DISCRETE-TIME SIGNAL PROCESSING

Assignement 4
Q.1:
The correct option is (c).

z2
First note that we can write X(z) = z −1 (z−a)2 = z −1 H(z), where H(z) =
2
z
(z−a)2 = (1−az1 −1 )2 . Since the product of the z-transforms of the two sequences
is the z-transform
( of the
) convolution of those two sequences, we ( can find
) out
−1 ′ ′ ′ −1
h(n) = Z 1
(1−az −1 )2 = x (n) ∗ x (n), where x (n) = Z 1
1−az −1 and
( )
Z −1 · is the inverse z-transform operator.
Since |z| < |a|, x′ (n) is the left-sided sequence, x′ (n) = −an u(−n − 1).
∑
∞
Hence, x(n) = x′ (n) ∗ x′ (n) = [−ak u(−k − 1)] · [−an−k u(−n + k − 1)]
k=−∞

∞
∑ −1
∑
= an u(−k − 1) · u(−n + k − 1) = an u(−n + k − 1)
k=−∞ k=−∞

∑
−1
= an 1, (for n ≤ −2)
k=n+1
=0. (for n > −2)

Hence,
−1
∑
h(n) = an [ 1]u(−n−2) = an [−1−(n+1)+1]u(−n−2) = −[n+1]an u(−n−2).
k=n+1

Since X(z) = z −1 H(z), we have x(n) = h(n − 1). Then the solution follows
trivially.

Q.2:
The correct option is (d).
 ∑
∞ ∑
∞
The z-transform of x(−n), X ′ (z) = x(−n)z −n = x(m)z m ,
n=−∞ m=−∞
(assuming m = −n)
∞
∑ [ ]−m ( )
1 1
= x(m) =X .
m=−∞
z z

(1)
Since, X(z) converges for |z| < 2; X converges for 1
|z| < 2, i.e., |z| > 12 .
( ) z
So, the R.O.C. of X z1 is |z| > 12 .

Q.3:
The correct option is (a).

We know that y(n) = 4 point IDFT of X 2 (k) means, y(n) : 4 point circular
convolution of x(n) with itself.

To find out the circular convolution, we follow the following steps:

1) We create a new sequence xp (n) by periodically repeating x(n). So, xp (n) =

[· · · , 1, 0, 0, −1, 1, 0, 0, −1,1, 0, 0, −1, 1, 0, 0, −1, · · · ]
The underlined sample is located at the n = 0 index.
2) Flip xp (n) around origin.
3) To obtain y(l), l = 0, 1, 2, 3, first shift the flipped sequence to the right by
l indices. Then form a 4-point sequence, say, hl (n) by taking the samples at
n = 0, 1, 2, 3 only. ∑3
4) Then y(l) = n=0 x(n)hl (n).

Q.4:
The correct option is (a).
N∑ N∑
[N −1 ]∗
−1 −1 ∑
For k = 0, Y (k) = Y (0) = y(n) = x∗ (n) = x(n) = X ∗ (0).
n=0 n=0 n=0
For k = 1, 2, · · · , N − 1,
N∑
−1 N∑
−1
Y (k) = y(n)e−j2πnk/N = x∗ (n)e−j2πnk/N
n=0 n=0
[N −1 ]∗ [N −1 ]∗
∑ ∑
j2πnk/N j2πnk/N −j2πnN/N
= x(n)e = x(n)e e
n=0 n=0
[N −1 ]∗
∑
−j2πn(N −k)/N
= x(n)e = X ∗ (N − k).
n=0

2
Q.5:
The correct option is (d).

The explanation is similar to the Q.3.