Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.

___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE – SEMESTER – V (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2015

Subject Code: 2150602 Date:05/12/ 2015

Subject Name: Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering
Time:10:30am to 1:00pm Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Explain non-recording type raingauge (Symon’s raingauge) with neat sketch. 07
How will you find out missing rainfall data?
(b) Define ‘Drought’. Distinguish between hydrological drought and 07
meteorological drought. Describe, in detail, measures for water conservation
and augmentation of water resources.
Q.2 (a) Explain the mass curve method that can be used for determining reservoir 07
capacity.
(b) Discuss various methods of determining the average depth of rainfall over a 07
catchment.
OR
(b) In a certain river basin, there are four raingauge stations, with their normal 07
annual precipitation amounting to 800, 520, 450 and 390 mm, respectively.
Determine the optimum number of raingauges in the catchment, if it is desired
to limit the error in the mean value of rainfall in the catchment to 10 %.
Q.3 (a) Explain the recuperation test to estimate the safe yield of an open well. 07
(b) Discuss the characteristics of the flow duration curves and write its various 07
uses.
OR
Q.3 (a) Define unit hydrograph? How it is constructed? Write assumptions and 07
limitations of the unit hydrograph.
(b) A well penetrates fully a 10 m thick water bearing stratum of medium sand 07
having coefficient of permeability of 0.004 m/sec. The well radius is 100 mm
and is to be worked under a drawdown of 4 m at the well face. Calculate the
discharge from the well. What will be the percentage increase in the discharge
if the radius of the well is doubled? Take R = 300 m in each case.
Q.4 (a) Explain reservoir sedimentation. What are the procedures for determining the 07
useful life of a reservoir?
(b) What factors affect the selection of type of dam? Discuss them briefly. 07
OR
Q.4 (a) What is reservoir planning? Describe briefly various investigations required for 07
reservoir planning.
(b) Define following terms: (i) Firm Power, (ii) Load Factor, (iii) Gross Head, (iv) 07
Operating Head, (v) Design Head, (vi) Plant Factor, (vii) Secondary Power.
Q.5 (a) Enlist various methods of flood estimation. Describe flood frequency 07
analysis.

1
 (b) A coffer dam designed for a 22 years flood is constructed. It takes 6 years to 07
complete the construction of main dam. What is the risk that the coffer dam
may fail before the end of the construction period? What return period in the
design of coffer dam would have reduced the risk to 12% ?
OR
Q.5 (a) Discuss modified Pul’s method of reservoir routing. 07
(b) What is flood management? Explain flood damage analysis. 07

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2
 Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–V (NEW) - EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2016
Subject Code:2150602 Date:06/05/2016
Subject Name:Hydrology & Water Resources Engineering
Time:02:30 PM to 05:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Describe non-automatic and automatic rain gauges. Explain the merits and 07
demerits of each.
(b) A thunder storm of 6hour duration produces the following flood hydrograph. 07
Derive the ordinates of unit hydrograph for a catchment area of 2845 km2. Also
sketch the resulting unit hydrograph.
Date July 3 July 4 July 5
Time 6 12 6 12 6 am 12 6 12 6 12
(hour) am noon pm mid noon pm mid am noon
night night
Discharge 100 400 1500 3500 5100 3000 1500 900 400 100
(m3/sec)
Q.2 (a) A recording rain gauge was installed on a basin having catchment area of 35 km2. 07
The mass curve of rainfall is recorded during a storm is given below.
Time from 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
start of storm
(hours)
Accumulated 0 8 18 59 68 83 89 95
rainfall
(mm)
If the volume of measured runoff due to storm is 1.4 ×106 m3, estimate the ϕ-index
of the basin.
(b) Define the following with figure (1) Earthen dam (2) Gravity dam (3) Arch dam 07
(4) Buttress dam (5) Spillway
OR
(b) Describe in detail the factors affecting infiltration. 07
Q.3 (a) Define unit hydrograph and its uses. Clearly explain the assumption made in the 07
derivation of unit hydrograph.
(b) Define the following (1) Aquifer (2) Aquiclude (3) Aquifuge (4) Specific yield (5) 07
Specific retention (6) Storage coefficient (7) Transmissibility coefficient
OR
Q.3 (a) Explain Darcy’s law with its limitations. Describe the procedure of proving it 07
experimentally.
(b) Describe in brief (1) Reservoir sedimentation (2) Reservoir capacity 07
Q.4 (a) Describe the various components of a typical hydropower plant with a neat sketch. 07
Also discuss the function of each component.

