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6.7math252day 1 PDF
6.7math252day 1 PDF
7: Work
In physics, the term "work" has a specific meaning.
Work or No Work?
Push on a wall. Is work done?
Carry a tray. Is work done?
Drop an object. Is work done?
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Constant Forces
are a special case.
US Customary System Metric System
Force in pounds Force in newtons
Displacement in feet Displacement in meters
Work in____________ Work in____________
Examples involving CONSTANT forces:
Example: How much work is done when a 500 kg object is lifted to a
height of 10 meters.
Example: How much work is done when a 500 lb object is lifted to a
height of 10 feet.
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What about Variable Forces?
There is a force function.
Divide up the interval into tiny subintervals over which force
can be thought of as constant.
Example: A force, in lb, moves an object along a straight line, where x is
the distance in feet from the origin. Calculate the work done in moving the object from
30 to 50 feet from the origin.
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Springs
Hooke's Law states the force required maintain a
spring stretched x units beyond its natural length is
proportional to x:
f(x) = kx
So...to calculate the work done when a spring is stretched, we find...
Example: A spring has a natural length of 20 cm. A 40 N force is
required to stretch (and hold the spring) to a length of 30 cm. How much
work is done in stretching the spring from 35 cm to 38 cm?
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Example: A force of 25 lbs is required to hold a spring stretched 8 inches
beyond its natural length. How much work is done in stretching it from its
natural length to 15 inches beyond its natural length?
Remember to pay attention to units!
Units on all given information let you know what you are working with.
Given ftpounds, you have __________________.
Given Joules, you have _____________________.
Given kilograms, you have __________________.
Given Newtons, you have ___________________.
Given pounds, you have ____________________.
Including units in the integral setup process helps you know
if you left out anything.
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Example: 6 J of work is needed to stretch a spring from its natural length
of 10 cm to 50 cm. Find the spring constant.
Cables, Chains, and Ropes:
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Example: A 50foot chain hangs down in a well. The chain weighs 0.5lb/ft.
Find the work required to pull up the entire chain.
Example: A 50foot chain hangs down in a well and there is a bucket
attached that weighs 70 lb when full of water. The chain weighs 0.5lb/ft.
Find the work required to pull up the entire chain and bucket.
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Example: A 50foot chain hangs down in a well. There is no bucket on the
chain. The chain weighs 0.5lb/ft. Find the work required to pull up HALF
of the chain.
Example: A 50foot chain that weighs 200 pounds hangs down in a well.
How much work is done if the bottom of the chain is raised to the ceiling?
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The Leaky Bucket:
Liquids Suppose we have a tank full of a liquid.
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Example: A rectangular aquarium measures 4 meters long, 2 meters wide,
and 3 meters tall. It is full of water and an occasional fish, which we will
ignore.
(a) Find the work done to pump all the water out.
(b) Find the work done to pump half the water out.
Example: How much work is needed to pump all the motor oil out of an oil drum
through the top of the drum? The drum has a height of 3 ft and a radius of 1 ft.
motor oil density
54.9 lb/ft2
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Example:
Example: How much work is needed to pump all the motor oil out of an oil drum
How much work is done if the same drum is only half full?
through the top of the drum? The drum has a height of 3 ft and a radius of 1 ft.
motor oil density
54.9 lb/ft2
Example: What if the drum is full but there is a 1 ft spigot through which the oil
must pass? motor oil density
54.9 lb/ft2
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