Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Peer Reviewed – International Journal
Vol-4, Issue-1, 2018 (IJIR)
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in
Factors Contributing to the Students’ Choice of
University: A Case Study of Somali National University
Abdijabbar Ismail Nor
Lecturer at Faculty of Economics and Managements Science, Somali National University
Abstract The purpose of this Study was to investigate
the factors Contributing to student’s choice of
university. the main objective of the study was to
explore those factors determining student’s choice of
university. the study demonstrated nine factors which
are: academic quality, learning environment,
facilities, course offered, fee, attitude, location,
friends and parents influence, image and reputation.
all factors are found important in selection of
universities. the study employed a Survey Research
design using Self-developed questionnaire to collect
the data. from a sample of 201 students from deferent
faculties such as economics and management, faculty
of veterinary, and faculty of law from Somali
national university. data were analyzed using the
statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS)
program. the various statistical techniques have been
applied to accomplish the objectives of the study.
reputation or image of the university was the most
contributable factor to the students’ choice of
university. the second highest determinant was the
attitude of the students towards university. the third
highest contributable factor was Academic quality.
the fourth factor contributing more to the students’
choice of university was course offered by the
university followed by the fee, learning environment
and job prospect and university facilities
respectively. location and the influence of the parents
and friends have less contributions to the students’
choice of university but are still considered
important.
Keywords: factors, contribution, Students’ Choice of
University, Somali National University,
Introduction
Somali National University was established in 1954
as Universita' Nazionale Somala, under Italian U.N.
Trusteeship over Italy's former Italian colony in East
Africa of Italian Somali territory. In 1960, Somalia
became an independent nation in the Trust Territory
of Somalia.. It obtained official university status in
1969. The main university grounds were situated
about six kilometers from the city center. In 1973,
under the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC),
programs and facilities were expanded. The SNU
developed over the years into an institution of higher
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
learning, with 13 departments, 700 staff and over
15,000 students. [1]
In the mid-1970s, the teaching college of Lafoole
Campus, one of SNU's remote campuses, was made
a stand-alone institution ("Lafoole Teacher's
College"). The language of instruction was English.
[2].
Italian was the Somali National University's
primary language of instruction. The university's
main campus was situated in Mogadishu, where
residents were already familiar with the Italian
language. [3]
From 1973, Somali and English were introduced as
additional languages of instruction. all programs at
Lafoole College were taught in English. [4] Due to
extensive damage to its facilities as well as the
difficulty of holding classes and acquiring books and
other necessities in the wake of the civil war in the
early 1990s, classes at the university were
suspended. [5]
On 14 November 2013, the Cabinet approved a
federal government plan to Relaunch and reopen the
Somali National University. On 16 August 2014, the
federal government officially re-opened the Somali
National University at a meeting of the Board of the
University. The event was chaired by former
President of Somalia, Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, who
served as the Chancellor of the university. [6]
On 18th September 2014, about 480 Students took the
university's entry exams, which were supervised by
the Chairman of the Somali National University Dr.
Mohamed Ahmed Jimale and the Deputy Minister of
Culture and Higher Education Mohamed Ahmed
Kulan. [7].
In October 2014, Speaker of the Federal
Parliament Mohamed Osman Jawari and Minister of
Culture and Higher Education Duale Adan
Mohamed officially inaugurated the first academic
year of the Somali National University.[8] in
September 2016, about 650 students were admitted.
On 21st August 2017, about 2500 students took the
university’s entry examination, but around 1059
students were admitted and allowed to join the
university. [9]. Based on the above information,
students who are selecting the university as a first
choice are increasing year after year. So, the purpose
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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Peer Reviewed – International Journal
Vol-4, Issue-1, 2018 (IJIR)
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in
of this study is to explore the various factors that
stand out very critical for students in university
choice decisions.
The study aims to identify those factors that have a
significant influence on student’s enrollment
decisions and play a vital role in their decision-
making process. Many factors have been explored
and studied by various researchers across the world
and investigated its direction and magnitude of
relationship with students’ enrollment decisions.
