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Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
of Metabolism
BIOL 4167/5167
Metabolism:
highly _____________ cellular activity.
Main focus:
1
Carbon is important for life
Two main groups based on
the chemical source used:
Autotrophs:
Use CO2 from atmosphere as their sole
source of carbon.
e.g. __________________, _______
Heterotrophs:
Cannot use ______ as sole source of carbon.
• Others:
- oxidize ammonia to nitrites
and nitrates
2
To maintain proper cycling of C, O and N there
should be a proper balance between the
activities of ______ - and __________.
Energy relationships:
between catabolic and anabolic pathways
3
Non-linear metabolic pathways
Nucleophiles:
• functional group ____ in electrons.
• can _______ electrons.
Electrophiles:
• ______ electrons.
Break:
Shared electrons divided: ________ radicals
are generated
MORE COMMON.
Generates highly _________ ions
4
Reaction classes:
1. Oxidation – reduction reaction.
Reaction classes:
Reaction classes:
5
Reaction classes:
Reaction classes:
2- Reaction that make or break C-C bond.
Read p496-97
6
Reaction classes: 3
- Internal rearrangement, isomerization and elimination
reactions.
redistribution of electrons:
isomerization
transposition of double bonds
cis-trans rearrangements of double bonds
Read p497-98
Reaction classes:
4- Group transfer reactions.
transfer of _____, ______ & ________ groups.
Read p499
Reaction classes:
5- Free radical reaction.
• generates ___________.