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2014 Chapter 2 Gas Liquid Flow
2014 Chapter 2 Gas Liquid Flow
Gas-liquid flow
Flow direction: horizontal or vertical
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
2) Plug Flow
Gas Gas
Liquid
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
3) Stratified Flow
Gas Gas
Liquid Liquid
4) Wave Flow
Gas Gas
Liquid Liquid
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
5) Slug Flow
Gas
Liquid
6) Annular Flow
Liquid
Gas
Liquid
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
7) Dispersed Flow
Gas
0. 5
g l
a w
0.33 0.5
w l w
l w l
where = density (kg/m3)
= viscosity (Pa s)
= surface tension (dyne/cm)
and the subscripts , g, l, a, w refer to gas, liquid, air and
water, respectively.
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
Y-axis = G/
X-axis = L/G
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
v = 3 + 0.024 D
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
v g vg / g
v l vl /(1 g )
g (1 ) l
fG 2 X
P
2 D
Pgl = l 2 Pl
Pgl = g 2 Pg
Pl
= Pg
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
20 1
l 2 1
2
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
Example 2.1
Solution
0.5
g l
1
a w
0.33 0.5
w l w
1
l w l
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
Ma M 2 2 1 2
G 2
2
40 . 7 kgs m
A D 0.25 0.049
4 4
Mw Mw 20 20 1 2
L 2
2
407 . 4 kgs m
A D 0.25 0.049
4 4
Then
X-axis = L/G = 10
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
Therefore,
Pl
Pl X 5.99 0.36
Pg Pg 45.4
X
As Rel > 2000 and Reg > 2000 then use the t-t line in
the Lockhart-Martinelli diagram. It is found that
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
(c ) Liquid hold-up
ma mw
Total flow rate = Qg + Ql = +
a w
Rl = 0.13 =13%
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
Example 2-2
As in the Example 2-1, with the original flow rate of gas, what
liquid flow rate is required to achieve wave flow? And if the
pipe diameter is changed to 300 mm, what is the pressure
drop?
Solution
From Baker diagram, it is seen that a fixed gas flow rate will
not change the value of Y-axis. So drawing a horizontal line
from the original gas flow rate will get the value of X-axis at
which the wave flow commences.
L/G =0.42
L= 0.42 x 20 = 8.4 kg/s
For the case of D= 300 mm, the gas phase and liquid phase
mass flux are
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
Ma M 2 2 1 2
G 2
2
28 . 3kgs m
A D 0 .3 0.071
4 4
Mw Mw 8 .4 8 .4 1 2
L 118 . 3kgs m
A D2 0.32 0.071
4 4
and thus
vD GD 28.3 0.3
Re a 1.8 x10 5 471667
vD GD 118.3 0.3
Re w 9 10 4 39437
Therefore,
Pg fv 2 fG 2 0.0145 28.32
17.1Pa / m
X 2 D 2 D 2 0.3 1.131
Pl fv 2 fG 2 0.0220 118.32
0.51Pa / m
X 2 D 2 D 2 0.3 998
Pl
Pl X 0.51 0.173
Pg Pg 17.1
X
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
20 1
l 2 1 149.9
2
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
Example 2.3
Solution
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
Long Pipes
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
Example 2.4
Solution
PM 101.325 29
For gas a RT 1 . 186 kg / m 3
8.31 298
For water, assume w = 1000 kg/m3
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
Therefore,
Pl
Pl 5.98
X 0.374
and Pg
P g 42 .8
X
From Chisholm equation
l2 =61.6
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
PM 91.325 29
a 1.069 kg / m3
RT 8.31 298
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
Flow pattern
There are several flow patterns as shown below.
1) Bubble flow
Liquid
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
2) Slug flow
Gas
Gas
Gas
Liquid
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
3) Churn Flow
Gas
Gas
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
Liquid Liquid
Gas
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
5) Annular flow
Gas
Liquid Liquid
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
6) Dispersed flow
Gas
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
Flow regime
Gl2 G g2
X- Y-
l g
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
Example 2.5
Solution
From the example, we know the mass flux for gas and
liquid are
Ma M 2 2 1 2
G 2
2
40 . 7 kgs m
A D 0.25 0.049
4 4
Mw Mw 20 20
L 2
2
407.4kgs 1m 2
A D 0.25 0.049
4 4
Gg2
40.7 2
and Y-axis = 1.131 1465 kg/s m2
g
Gl2
407.4 2
166
X-axis = 998
l
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
Pressure drop
dp dp dp
) gl ( ) g 2 ( ) g g g
(
dx dx dx
dp dp dp
( ) gl ( )l 2 ( )l [ g (1 ) l ]g
dx dx dx
Example 2.6
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
Solution
L 0 .1 0 .1
vl 2.04
A ( D ) 2 0.0491 ft/s
4
Reynolds numbers
vD 0.15 204 0.25 3600
Re g 1.10 10 6
0.025
vD 50.0 2.04 0.25 3600
Re l 4590
20.0
Therefore, the flow is turbulent flow for gas and
liquid.
Pl fl vl
2
Pl [ g (1 ) l ]g
X 2D
Pg Pg f g v g
2
g g
X 2D
1
(1 0.0904 0.548 ) 2.82
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
204
v g vg / g 221 ft/s
0.92
2.04
vl vl /(1 g ) 25.5 ft/s
(1 0.92)
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CHE324 Fluid and Particle Processes Chapter 2 Gas-Liquid flow
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