They all found various factors, its relationship and
relative influence on decision choice. This study also
aims to extend the findings of the previous studies
and to identify which factor contributes more in
University Enrollment choice in Somali context.
Objectives of the Study
The purpose of this study was to assess the various
factors that contribute to the students ‘choice of
University. It also aims to identify those factors that
have a significant influence on student’s enrollment
decisions and their magnitude.
Literature Review
Many studies have been done to explore the various
factors which effect the University selection choice
decisions among students. Many variables have been
identified and investigated to determine their impact
on the student choice of University or College.
According to [10] demonstrated the influence of
various factors on student university choice and
reported that personal aspiration, performance at
universities and external factors contributes more to
university choice. those external factors include
marketing efforts by university [11,12]. In another
study found Student educational aspirations
positively related with university attendance choice.
[13]
. The student’s own ability and aptitude also
reported as one of the important contributor in
selection of colleges and universities [14]. University
location also found to be a significant predictor of
University choice as investigated by [15, 16,17] They
noted that University proximity and distance from
home could also have a significant impact on student
choice to enroll in university. Academic program
offerings, its content range and duration also found
to have a significant association on student’s
University selection as reported by [18,19]. University
Reputation found to be a very strong predictor of
University choice as examined by [20]. They observed
that university reputation has a strong influence and
persuasive power on student’s University selection
decisions. Cost associated with university also termed
as an important factor to be discussed by various
researchers [21,22]. as cost has a strong influence in
university choice decisions. Availability of financial
aid also has a persuasive power on student university
attendance [23 ,24 ,25] They analyzed that financial aid will
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
likely to encourage more enrollments in University than
other factors. [26] examined the impact of Employment
opportunity and its relationship with college choice
decisions and found that employment opportunities are
the stronger predictor of enrollment decisions.
In another study [27] also identified and reported a
significant association between employment rate of
graduates in. determining the university attendance
decisions. A study conducted by [28] Using sample of
undergraduates concludes that reputation of the
institution, future graduates’ job prospects, nature of
the institutions, lower costs, affiliation of the
institutions, entry flexibility and institutions’ campus
environment are six factors that influence the choice
of HEIs. Another study by [29] adds large faculty and
wide range of facilities to the factors. Meanwhile, [30]
find that four important factors namely, qualification
of the teaching staff, English usage, English
language specialized field and top-notch staff are
important among international students. In addition,
using the sample of prospective students, parents and
undergraduates, [31] suggest that the availability of
desired program is considered the most important
factors. This factor is also shared from findings by
[32]
along with other factors such as academic
reputation, quality of the faculty/lecturers and
financial assistance offered by the HEIs. When it
comes to the respective parents, the financial aid
offered by the HEIs stands as the most important
factors [33] However, as mentioned by [34] it is the
image and reputation factors that have tremendous
effects on the choice of HEIs as shared by other
researchers [35], and [36]. A Study Conducted by [37]
Showed that the University’s image is the most
influential factors followed by university’s
environment, facility provided, and course offered by
the university. A Study Conducted by [38] found that
Career is the most preferred factor as rank by most of
the students, while addition to its three factors
Facilities, Financial aid and Social influence found
significantly related to student choice decision. The
factor “facilities” found strong predictor of Selection
decisions of HEI’s.