1
 (b) Describe the situations under which the following dams are constructed (1) 07
Gravity dam (2) earthen dam (3) Arch dam. Also describe any two major
reservoirs of India.
OR
Q.4 (a) Define flood and its causes. Also discuss various measures taken to control the 07
flood.
(b) (i)Define the following (a) Return period (b) Spillway design flood (c) Probable 07
maximum flood
(ii) A bridge has an expected life of 25 years and designed for flood management
of return period 100 years. (a) What is the risk of this hydrologic design (b) if a
10% risk is acceptable, what return period will have to be adopted.
Q.5 (a) Distinguish between 07
(1) Hydraulic and hydrologic method of flood routing
(2) Hydrologic storage routing and hydrologic channel routing
(3) Prism storage and wedge storage
(b) Describe the types of drought and its causes. 07
OR
Q.5 (a) Describe various measures of water conservation and augmentation. 07
(b) Describe in brief 07
(1) Channel improvement (2) Flood damage analysis

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2
 Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
BE - SEMESTER–V(New) • EXAMINATION – WINTER 2016
Subject Code:2150602 Date:17/11/2016
Subject Name:Hydrology & Water Resources Engineering
Time: 10:30 AM to 01:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
MARKS
Q.1 Short Questions 14
1 What do you understand by climate change?
2 Define the term ‘Drought’
3 What do you understand by the term ‘Water harvesting’?
4 Draw a typical daily rainfall mass curve for a recording rain gauge.
5 What is an unconfined aquifer?
6 Define ‘Specific Capacity of a well’.
7 What is a flow duration curve?
8 State Darcy’s law for ground water flow.
9 What do you understand by flood routing?
10 Define Ø-index.
11 Write Horton’s equation for infiltration rate estimation?
12 Define Evapotranspiration.
13 Write the water budget equation.
14 Define unit hydrograph
Q.2 (a) Calculate the average annual rainfall using Theissen polygon method for the 03
following data:
Rain gauge station 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Annual rainfall (cm) 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41
Area (Km2) 55 50 45 33 69 49 55 39
(b) Calculate the rainfall excess from the rainfall hyetograph data given below. 04
Assume Ø-index = 0.25 cm/hr.
Time 8 am 9 am 10 11 am 12 1 2 3 4
to to am to -12 noon pm pm pm pm
9am 10 to 11 noon to 1 to 2 to 3 to 4 to 5
am am pm pm pm pm pm
Rainfall 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8
intensity
(cm/hr)
(c) Discuss the methods for reducing the reservoir sedimentation. 07
OR
(c) Derive the ordinates of unit hydrograph given the flood hydrograph 07
ordinates. Assume constant base flow of 12 cumecs. The catchment area is
100 km2.
Time (hr) 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Flood Hydrograph 12 34 56 78 65 45 32 28 12
Ordinates (cumecs)
Q.3 (a) Explain the Rational Method for estimation of peak flood discharge. 03

(b) Derive the equation for steady state discharge for a well fully penetrating a 04
confined aquifer.

