Licenciatura en Lengua Inglesa

Resolución 12625 del 27 de diciembre de 2010

Código SNIES 90908

Activity 2: An overview of English Language Methods

Participants’ names: Fernando Campo, Alex Oviedo y Belisario Márquez

Method Theoretical Principles (3 each) Score Characteristics (4 each) Score

1. Audio-lingual Theory of language:  Great deal of oral activity (pronunciation,
Method 1. I was derived from a view proposed by pattern drills and practice) with none of the
the American linguists in 1950’s and grammar found in traditional classes.
which is now called “Structural
Linguistics”  Was grounded in linguistic and psychological
2. Linguistic levels are pyramidally theory.
structured
3. Transcribing spoken utterances was  The teacher’s role is central and active; it is a
developed and later working on the teacher – dominated method.
phonemes.
 Learners are viewed as organisms that can be
Theory of learning: directed by skilled training techniques to
1. New material is presented in dialogue produce correct responses
form
2. It was based on “Structuralism” and
grammar structures are learnt through
repetition.
The behaviorism theory came up in which
anybody could learn through different
behaviors like stimulus, organism, response
and reinforcement

Designed by Jorge Muñoz – M.A. in Applied Linguistics to TEFL

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 Licenciatura en Lengua Inglesa
Resolución 12625 del 27 de diciembre de 2010
Código SNIES 90908

2. Total Physical Theory of language:  Suggested extended dialogues, accompanied

Response (TPR) 1. Most of the grammatical structure of
the target language and hundreds of
vocabulary items can be learned from
the skillful use of the imperative by the
instructor
2. Asher also refers in passing to the fact
that language can be internalized as
wholes or chunks, rather than as single
lexical items, and, as such, links are
possible to more theoretical proposals
of this kind.
3. The foreign language learner should
first internalize
by vocabulary lists or the use of role plays,
songs, drama and other texts plus the
authoritative behavior of the teacher.
 Use of relaxing environment where students
would use a different name and pretended to
interact with a different personality.
 Use of soft relaxing music so learners could
perform better their linguistic tasks.
 Help students get fluent faster by immersing
them in everyday life situation activities

Theory of learning:
1. Arthur Jensen proposed a seven-stage
model to describe the development of
verbal learning in children.
2. TPR uses psychomotor system to teach
vocabulary.
3. It is based on the theory that the fastest
way to learn a language is by following
instructions said by the instructor

Designed by Jorge Muñoz – M.A. in Applied Linguistics to TEFL

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 Licenciatura en Lengua Inglesa
Resolución 12625 del 27 de diciembre de 2010
Código SNIES 90908

3. Silent Way Theory of language:  Language is learnt through a problem-solving

1. The Silent Way adopts a structural approach
syllabus with lessons planned around
grammatical items and related  The Silent Way adopts a basically structural
vocabulary. syllabus, with lessons planned around
2. The general objective is to give grammatical items and related vocabulary.
students oral and aural facility in basic
elements of the target language.  Learners are expected to develop
3. Language is separated from its social independence, autonomy, and responsibility.
context and taught through artificial
situations, usually represented by rods. Silence is considered the best vehicle for learning,
because in silence students concentrate on the task
Theory of learning: to be accomplished and the potential means to its
1. Learners are expected to develop accomplishment.
independence, autonomy, and
responsibility
2. Silent Way learners acquire “inner
Criteria”
3. “Functional vocabulary” learners deal
with most functional and versatile
words of the language that almost
don’t have direct equivalent in the
learner’s native language.
4. Community 1-Theory of language: .
Language .
Learning 1. Structuralistic view of language  Learners must apprehend the sound
2. Language as social process. system, assign fundamental meanings
3. Interactional view of language and construct a basic grammar of the
foreing language.