Research Methodology
The Study employed Survey Research design using
Self-developed questionnaire to collect the data. The
primary research instrument was a questionnaire,
Thus, the questionnaire consisted of 55
questions(items) in the form of a five-point Likert
scale which ranged from strongly disagree to
strongly agree. This Study has been done on
Foundation and first-year students of Somali
National University. About 201 students from
deferent faculties such as Economics and
Management, Faculty of veterinary and Faculty of
law from Somali National University participated
and responded to the questionnaire. Participants were
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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Peer Reviewed – International Journal
Vol-4, Issue-1, 2018 (IJIR)
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

selected based on random sampling. The Reliability Table.2 Gender of the respondents
of the questionnaire was tested by using the
Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient application in the Valid Cumulative
SPSS and Cronbach’s alpha of 55 items was found to Frequency Percent Percent Percent
be .894 which shows a highly reliable and consistent Valid Male 143 71.1 71.1 71.1
measuring tool. the reliability coefficient of .70 is
Female 58 28.9 28.9 100.0
acceptable one for internal consistency of the
measure. Total 201 100.0 100.0
Reliability Statistics The respondents were asked to indicate their gender
by ticking the appropriate column they belonged.
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items The purpose was to find out the number of male and
.894 55 female students who participated in the study.
Table.2 shows that 143 respondents which is most of
Procedures for Data Analysis the respondents representing 71.1.0% were males,
Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for while the remaining 58 respondents representing
the Social Sciences (SPSS) program. Frequency 28.9.0% being females, the findings shows that there
counts and percentages were used to present data in are more male students in the education sector
tables. The various statistical techniques have been because, males and females have different attitudes
applied to accomplish the objectives of the study. and views toward the education. but 28.9 % which is
Descriptive statistics, Mean, Standard Deviation, has the percentage of female students indicates their
done to check the level of importance of each factor. Normal representation in the education sector.
The coefficient of correlation also has applied to test Table3. Marital status
the direction and magnitude of relationship among
Contributing factors with University Choice. Valid Cumulative
Findings and Discussions Frequency Percent Percent Percent
Descriptive Statistics have been applied to know the Valid Single 194 96.5 96.5 96.5
relative frequency and proportionate distribution Married
among demographic variables. Data obtained has 7 3.5 3.5 100.0
been presented in Tables below. Total 201 100.0 100.0
Table1. Age of the respondents Table 3 depicts the marital status of respondents who
Valid participated in the study. The purpose was to find out
Frequency Percent Percent the status of the students who were actively involved
Valid 18-20 129 64.2 64.2 in the education with in Somalia National University.
A close look at the Table shows that 194 respondents
21-23 66 32.8 32.8 representing 96.5% fall within the single status; and
24-26 5 2.5 2.5 3.5 % fall within the marriage. The data shows that
majority of the students who joined the University
30 and above 1 .5 .5 are single.
Total 201 100.0 100.0 Table 4. Year of the study
Table.1 shows the age distribution of respondents Valid Cumulative
who participated in the study. The purpose was to Frequency Percent Percent Percent
find out the average age of the students who were Valid Foundation 71 35. 3 35.3 35.3
actively involved in the Study A close look at the
Table .1 shows that 129 respondents representing Year one 130 64.7 64.7 100.0
64.2% fall within the age brackets 18-20 years; 66
respondents representing 32.8 % fall within the age Total 201 100.0 100.0
brackets 21-23 years. While the remaining 3% fall As Only foundations and first-year students of the
within the age brackets 24-26 and 30 above years, university were the target population of the study.
the data showed that majority of the students who Therefore, the students studying in first year
participated the study fall between 18- 20 and 24-26. participated more in the study with valid percentage
This means that most of the students who of 64.7 % than the foundation students whose valid
participated the study were fresh graduates from percentage was 35.3%. this means majority of the
secondary schools who could be ordinary expected to respondents who participated this research were first
be more involved in the study. year students.