(c) Explain with a neat sketch the various zones of storage in a reservoir. 07
1
 OR
Q.3 (a) Explain the double ring infiltrometer with a neat sketch. 03
(b) Explain the causes of floods in Indian sub-continent. 04
(c) Draw the flow duration curve (FDC) given the discharges during 1998 to 07
2015. Determine the 75 percent dependable yield?
Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Discharge 1500 1400 1240 1108 945 750 556 347 249
(cumecs)
Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Discharge 1450 1300 1180 990 900 590 455 333 235
(cumecs)
Q.4 (a) Discuss the factors affecting runoff in a catchment area. 03
(b) A well of 10 cm diameter fully penetrates a confined aquifer of 25 m depth. 04
The drawdown in the well is 3 m. If the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer
is 45 m/day, calculate (i) Transmissivity of aquifer (T) and (ii) discharge
from the well. Assume radius of zero drawdown (R) as 300 m.
(c) Discuss the engineering measures for flood control. 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Explain the formation loss and screen loss coefficients for a well penetrating 03
an aquifer.
(b) Explain the various investigations carried out for fixing a reservoir site. 04
(c) Explain with a neat sketch the components of a hydroelectric power plant. 07

Q.5 (a) Briefly explain the methods of base flow separation in hydrograph analysis. 03
(b) Discuss the various types of dams. What is the function of a spillway? 04
(c) Discuss the measures to be adopted for water conservation and augmentation 07
in water scarce regions.
OR
Q.5 (a) Explain the double mass curve method for checking the consistency of 03
rainfall data.
(b) Discuss the Penman-Monteith method for evapotranspiration estimation. 04
(c) Describe the working of Symons rain gauge and Tipping bucket type rain 07
gauge with neat sketches

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2
 Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–V (NEW) - EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2017
Subject Code: 2150602 Date: 27/04/2017
Subject Name: Hydrology & Water Resources Engineering
Time: 02:30 PM to 05:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) 1. Define Hydrology with three key words 07

2. State names of hydrological data types
3. Differentiate Surface and Ground water Hydrology.
4. What is Evapotranspiration and evaporation?
5. What is sub surface runoff?
6. What you mean by aquifer?
7. What is aquiclude?

(b) 1. Does slope decrease or increase the runoff? 07

2. Does trees helps in bringing rainfall or not?
3. What is reflected by inflection point of hydrograph?
4. What is multipeak hydrograph reflecting?
5. Does type of soil affect the rate of infiltration or not?
6. What is storage coefficient of an aquifer?
7. What is transmissibility of an aquifer?

Q.2 (a) (i) Enlist various methods to compute the average annual rainfall over a catchment and explain 04
any one with neat sketch. 03
(ii) Explain with neat sketch infiltration characteristic curve of any catchment with significant
notes.

(b) Explain in detail with neat sketch the double mass curve technique to check the consistency of 07
rainfall data.
OR
(b) A storm with 15 cm precipitation produced a direct runoff of 8.7 cm. The time distribution of 07
storm is as follows. Calculate Φ-index.
Time from start
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(hr)

Incremental rainfall in (cm/hr) 0.60 1.35 2.25 3.45 2.70 2.40 1.50 0.75

Q.3 (a) (i) A rain gauge ‘A’ was inoperative during a specific storm. The rainfall recorded at three 07
surrounding stations B, C and D during that storm were 107, 89 and 122 mm respectively. If the
average annual rainfall of stations A, B, C and D are 978, 1120, 935 and 1200 mm respectively,
estimate the storm precipitation of station A.

(ii) The rainfall values at gauging stations and corresponding areas of Thiessen’s polygons for a
drainage basin are as follows: Compute the average rainfall over the basin.

Station A B C D E
Area of Thiessen’s
45 39 32 40 36
Polygon (km2)
Rainfall (cm) 12.5 18.9 15.7 13.4 17.3
1
 (b) What are the factors that affect Evapotranspiration? Describe any one method of measurement 07
of Evapotranspiration
OR
Q.3 (a) With a neat sketch, describe various zones of storage in a reservoir. Also suggest measures to 07
control reservoir sedimentation.
(b) What is meant by ‘water harvesting’? Explain methods of roof water harvesting and water 07
harvesting for agricultural use.