 Communication is an exchange which

is incomplete without a feeback

Designed by Jorge Muñoz – M.A. in Applied Linguistics to TEFL

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2-Theory of learning:
1. Holistic view of learning: the whole
person learning term
2. A relationship characterized by
convalidation – SARD
3. The progression is topic based
5. Suggestopedia 1-Theory of language:
1. A view of language in which lexis is
central
2. Experiencing language material in
whole meaningful texts
3. Refers to a direct act of communication
Designed by Jorge Muñoz – M.A. in Applied Linguistics to TEFL
Licenciatura en Lengua Inglesa
Resolución 12625 del 27 de diciembre de 2010
Código SNIES 90908
reaction from the destinee of the
message.Language is people, language
is persons in contact, language is
persons in response.
 Learning is both cognitive and
affective, interaction between the
learner and the knower is involved.
CLL combines innovative learning
tasks and activities: translatioin, group
work, recording, transcription, analysis,
reflection and observation, free
conversation.
 SARD: S(security) A(attention and
aggression) R(retention and
reflection) D(discrimination)
 Suggestopedic course directs the
student no to vocabulary memorization
and acquiring habits of speech but to
acts of communication (Lozanov
1978:109)
 Its main objective is to deliver an
advanced conversational proficiency
quickly. Emphasis on memorization of
vocabulary pairs through lexical
translation
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2-Theory of learning:
1. Suggestion is at the heart of the theory
learning
2. 6 principal theoretical components
through which desuggestion and
suggestion operate: authority,
infantilization, double-planedness,
intonation, rhythm and concert pseudo-
pasiveness
3. Centrality of music an musical rhythm
to learning
6. Multiple 1.Theory of language:
Intelligences 1. MI proposals look at the language of
an individual including one or more
second language as central to the
whole life of the language learner.
2. Language is held to be interpreted with
the 8 Gardner´s native intelligences.
3. Language is not seen as limited to a
“linguistic” perspective but
encompasses all aspects of
communication
Designed by Jorge Muñoz – M.A. in Applied Linguistics to TEFL
Licenciatura en Lengua Inglesa
Resolución 12625 del 27 de diciembre de 2010
Código SNIES 90908
 Groups of learners are ideally socially
homogeneous, 12 in number and
divided equally between men and
women. Authoritative behavior of the
teacher
 The most conspicuous characteristics
are the decoration, furniture and
arrangement of the classroom. Anoher
main characteristic is the use of music
to relax learners, to structure, pace and
punctuate the presentation of linguistic
material
 According to Howard Gardner, the
brain has other equally important types
of intelligences apart of logic and
language. Gardner refers 8 different
native “intelligence”: linguistic, logical,
spatial, musical, bodily, interpersonal,
intrapersonal and naturalist.
 MI focusses on differences between
learners and the need to recognize
learner differences in teaching
Howard Gardner claims that MI is
culture-free and avoids the conceptual
narrowness usually associated with
traditional models of intelligence
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 Licenciatura en Lengua Inglesa
Resolución 12625 del 27 de diciembre de 2010
Código SNIES 90908

2.Theory of learning:
1. Pedagogy is most successful when the
learners´ differences are
acknowledged, analyzed and
accommodated in teaching
2. A multisensory view of language is
necessary to construct an adequate
theory of language as well as an
effective design for language learning
3. MI theory encourage learning that goes
beyond traditional books, pens and
pencils.
 Intelligence comprises a single factor,
the “g” factor. Intelligence “g” can be
defines as the ability to deal with
cognitive complexity. Teachers can
provide learning activities that build
on those inherent intelligences.
 IM establish 4 learning stages in the
learning method: awaken the
intellingence, amplify it, teach with/for
it and transfer it

7. Theory of language:
Communicative
Approach (CLT) Theory of learning:

8. Cooperative Theory of language:

Language
Learning (CLL) Theory of learning:

9. Content-based Theory of language:

Instruction (CBI)
Theory of learning:

10. Task-Based Theory of language:

Language
Teaching - TBLT Theory of learning:

Designed by Jorge Muñoz – M.A. in Applied Linguistics to TEFL

4
 Licenciatura en Lengua Inglesa
Resolución 12625 del 27 de diciembre de 2010
Código SNIES 90908

Total of Theoretical Principles Total of Characteristics

TOTAL

Designed by Jorge Muñoz – M.A. in Applied Linguistics to TEFL