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 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
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Vol-4, Issue-1, 2018 (IJIR)
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in
Table 5. Correlations
Environment Friendship
Academic and job Course and parent Image and University
Quality prospect Facilities Offred Fee Location Attitude influence reputation Choice
Academic Quality Pearson Correlation 1 .212** .270** .277** .115 .122 .219** -.055 .281** 378**
Sig. (2-tailed) .003 .000 .000 .103 .084 .002 .441 .000 .000
N 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201
Environment and Pearson Correlation .212** 1 .428** .294** .377** .265** .147* .120 .377** .294**
job prospect
Sig. (2-tailed) .003 .000 .000 .000 .000 .037 .090 .000 .000
N 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201
Facilities Pearson Correlation .270** .428** 1 .315** .207** .401** .118 .169* .210** .221**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .003 .000 .095 .016 .003 .002
N 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201
Course Pearson Correlation .277** .294** .315** 1 .234** .071 .401** .178* .393** .339**
Offred
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .001 .316 .000 .011 .000 .000
N 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201
Fee Pearson Correlation .115 .377** .207** .234** 1 .108 .247** .078 .416** .372**
Sig. (2-tailed) .103 .000 .003 .001 .128 .000 .273 .000 .000
N 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201
Location Pearson Correlation .122 .265** .401** .071 .108 1 .018 .234** .095 .065
Sig. (2-tailed) .084 .000 .000 .316 .128 .798 .001 .182 .358
N 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201
Attitude Pearson Correlation .219** .147* .118 .401** .247** .018 1 .170* .497** .415**
Sig. (2-tailed) .002 .037 .095 .000 .000 .798 .016 .000 .000
N 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201
Friendship and Pearson Correlation -.055 .120 .169* .178* .078 .234** .170* 1 .227** .158*
parent influence
Sig. (2-tailed) .441 .090 .016 .011 .273 .001 .016 .001 .025
N 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201
Image and Pearson Correlation .281** .377** .210** .393** .416** .095 .497** .227** 1 .566**
reputation
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .003 .000 .000 .182 .000 .001 .000
N 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201
University Choice Pearson Correlation .378** .294** .221** .339** .372** .065 .415** .158* .566** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .002 .000 .000 .358 .000 .025 .000
N 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

Table 5. shows the Correlation Analysis results in This Study also applied model summary to assess the
which all 9 factors were correlated with the association between all independent variables and
dependent variable of Student Choice of University. dependent variable and the magnitude of the
The Pearson Correlation has been applied to check relationship.
the relative influence and predicting power of the Table 6. Model Summary
predicting variables in predicting student’s choice Change Statistics
decision. That test based on the objectives of the Std.
R Adjusted Error of R
study, to know the Contribution of the factors which Mo Squar R the Square Sig. F
F
determine the enrollment decisions and University del R e Square Estimate Change Change df1 df2 Change
choice. The Correlation Analysis showed that factors
1 15.19
Academic Quality, Learning environment, Facilities, .646a .417 .390 3.15385 .417 9 191 .000
3
Course offered, Fee, Attitude, and Image and
a. Predictors: (Constant), Image, Location, Quality, Friendship, Fee,
reputation found have Significant influence on Course, Environment, Attitude, Facilities
students’ choice of University. The factor Image and
reputation has found to be the most influential factor According to the above table 6. there is positive
(r=.566, P= .000.) in determining students’ university moderate relationship between Image, Location,
choice, followed by “Attitude” with (r =.415, P
Quality, Friendship, Fee, Course, Environment,
=0.00) respectively.
Attitude, Facilities and Students’ Choice of
University [r=.646,p=.000]

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
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ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) and Zero Order Correlation Analysis

On the other hand, zero order correlation has also been applied to know the magnitude and direction of the
relationship among independent variables and the Choice of the University. All factors found positively related
to students’ Choice of University, but the magnitude of the relationship was weak to moderate one.

Standardized
Unstandardized Coefficients Coefficients
Zero order
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig. Correlation
1 (Constant) .828 1.859 .445 .657
Academic
.306 .084 .223 3.663 .000 .378
Quality
Learning
.021 .053 .026 .393 .695 .294
Environment
Facilities .025 .056 .030 .449 .654 .221
Course Offered .060 .119 .033 .504 .615 .339
Fee .214 .090 .150 2.376 .018 .372
Location -.061 .079 -.047 -.763 .447 .065
Attitude .204 .104 .131 1.965 .051 .415
Friendship and
.084 .088 .057 .954 .342 .158
parent influence
Image and
.385 .083 .337 4.629 .000 .566
reputation
a. Dependent Variable: University Choice
Table 7. Zero Order Correlation Analysis
From The above table. The reputation and image of the of the university influence their choice of university.
