesters in Floor" . Advanced Materials
Research. 433–440: 5848–5853.
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.433-
440.5848 . Archived from the original on
27 July 2014. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
52. Duarte, F.; Casimiro, F.; Correia, D.;
Mendes, R.; Ferreira, A. (2013). "A new
pavement energy harvest system".
Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Conference (IRSEC), 2013 International:
408–413.
doi:10.1109/IRSEC.2013.6529704 .
ISBN 978-1-4673-6374-7.
53. Cafiso, Salvatore; Cuomo, M.; Di
Graziano, A.; Vecchio, C. (2013).
"Experimental Analysis for Piezoelectric
Transducers Applications into Roads
Pavements". Advanced Materials
Research. 684: 253–257.
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.684.
253 .
54. Arjun, A.; Sampath, A.; Thiyagarajan, S.;
Arvind, V. (December 2011). "A Novel
Approach to Recycle Energy Using
Piezoelectric Crystals". International
Journal of Environmental Science and
Development. 2: 488–492.
doi:10.7763/IJESD.2011.V2.175 .
55. Li, Xiaofeng; Strezov, Vladimir (2014).
"Modelling piezoelectric energy harvesting
potential in an educational building".
Energy Conversion and Management. 85:
435–442.
doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2014.05.096 .
56. "Goodyear Is Trying to Make an
Electricity-Generating Tire" . WIRED.
Archived from the original on 11 May
2016. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
57. Heidi Hoopes (November 8, 2013).
"Good vibrations lead to efficient
excitations in hybrid solar cells" .
Gizmag.com. Archived from the original
on November 11, 2013. Retrieved
2013-11-11.
58. Shoaee, S.; Briscoe, J.; Durrant, J. R.;
Dunn, S. (2013). "Acoustic Enhancement of
Polymer/ZnO Nanorod Photovoltaic
Device Performance". Advanced Materials.
26 (2): 263–8.
doi:10.1002/adma.201303304 .
PMID 24194369 .
International standards
Retrieved from
"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Piezoelectricity&oldid=828391876"