CRIME AGAINST NATIONAL SECURITY AND LAWS OF NATIONS

Crimes against National Security

1. Treason (Art. 114, RPC);

Elements
1. That the offender is a Filipino citizen; or an alien residing in the Philippines (RA 7659);
2. That there is a war in which the Philippines is involved; and
3. That the offender either:
a. Levies war against the Government; or
b. Adheres to the enemies, giving them aid or comfort.

2. Conspiracy and proposal to commit treason (Art. 115, RPC);

Elements of conspiracy to commit treason

1. In times of war;
2. Two or more persons come to an agreement to:
a. Levy war against the government, or
b. Adhere to enemies and to give them aid or comfort; and
3. They decide to commit it.

Elements of proposal to commit treason

1. In times of war;
2. A person who has decided to levy war against the government, or to adhere to the enemies and give
them aid and comfort; and
3. Proposes its execution to some other person or persons.

3. Misprision of Treason (Art. 116, RPC); and

4. Espionage (Art. 117, RPC).

Crimes against the Law of Nations

1. Inciting to war and giving motives for reprisal (Art. 118, RPC);
2. Violation of Neutrality (Art. 119, RPC);
3. Correspondence with hostile country (Art. 120, RPC);
4. Flight to enemy country (Art. 121, RPC);
5. Piracy and mutiny (Art. 122, RPC); and
6. Qualified Piracy and Mutiny (Art. 123, RPC).