University has a positive moderate correlation (r =.566, Academic quality is another important factor
P = .0.00) with students’ Choice of University, followed contributing to students’ Choice of University which
by the attitude of the students towards the University, means students select for those universities who have
and then the Academic quality was the third highest high quality in terms of program offered,
factor influencing on students’ choice of university professional lectures and so on.
while the factor friend/parent influence and Location Other factor that contributes more to the students’
showed a weak association (r = .158) (r = .065) with Choice of University is course offered by the
students’ choice of University.
university and is considered one of the most
important aspect since the participants provide a lot
Discussions of the findings of agree and strongly agree responses. This factor is
The study explored factors that contribute more to also shared from findings by [32] along with other
the Students’ Choice of University. The study factors such as academic reputation, quality of the
explored nine factors that affect the students’ faculty/lecturers and financial assistance offered by
enrollment decision, and driving towards selection of the HEIs. This study also revealed that University
specific University. As all factors contributing to the environment and facilities provided by the University
selection decisions, the study found multiple results have positive effect on the students’ choice of
in the analysis. The factor reputation and image of University. The result is in line with study conducted
the University got the highest rating in the analysis. by [28] Using sample of undergraduates concludes
This, in turn, can be interpreted that University’s that reputation of the institution, future graduates’
image is most important factor that influence job prospects, nature of the institutions, lower costs,
prospective students to choose Universities. The affiliation of the institutions, entry flexibility and
result is in line with previous findings University institutions’ campus environment are six factors that
Reputation found to be a very strong predictor of influence the choice of university. Another study by
University choice as examined by [20]. Findings of [29]
adds large faculty and wide range of facilities to
this study also showed that the attitude of the the factors. The study found that job prospect is one
students towards University is the second highest of the major factors contributing to the students’
contributable factor to Students’ Choice of choice of university since 69.7% of the respondents
University. The result is the same as the study indicated that they will select university if its
conducted by, [39] showing that prospective students Graduates have high rate of job prospects. Findings
developed positive attitude and feeling of being part of this study also indicated that University location is

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
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Vol-4, Issue-1, 2018 (IJIR)
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in
contributing less to the students’ Choice of
University since 67.7% of the respondents showed
that the location of the university is not close to their
home. this result is contrary to the study conducted
by [15, 16,17] They noted that University proximity and
distance from home could also have a significant
impact on student choice to enroll in University.
Conclusions
The study concludes that there isn’t a single factor
that comes into the minds of students when making
decision choice. There are multiple variables or
factors that are affecting students simultaneously, as
this study suggests. this study revealed nine factors
that affect students’ final selection of a University
such as Academic quality, learning environment,
facilities, course offered, fee, attitude, location,
friends and parents influence, image and reputation.
Reputation and image of the university is the most
and strongest contributable factor to the students’
choice of University. The second highest determinant
factor is the attitude of the students towards
University. The third strongest factor is Academic
quality including quality of the programs,
professional and qualified lecturers, and update
curriculum. The fourth factor contributing more to
the students’ choice of university is Course offered
by the University followed by the fee, learning
Environment and Job Prospect and University
facilities respectively. Location and the influence of
the parents and friends have less contributions to the
students’ choice of University but are still considered
significant. Considered together, these variables have
effect on students’ Choice of a University, so, Higher
learning institutions that are interested in increasing
their enrolment will do well to give special attention
to these factors.
Recommendations
Universities should equip themselves not only in
teaching and learning areas, but also other aspects
associated with it such as facilities, learning
environment, and health care services.
Acknowledgements
I would like to acknowledge Somali National
University in general and specifically faculty of
Economics and Management Science for financial
support.
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