RFID BASED LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSETEM

INTRODUCTION
The RFID based LMS facilitates the fast issuing, reissuing and returning of books with the help
of RFID enabled modules. It directly provides the book information and library member
information to the library management system and does not need the manual typing. It also
provides monitoring and searching system. The monitoring module will continuously monitor
the movement of books across the gates, so that the books taken out without prior issuing will be
traced out easily and will alarm the librarians. The searching module provides the fast searching
of books using RFID handheld reader. The physical location of the books can be easily located
using this module.
HARDWARE USED
1. ARDUINO
2. Voltage regulator 7805.
3. Diode IN4007
4. RFID Module.
5. Some other components.

ARDUINO
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-touse hardware and software. It's
intended for anyone making interactive projects. Arduino is a tool for making computers that can
sense and control more of the physical world than your desktop computer. It's an open-source
physical computing platform based on a simple microcontroller board, and a development
environment for writing software for the board. Arduino can be used to develop interactive
objects, taking inputs from a variety of switches or sensors, and controlling a variety of lights,
motors, and other physical outputs. Arduino projects can be stand-alone, or they can be
communicating with software running on your computer (e.g. Flash, Processing, MaxMSP.) The
boards can be assembled by hand or purchased preassembled; the open-source IDE can be
downloaded for free. The Arduino programming language is an implementation of Wiring, a
similar physical computing platform, which is based on the Processing multimedia programming
environment.
Key features of Arduino
There are many other microcontrollers and microcontroller platforms available for physical
computing. Parallax Basic Stamp, Net media’s BX-24, Phidgets, MIT's Handy board, and many
others offer similar functionality. All of these tools take the messy details of microcontroller
programming and wrap it up in an easy-to-use package. Arduino also simplifies the process of
working with microcontrollers, but it offers some advantage for teachers, students, and interested
amateurs over other systems:
Inexpensive - Arduino boards are relatively inexpensive compared to other microcontroller
platforms. The least expensive version of the Arduino module can be assembled by hand, and
even the preassembled Arduino modules cost less than $50
Cross-platform - The Arduino software runs on Windows, Macintosh OSX, and Linux operating
systems. Most microcontroller systems are limited to Windows. Simple, clear programming
environment - The Arduino programming environment is easy-to-use for beginners, yet flexible
enough for advanced users to take advantage of as well. For teachers, it's conveniently based on
the Processing programming environment, so students learning to program in that environment
will be familiar with the look and feel of Arduino Open source and extensible software- The
Arduino software is published as open source tools, available for extension by experienced
programmers. The language can be expanded through C++ libraries, and people wanting to
understand the technical details can make the leap from Arduino to the AVR C programming
language on which it's based. Similarly, you can add AVR-C code directly into your Arduino
programs if you want to. Open source and extensible hardware - The Arduino is based on
Atmel's ATMEGA8, ATMEGA128, ATMEGA168 and others microcontrollers. The plans for
the modules are published under a Creative Commons license, so experienced circuit designers
can make their own version of the module, extending it and improving it. Even relatively
inexperienced users can build the breadboard version of the module in order to understand how it
works and save money.
SOFTWARE USED
Arduino Development Environment
The Arduino development environment contains a text editor for writing code, a message area, a
text console, a toolbar with buttons for common functions, and a series of menus. It connects to
the Arduino hardware to upload programs and communicate with them.
Writing Sketches
Software written using Arduino are called sketches. These sketches are written in the text editor.
Sketches are saved with the file extension .ino. It has features for cutting/pasting and for
searching/replacing text. The message area gives feedback while saving and exporting and also
displays errors. The console displays text output by the Arduino environment including complete
error messages and other information. The bottom right hand corner of the window displays the
current board and serial port. The toolbar buttons allow you to verify and upload programs,
create, open, and save sketches, and open the serial monitor. The open-source Arduino
environment makes it easy to write code and upload it to the i/o board. It runs on Windows, Mac
OS X, and Linux. The environment is written in Java and based on Processing, avr-gcc, and
other open source software.
AN INTRODUCTION TO Arduino UNO
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 . It has 14 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic
resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains
everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB
cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Uno differs from all
preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features
the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.
Microcontroller AT mega 328
Operating Voltage 5V
Input Voltage 7-12V (recommended)
Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins 6
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
Flash Memory
32 KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5 KB
used by boot loader
SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)
EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
Clock Speed 16 MHz
INTRODUCTION TO RFID
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method, relying on storing
and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. The technology
requires some extent of cooperation of an RFID reader and an RFID tag. An RFID tag is an
object that can be applied to or incorporated into a product, animal, or person for the purpose of
identification and tracking using radio waves. Some tags can be read from several meters away
and beyond the line of sight of the reader. An RFID tag is an object that can be applied to or
incorporated into a product, animal, or person for the purpose of identification
and tracking using radio waves. Some tags can be read from several meters away and beyond the
line of sight of the reader.
What is RFID?
A basic RFID system consists of three components:
a) An antenna or coil
b) A transceiver (with decoder)
c) A transponder (RF tag)
Electronically programmed with unique information. There are many different types of RFID
systems out in the market. They are categorized according to their frequency ranges. Some of the
most commonly used RFID kits are as follows:
1) Low-frequency (30 KHz to 500 KHz)
2) Mid-Frequency (900KHz to 1500MHz)
3) High Frequency (2.4GHz to 2.5GHz)
These frequency ranges mostly tell the RF ranges of the tags from low frequency tag ranging
from 3m to 5m, mid-frequency ranging from 5m to 17m and high frequency ranging from 5ft to
90ft. The cost of the system is based according tos their ranges with lowfrequency system
ranging from a few hundred dollars to a high frequency system ranging somewhere near 5000
dollars.
Typical Applications for RFID
Automatic Vehicle identification
Inventory Management
Work-in-Process
Container/ Yard Management
Document/ Jewelry tracking
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROJECT