Chapter 6 vocab

Prokaryotic - Only organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of prokaryotic cells. No
nucleus, DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid, No membrane-bound organelles, Cytoplasm
bound by the plasma membrane

Eukaryotic -Protists, fungi, animals, and plants all consist of eukaryotic cells. DNA in a nucleus that is
bounded by a double membrane. Membrane-bound organelles. Cytoplasm in the region between the
plasma membrane and nucleus. Eukaryotic cells are generally much larger than prokaryotic cells

The function of the following organelles

Cytoplasm -the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.

Plasma membrane -is to protect the cell from its surroundings.

Nucleus -contains most of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell. The nucleus contains most of the cell’s genes and
is usually the most conspicuous organelle

Nucleolus - is to rewrite ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and combine it with proteins.

Chromosomes - Passed from parents to offspring, DNA contains the specific instructions that make each
type of living creature unique. Located inside the nucleus.

Chromotin - is to efficiently package DNA into a small volume to fit into the nucleus of a cell and protect
the DNA structure and sequence.

Ribosomes - are a cell structure that makes protein.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - is to make cellular products like hormones and lipids.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum - is to produce proteins.

Golgi apparatus - A major function is the modifying, sorting and packaging of proteins for secretion. It is
also involved in the transport of lipids around the cell, and the creation of lysosomes

Lysosomes - Lysosomes hold enzymes that were created by the cell. The purpose of the lysosome is to
digest things. Such as food or dead cells.

Contractile vacuoles - is to pump water out of the cell through a process called osmoregulation, the
regulation of osmotic pressure. It occurs in freshwater protists, but mainly in the kingdom Protista as a
whole.

Central vacuole - to hold materials and wastes. It also functions to maintain the proper pressure within
the plant cells to provide structure and support for the growing plant.

Mitochondria - is to perform cellular respiration.

Chloroplasts - w ork to convert light energy of the Sun into sugars that can be used by cells

Cytoskeleton - forms a framework for the movement of organelles around the cytoplasm - most of the
organelles are attached to the cytoskeleton.
Cilia are capable of whipping motions and are used by some microorganisms, such as paramecia, for
movement.

Flagella rotates in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, in a motion similar to that of a propeller.

Plant cell wall - allow plants to have rigid structures as varied as wood trunks and supple leaves

Plasmodesmata - is a channel through the cell wall that allows molecules and substances to move back
and forth as needed.