
MIA in some types of leukemias can also affect
any of the precursors of different bone
marrow cell lines, such as myeloid,
monocytic, erythroid or megakaryocytic
precursors. Cancer cells prevent the
production of red blood cells, platelets and
mature white blood cells (leukocytes)
healthy
CAUSES:
 Scientists do not understand exactly what the
SERGIO REATEGUI, causes of leukemia are. Apparently, it is
generated from a combination of genetic and
ANDERSON PINEDA environmental factors.
 In general, it is believed that leukemia occurs
when some blood cells acquire mutations in
WHAT IS IT? DNA (the information that is found inside each
cell and that directs its function).
 Leukemia is a group of malignant diseases
 Some abnormalities cause the cell to grow and
of the bone marrow (hematological
divide more quickly, and to continue to live
cancer1) that causes an uncontrolled
when normal cells have already died. Over
increase of leukocytes in it
time, these abnormal cells can crowd out
healthy blood cells in the bone marrow, which
decreases the number of healthy platelets,
white blood cells and red blood cells, and
causes the signs and symptoms of leukemia.
TIPS OF LEUKEMIA:
 Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
 Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
 Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
 Hairy cell leukemia
SYMPTOM:
 Fever or chills
 Persistent fatigue, weakness
 Frequent or serious infections
 Weight loss without intending it
 Swollen lymph nodes enlarged liver or spleen
 Tendency to bleeding and bruising
 Recurrent nosebleeds
 Small red spots on the skin (petechia)
 Excessive sweating, especially at night
 Pain or sensitivity in the bones

CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA:
 Acute leukemia.
In acute leukemia, abnormal blood cells are
immature blood cells (blasts). They can not fulfill
their normal functions and multiply fast; therefore,
the disease worsens rapidly. Acute leukemia
requires timely and aggressive treatment.
 Chronic leukemia.
There are many types of chronic leukemia. Some
produce too many cells and others, very few. Chronic
leukemia includes more mature blood cells. These
blood cells replicate and accumulate very slowly, and
can function normally for a while.
 Lymphocytic leukemia.
This type of leukemia affects the lymphoid cells
(lymphocytes) that make up the lymphoid or
lymphatic tissue. The lymphatic tissue forms the
immune system.
and directs the radiation to specific points
 Myelogenous leukemia.
on the body.
This type of leukemia affects the myeloid cells.
 Stem cell transplant. A stem cell
These cause red blood cells, white blood cells and
transplant is a procedure to replace
cells that produce platelets.
diseased bone marrow with healthy bone
marrow.
TREATMENTS:
 Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is the main
form of treatment for leukemia. This drug
treatment uses chemicals to kill the
leukemia cells.
 Biological therapy. Biological therapy
works through treatments that help your
immune system recognize and attack
leukemia cells.
 Targeted therapy. Targeted therapy uses
drugs that target specific vulnerabilities of
cancer cells.
 Radiotherapy. Radiation therapy uses x-
rays or other high-energy beams to damage
leukemia cells and stop their growth. During
radiation therapy, you lie on a stretcher
while a large machine moves around you