Q.4 (a) Explain procedure to derive s-curve hydrograph from a given unit hydrograph. What are the 07
uses of s-curve hydrograph?
(b) Discuss occurrence of groundwater with a neat sketch and define various water bearing 07
formations.
OR
Q.4 (a) Define Unit Hydrograph. Discuss basic assumptions, applications and limitations of Unit 07
Hydrograph theory.
(b) The ordinates of flood hydrograph from a 4-hr rainfall are given in the following table. Derive 07
ordinates of 4-Hr unit hydrograph for a catchment area of 640 km2.Take constant base flow of 30
cumec.

Time (hrs) 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
Discharge 30 68 205 410 330 254 195 133 95 58 30
Cm3/sec
Q.5 (a) Discuss causes of flood. 07

(b) Explain in brief all structural methods of flood control. 07

OR
Q.5 (a) Discuss all components of a hydroelectric power plant in brief. Differentiate between low and 07
high head power plants.
(b) What is the need for planning of water resources projects? Discuss the steps involved in the 07
water resources planning.

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2
Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–V (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2017
Subject Code: 2150602 Date: 03/11/2017
Subject Name: Hydrology & Water Resources Engineering
Time: 10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

MARKS
Q.1 (a) Define unit hydrograph and its applications. 03
(b) Write various methods to estimate average depth of precipitation in a 04
catchment. Explain any one method in detail with figure.
(c) Define the following with figure 07
(1) Infiltration index (2) Specific yield (3) Flow duration curve (4)
Confined aquifer

Q.2 (a) Discuss the factors affecting infiltration. 03

(b) Give the name of automatic rain gauges and explain any one in detail 04
with figure.
(c) A storm of 10 cm precipitation produced a direct runoff of 5.8 cm. the 07
duration of rainfall was 16 hours and its distribution is given below.
Estimate the infiltration index of the storm.
Time from 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
start (hour)
Cumulative 0 0.4 1.3 2.8 5.1 6.9 8.5 9.5 10.0
rainfall
(cm)
OR
(c) The ordinates of storm hydrograph of a river draining a catchment area 07
of 770 km2 due to 6-hour isolated storm. Derive the ordinates of a 6-h
unit hydrograph for the catchment.
Time 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48
from start
(hour)
Discharge 40 65 215 360 400 350 270 205 145
(m3/s)

Time from 54 60 66 72
start (hour)
Discharge 100 70 50 42
3
(m /s)
Q.3 (a) Explain the rational method to estimate peak discharge. 03
(b) Describe stage-discharge curve with figure. 04
(c) Explain the factors affecting hydrograph in detail. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) Describe the methods of base flow separation. 03
(b) Explain with figure various zones of storage in a reservoir. 04

1
 (c) Explain reservoir sedimentation with figure and describe various 07
methods of reducing reservoir sedimentation.
Q.4 (a) Discuss the factors affecting the site selection of a dam. 03
(b) Describe flood management in brief. 04
(c) Write a short note on 07
(1) Low head (2) Medium head (3) High head hydropower plant
OR
Q.4 (a) Write a brief note on flood routing. 03
(b) Discuss the methods of flood estimation. 04
(c) Describe various flood control measures. 07

Q.5 (a) Explain Darcy's law with figure. 03

(b) Describe various causes of drought. 04
(c) A 30cm diameter well completely penetrates a confined aquifer of 07
permeability 45 m/day. The length of the strainer is 20m. Under steady
state of pumping, the drawdown at the well was found to be 3.0m and
the radius of the influence was 300m. Calculate the discharge.
OR
Q.5 (a) Write a brief note on flood damage analysis. 03
(b) During the recuperation test of a 4.0m open well a recuperation of the 04
depression head from 2.5 m to 1.25 m was found to take place in 90
minutes. Determine the specific capacity per unit well area.
(c) Describe various measures of water conservation and augmentation. 07

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